Trends in Sustainable Behaviour of Consumers in Eastern Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa: A Critical Discourse

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Mirela Panait ◽  
Lukman Raimi
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Sub Saharan

Sultanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan

To facilitate a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the concept of sultanism, this chapter provides a detailed theoretical and empirical literature review. Firstly, it considers the oriental origins of the concept, as applied by Max Weber and others to the Ottoman Empire and a number of South Asian examples. Secondly, it traces the emergence of ‘contemporary sultanism’, as applied by scholars to Latin American regimes from the mid-twentieth century and onwards. Thirdly, it explores the more recent concept of neo-sultanism and the development of a distinct international empirical category of autocratic-authoritarianism which includes: various Latin America regimes; some of the former communist republics of central Asia and Eastern Europe; and a number of regimes in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. Finally, it assesses the need to address the scholarly deficit in applying contemporary sultanism or neo-sultanism to the Middle East, and suggests that the present-day Saudi And UAE regimes may be strong examples.

Transnational Organized Crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-143
Author(s):  
Giovanna Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Transnational Criminal Organizations

Criminal organizations have opened up to profound global transformations, putting themselves on the financial markets and creating a network in Mafia style. The present contribution intends to offer a framework of transnational criminal organizations, starting from defining aspects, normative forecasts and peculiarities, and then describing the Italian mafias and those of Eastern Europe, China, and Nigeria. Through these analyses the author intends to demonstrate how although Italy is the only country to have introduced “the Mafia Criminal Association” ex Art. 416 bis of the Penal Code, other countries also know this phenomenon. China, Russia, sub-Saharan Africa have given rise to mafia-style criminal organizations, even though they have not legally defined them. Today the branching of these associations at transnational level brings out their mafia values and the need to intervene with the legal and investigative methodology that was first experimented in Italy.

scholarly journals Investigating Global and Regional Trends of DALY due to Cardiovascular Diseases Using Latent Growth Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad BehnouieHeidari ◽  
Hossein Fallahzadeh ◽  
Ramin Malboosbaf ◽  
Sara Jambarsang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: The global trend of cardiovascular diseases is increasing. This study was conducted to investigate the global and regional trends of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases during 1990-2017. Methods: In this modeling study, the global burden rate of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by years of disability, years of life with disability, and years of life lost due to premature death related to cardiovascular diseases during 1990 to 2017 in 195 countries as the study population, which was extracted from the IHME site. Results: The growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases in the high-income region (growth rate coefficient = 450.85) was higher than other regions and the highest mean DALY rate due to cardiovascular diseases was for Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (mean rate = 106767) compared to other regions. Overall, the growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases in the regions of Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia and Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania was positive and the growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases was negative in Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, high-income countries, North Africa and the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Beyond the Liberal Democracy Paradigm: A Fresh Look at Power and Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Hyden
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Freedom House

Abstract:Compared to political developments in Eastern Europe and Latin America, democratization in sub-Saharan Africa has been more problematic and uneven. Looking at the performance in four subregions—central Africa, East Africa, southern Africa, and West Africa—yields no convincing evidence of a “wave” of democratization; countries next to each other differ considerably with regard to their Freedom House scores. This does not mean that democratization has necessarily stalled, but it does demonstrate that the prevailing vertical cleavages along ethnic, racial, or religious lines can make such a transition volatile, as suggested by the cases of Burundi, Mali, and even Kenya. While political competition in mature democracies, typically divided along horizontal group or class lines, tends to generate positive-sum outcomes, such competition in Africa easily turns into “prisoner’s dilemma” games. The uncertainty about the value of cooperation in such situations usually produces political “truces” that are easily abandoned if the costs of adherence exceed the benefits. Against the background of this prevailing political logic, this article calls for a new approach to conceptualizing notions of “institution” and “power” in the analysis of politics in the region.

Response to Slater review ofCompetitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-389
Author(s):  
Steven Levitsky ◽  
Lucan A. Way
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Historical Time ◽  
Hybrid Regimes ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Cold War

Dan Slater offers thoughtful and incisive comments. We respond here to three of his points. The first is that by limiting our study to the post–Cold War period, we convert it into a “period piece,” akin to studies of fascist and communist regimes. Although this may be true, a historically bounded analysis is essential because of the changing character of the international environment. World historical time powerfully shapes regime outcomes. The prospects for democracy and authoritarianism during the Cold War, which was marked by global superpower rivalry, differed dramatically from those during periods of Western liberal hegemony. During the Cold War, for example, nearly all military coups ushered in authoritarian rule; after 1989, nearly 70 percent of coups led to multiparty elections In 1989, single-party rule predominated in Eastern Europe and sub-Saharan Africa; five years later, it had disappeared.

Introduction

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 1133-1133
Author(s):  
Ferande Peters
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽  
Acute Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Acute rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease are important causes of death and disability in low- and middle-income countries. The last decade has seen renewed interest and efforts to study and treat this disease. The contemporary prevalence of rheumatic heart disease has been found to be much higher than previously thought with the emergence of data from echocardiographic screening and novel data from sub-Saharan Africa. In Europe, the emergence of data depicting high rates of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in certain parts of Eastern Europe together with an increasing immigrant population has resulted in clinicians encountering these conditions more frequently.

scholarly journals Ready or Not: Namibia as a Potentially Successful Oil Producer

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Polus ◽  
Dominik Kopinski ◽  
Wojciech Tycholiz
Keyword(s):  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Oil Reserves ◽  
Sub Saharan

The primary objective of this paper is to assess whether Namibia is ready to become an oil producer. The geological estimates suggest that the country may possess the equivalent of as many as 11 billion barrels of crude oil. If the numbers are correct, Namibia would be sitting on the second-largest oil reserves in sub-Saharan Africa, and exploitation could start as soon as 2017. This clearly raises the question of whether Namibia is next in line to become a victim of the notorious “resource curse.” On the basis of critical discourse analysis and findings from field research, the authors have selected six dimensions of the resource curse and contextualised them within the spheres of Namibian politics and economy. While Namibia still faces a number of important challenges, our findings offer little evidence that the oil will have particularly disruptive effects.

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