A Chinese Approach to Land Rights: How Bo’s Chongqing Model Exposed an Economic Reform Program in Crisis

2015 ◽  
pp. 67-78
Author(s):  
Kamyar Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Reform Program

Economic Crisis: Brazil and IMF Reach Accord on Economic Reform Program Backed By $41 Billion in Loans

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Public Finances ◽  
Fiscal Adjustment ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Adjustment Program

We welcome Brazil's announcement of a strong fiscal adjustment program to strengthen Brazil's public finances. It is essential that Brazil implement their program promptly and convincingly.

Extraordinary politics in the Polish transition

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Rose
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
National Elections ◽  
The Public ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Current Economic Situation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Polish Government ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Regime Transitions

Among the arguments for rapid economic reform in transitions to the market in Central and Eastern Europe, scholars have argued that rapid reformers could better take advantage of the period of ‘extraordinary politics’ at the beginning of the transition. Regime transitions provide a unique opportunity for politicians to implement economic reform since the public is more likely to grant the government room to reform. If the public is more likely to give politicians this window of opportunity, politicians should implement far-reaching reforms during that period. I test two propositions in this paper: (1) politicians in office during a period of liberalization will get high positive ratings at the polls which will gradually deplete over time; and (2) at the beginning of the transition, views of the current economic situation will not predict views of politics. I find that approval of the Polish government was unusually high in the first one and one-half to two years of the Polish transition. In the same period, assessments of the current economic situation only weakly affected assessments of politics. After the period of extraordinary politics comes to an end, the relationship between political and economic assessments is much stronger. Thus, in a country with a harsh economic reform program and six contentious national elections within eight years, there is strong evidence that politicians benefited from a period of extraordinary politics at the beginning of the regime.

scholarly journals REKONSEPTUALISASI HAK ATAS TANAH DALAM KERANGKA PEMBAHARUAN HUKUM TANAH NASIONAL

LITIGASI ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
ILYAS ISMAIL ◽  
Tn. Sufyan ◽  
Tn. Azhari
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Program Library ◽  
Library Research ◽  
Data Library

This paper is going to discuss the sorts of land rights recognized by laws and the implementation of such rights and recopceptualisation  related to the land reform program. Library and field researches are conducted to obtain the data. Library research is conducted by exploring the relevant laws and literatures while field research is conducted by interviewing relevant informants. The research shows that there are about 13 rights of the land that can be found in the regulations. Most of the rights on land is based on customary law which has communal concept. However, amongst such rights in the implementation still faces unjust in dividing its benefit, there is a tendency to increase the gap in owning the land and to disobey the need of housing that more complex in the limited number of it; hence the reconceptualisation  is required for the rights.  Keywords: Recopceptualisation; Land Rights; Law ReformABSTRAKTulisan  ini dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan mengenai macam-macam hak atas tanah yang dikenal dalam ketentuan perundang-undangan,  pelaksanaan berbagai macam hak atas tanah tersebut dan rekonseptualisasi hak-hak atas tanah dikaitkan dengan restrukturisasi penguasaan tanah. Untuk mendapatkan data bagi kepentingan penulisan ini dilakukan penelitian kepustakaan dan penelitian lapangan. Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan dengan cara menelaah ketentuan perundang-undangan dan  literatur yang relevan, sedangkan penelitian lapangan dilakukan dengan cara mewawancarai para nara sumber yang terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa paling tidak terdapat 13 (tiga belas) macam hak atas tanah yang terdapat pengaturannya dalam ketentuan perundang-undangan. Sebagian besar hak-hak atas tanah tersebut bersumberkan pada hukum adat yang berkonsepsi kumunalistik. Namun diantara hak-hak atas tanah tersebut dalam pelaksanaannya ada yang masih mengandung unsur pemerasan, cenderung semakin meningkatkan  ketimpangan dalam penguasaan tanah dan cenderung tidak dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan tanah yang semakin komplek dalam keterbatasan ketersediaannya, karena itu diperlukan rekonseptualisasi hak-hak atas tanah.Kata kunci:  Rekonseptualisasi; Hak Atas Tanah; Pembaharuan Hukum

Missing the Target? Policing Strategies in the Period of Economic Reform

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Dutton ◽  
Lee Tianfu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Government Leadership ◽  
Selective Targeting ◽  
Reform Period

During the 1980s, the People's Republic of China experienced a significant rise in crime as well as an accompanying increase in the fear of crime in the general population. This article documents how the Chinese government leadership initially responded to this situation through mass campaigns. The adoption of this campaign style of policing foreshadowed a more fundamental change in the nature of policing in China. The authors show how specialized policing with selective targeting replaced the all round policing of the past. The article documents the emergence of specialized forms of policing for special professions, special populations, and key areas. The authors posit that this form of policing grew out of the demands for security in the economic reform period, but ultimately threatens the reform program by instituting extralegal forms of control.

Back to the Future: The Politics of Economic Reform under the Kim Dae-Jung Presidency

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Hoon Leem
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
South American ◽  
Quality Of Democracy ◽  
East European ◽  
Reform Program ◽  
Capital Outflows ◽  
Shaped Pattern

On the eve of the tenth anniversary of its democratization, Korea was hit by an unprecedented financial crisis marked by massive capital outflows, a sharp depreciation of the won and severe distress in the corporate and financial sectors. Korea's anniversary gift from the interntional community was an IMF conditionality program that imposed a comprehensive package of neoliberal economic reforms. Compared with the South American and East European experiences, economic reform in Korea has been implemented without significant policy obstructions, political instability or social disruptions. Despite much skepticism, the backbreaking reforms quickly began to pay off. The reforms created a V-shaped (rather than U-shaped) pattern of recovery, though more determined financial and corporate restructuring is needed in order for the nation to achieve sustainable growth. And, the quality of democracy has not deteriorated because of conflicts resulting from the economic reform program (neither, however, has it improved).

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