scholarly journals Investigating Global and Regional Trends of DALY due to Cardiovascular Diseases Using Latent Growth Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad BehnouieHeidari ◽  
Hossein Fallahzadeh ◽  
Ramin Malboosbaf ◽  
Sara Jambarsang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: The global trend of cardiovascular diseases is increasing. This study was conducted to investigate the global and regional trends of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases during 1990-2017. Methods: In this modeling study, the global burden rate of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by years of disability, years of life with disability, and years of life lost due to premature death related to cardiovascular diseases during 1990 to 2017 in 195 countries as the study population, which was extracted from the IHME site. Results: The growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases in the high-income region (growth rate coefficient = 450.85) was higher than other regions and the highest mean DALY rate due to cardiovascular diseases was for Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (mean rate = 106767) compared to other regions. Overall, the growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases in the regions of Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia and Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania was positive and the growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases was negative in Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, high-income countries, North Africa and the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa Compared to High-Income Countries: An Epidemiological Perspective

Global Heart ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Fomonyuy Yuyun ◽  
Karen Sliwa ◽  
Andre Pascal Kengne ◽  
Anna Olga Mocumbi ◽  
Gene Bukhman
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

Export Determinants of Total Leather and Leather Products – Regional Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-93
Author(s):  
Hailay Gebretinsae Beyene
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
High Income ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Economic Regions

This study differs in the period of study and the coverage of terms. The study covers the period before reform from 1980-81 to 1990-91 and, after the reform from 1991-92 to 2004-05, which is an extension of the previous studies, and the whole period from 1980-81 to 2004-05. Regarding the coverage of terms, it focuses on several key factors in analyzing determinants of India's export of leather and leather products, empirically through the application of regression, to economic regions, viz. High Income OECD Countries, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, Middle East and North Africa, South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Other High Income Countries, and East Asia and the Pacific regions. World demand significantly affects total exports of leather and leather products to all the economic regions except Europe and Central Asia, and South Asia. The variables, domestic demand, export promotion policy, India's relative price, the import of leather, allied products and machinery, assume significant importance to select regions. The influence of post-reform period significantly differs from pre-reform and is favourable in the case of export to Middle East and North Africa; and South Asia.

scholarly journals The relative importance and stability of disease burden causes over time: summarizing regional trends on disease burden for 290 causes over 28 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Dyson ◽  
Raf Van Gestel ◽  
Eddy van Doorslaer
Keyword(s):  
Disease Burden ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Disease Study ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background Since the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) has become more comprehensive, data for hundreds of causes of disease burden, measured using Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), have become increasingly available for almost every part of the world. However, undergoing any systematic comparative analysis of the trends can be challenging given the quantity of data that must be presented. Methods We use the GBD data to describe trends in cause-specific DALY rates for eight regions. We quantify the extent to which the importance of ‘major’ DALY causes changes relative to ‘minor’ DALY causes over time by decomposing changes in the Gini coefficient into ‘proportionality’ and ‘reranking’ indices. Results The fall in regional DALY rates since 1990 has been accompanied by generally positive proportionality indices and reranking indices of negligible magnitude. However, the rate at which DALY rates have been falling has slowed and, at the same time, proportionality indices have tended towards zero. These findings are clearest where the focus is exclusively upon non-communicable diseases. Notably, large and positive proportionality indices are recorded for sub-Saharan Africa over the last decade. Conclusion The positive proportionality indices show that disease burden has become less concentrated around the leading causes over time, and this trend has become less prominent as the DALY rate decline has slowed. The recent decline in disease burden in sub-Saharan Africa is disproportionally driven by improvements in DALY rates for HIV/AIDS, as well as for malaria, diarrheal diseases, and lower respiratory infections.

Sultanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan

To facilitate a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the concept of sultanism, this chapter provides a detailed theoretical and empirical literature review. Firstly, it considers the oriental origins of the concept, as applied by Max Weber and others to the Ottoman Empire and a number of South Asian examples. Secondly, it traces the emergence of ‘contemporary sultanism’, as applied by scholars to Latin American regimes from the mid-twentieth century and onwards. Thirdly, it explores the more recent concept of neo-sultanism and the development of a distinct international empirical category of autocratic-authoritarianism which includes: various Latin America regimes; some of the former communist republics of central Asia and Eastern Europe; and a number of regimes in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. Finally, it assesses the need to address the scholarly deficit in applying contemporary sultanism or neo-sultanism to the Middle East, and suggests that the present-day Saudi And UAE regimes may be strong examples.

Transnational Organized Crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-143
Author(s):  
Giovanna Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Transnational Criminal Organizations

Criminal organizations have opened up to profound global transformations, putting themselves on the financial markets and creating a network in Mafia style. The present contribution intends to offer a framework of transnational criminal organizations, starting from defining aspects, normative forecasts and peculiarities, and then describing the Italian mafias and those of Eastern Europe, China, and Nigeria. Through these analyses the author intends to demonstrate how although Italy is the only country to have introduced “the Mafia Criminal Association” ex Art. 416 bis of the Penal Code, other countries also know this phenomenon. China, Russia, sub-Saharan Africa have given rise to mafia-style criminal organizations, even though they have not legally defined them. Today the branching of these associations at transnational level brings out their mafia values and the need to intervene with the legal and investigative methodology that was first experimented in Italy.

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