Transnational Organized Crime

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-143
Author(s):  
Giovanna Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Penal Code ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Transnational Criminal Organizations

Criminal organizations have opened up to profound global transformations, putting themselves on the financial markets and creating a network in Mafia style. The present contribution intends to offer a framework of transnational criminal organizations, starting from defining aspects, normative forecasts and peculiarities, and then describing the Italian mafias and those of Eastern Europe, China, and Nigeria. Through these analyses the author intends to demonstrate how although Italy is the only country to have introduced “the Mafia Criminal Association” ex Art. 416 bis of the Penal Code, other countries also know this phenomenon. China, Russia, sub-Saharan Africa have given rise to mafia-style criminal organizations, even though they have not legally defined them. Today the branching of these associations at transnational level brings out their mafia values and the need to intervene with the legal and investigative methodology that was first experimented in Italy.

scholarly journals Contested borders: organized crime, governance, and bordering practices in Colombia-Venezuela borderlands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana García Pinzón ◽  
Jorge Mantilla
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spatial Category ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Social Orders ◽  
Depth Interviews

Abstract Based on the conceptualizations of organized crime as both an enterprise and a form of governance, borderland as a spatial category, and borders as institutions, this paper looks at the politics of bordering practices by organized crime in the Colombian-Venezuelan borderlands. It posits that contrary to the common assumptions about transnational organized crime, criminal organizations not only blur or erode the border but rather enforce it to their own benefit. In doing so, these groups set norms to regulate socio-spatial practices, informal and illegal economies, and migration flows, creating overlapping social orders and, lastly, (re)shaping the borderland. Theoretically, the analysis brings together insights from political geography, border studies, and organized crime literature, while empirically, it draws on direct observation, criminal justice data, and in-depth interviews.

Sultanism

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-76
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Sub Saharan

To facilitate a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the concept of sultanism, this chapter provides a detailed theoretical and empirical literature review. Firstly, it considers the oriental origins of the concept, as applied by Max Weber and others to the Ottoman Empire and a number of South Asian examples. Secondly, it traces the emergence of ‘contemporary sultanism’, as applied by scholars to Latin American regimes from the mid-twentieth century and onwards. Thirdly, it explores the more recent concept of neo-sultanism and the development of a distinct international empirical category of autocratic-authoritarianism which includes: various Latin America regimes; some of the former communist republics of central Asia and Eastern Europe; and a number of regimes in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Southeast Asia. Finally, it assesses the need to address the scholarly deficit in applying contemporary sultanism or neo-sultanism to the Middle East, and suggests that the present-day Saudi And UAE regimes may be strong examples.

How Global Financial Markets Affect Sub-Saharan Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Deléchat ◽  
Gustavo Ramirez ◽  
Smita Wagh ◽  
John Wakeman-Linn
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sub Saharan

scholarly journals Investigating Global and Regional Trends of DALY due to Cardiovascular Diseases Using Latent Growth Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad BehnouieHeidari ◽  
Hossein Fallahzadeh ◽  
Ramin Malboosbaf ◽  
Sara Jambarsang
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
High Income ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Sub Saharan

Introduction: The global trend of cardiovascular diseases is increasing. This study was conducted to investigate the global and regional trends of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases during 1990-2017. Methods: In this modeling study, the global burden rate of diseases, injuries, and risk factors by years of disability, years of life with disability, and years of life lost due to premature death related to cardiovascular diseases during 1990 to 2017 in 195 countries as the study population, which was extracted from the IHME site. Results: The growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases in the high-income region (growth rate coefficient = 450.85) was higher than other regions and the highest mean DALY rate due to cardiovascular diseases was for Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia (mean rate = 106767) compared to other regions. Overall, the growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases in the regions of Latin America and the Caribbean, South Asia and Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania was positive and the growth rate of DALY due to cardiovascular diseases was negative in Central Europe, Eastern Europe and Central Asia, high-income countries, North Africa and the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Transnational organized crime as a modern phenomenon: definitions and main features

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Olena Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Minimal Risk ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Criminal Organizations ◽  
Crime Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Modern Technologies

The article analyzes the current situation in the world from the standpoint of the spread of such a negative phenomenon as transnational organized crime. It has been proven that by reducing the time of entry into another country, and in EU countries also by eliminating the need for customs control, it is easier for criminals not only to quickly and unhindered to get, so to speak, to another part of the hemisphere, but also to move, hide or hide goods, weapons, etc. In addition, a powerful impetus to criminal activity was given by globalization, the development of modern technologies, in particular, methods, techniques, programs used in modern banking, facilitated the implementation of international criminal agreements, and the electronics revolution gave criminals, including criminal organizations, access to new means and methods of obtaining funds.It is substantiated that transnational organized crime is one of the highest levels of criminal evolution, a qualitatively new form of crime organization, their antisocial, illegal activities go beyond the territory and jurisdiction of one state, and the subjects are sustainable criminal organizations, whose activities and spheres of influence applies not to one but to several countries, neighboring states, regions, etc. They operate in different regions of the world, have a certain specialization, use various methods, techniques (blackmail, intimidation, corruption schemes), and are united by a common goal - to obtain a very high (maximum) profit while ensuring minimal risk.

scholarly journals Beyond the Liberal Democracy Paradigm: A Fresh Look at Power and Institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Hyden
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Liberal Democracy ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Freedom House

Abstract:Compared to political developments in Eastern Europe and Latin America, democratization in sub-Saharan Africa has been more problematic and uneven. Looking at the performance in four subregions—central Africa, East Africa, southern Africa, and West Africa—yields no convincing evidence of a “wave” of democratization; countries next to each other differ considerably with regard to their Freedom House scores. This does not mean that democratization has necessarily stalled, but it does demonstrate that the prevailing vertical cleavages along ethnic, racial, or religious lines can make such a transition volatile, as suggested by the cases of Burundi, Mali, and even Kenya. While political competition in mature democracies, typically divided along horizontal group or class lines, tends to generate positive-sum outcomes, such competition in Africa easily turns into “prisoner’s dilemma” games. The uncertainty about the value of cooperation in such situations usually produces political “truces” that are easily abandoned if the costs of adherence exceed the benefits. Against the background of this prevailing political logic, this article calls for a new approach to conceptualizing notions of “institution” and “power” in the analysis of politics in the region.

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