Experimental Investigations for Effects of Raster Orientation and Infill Design on Mechanical Properties in Additive Manufacturing by Fused Deposition Modelling

2019 ◽  
pp. 415-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpendra Yadav ◽  
Ankit Sahai ◽  
Rahul Swarup Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition

scholarly journals Investigation of a Short Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Polyamide and Comparison of Two Manufacturing Processes: Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) and Polymer Injection Moulding (PIM)

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Verdejo de Toro ◽  
Juana Coello Sobrino ◽  
Alberto Martínez Martínez ◽  
Valentín Miguel Eguía ◽  
Jorge Ayllón Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Polymer Injection ◽  
Fused Deposition

New technologies are offering progressively more effective alternatives to traditional ones. Additive Manufacturing (AM) is gaining importance in fields related to design, manufacturing, engineering and medicine, especially in applications which require complex geometries. Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) is framed within AM as a technology in which, due to their layer-by-layer deposition, thermoplastic polymers are used for manufacturing parts with a high degree of accuracy and minimum material waste during the process. The traditional technology corresponding to FDM is Polymer Injection Moulding, in which polymeric pellets are injected by pressure into a mould using the required geometry. The increasing use of PA6 in Additive Manufacturing makes it necessary to study the possibility of replacing certain parts manufactured by injection moulding with those created using FDM. In this work, PA6 was selected due to its higher mechanical properties in comparison with PA12. Moreover, its higher melting point has been a limitation for 3D printing technology, and a further study of composites made of PA6 using 3D printing processes is needed. Nevertheless, analysis of the mechanical response of standardised samples and the influence of the manufacturing process on the polyamide’s mechanical properties needs to be carried out. In this work, a comparative study between the two processes was conducted, and conclusions were drawn from an engineering perspective.

Investigations on 3D printed thermosetting and ceramic-reinforced recycled thermoplastic-based functional prototypes

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571986462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
Ranvijay Kumar ◽  
Inderpreet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Ceramic Particles ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Thermoplastic Matrix ◽  
3D Printed

The 3D printing of thermoplastic polymers (both virgin and reinforced with metal/ceramic particles) has been widely explored in recent past with fused deposition modelling (FDM) process. But hitherto very little has been reported on 3D printing of thermoplastics polymers with reinforcement of thermosetting polymers and ceramic particles. This article is an extension of work reported on thermo-mechanical investigations on waste thermosetting polymer bakelite and ceramic (silicon carbide and aluminium oxide) as reinforcement in recycled acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic matrix for sustainability. The study reports the experimental investigations on mechanical (tensile), morphological, surface hardness and thermal stability analysis of 3D printed functional prototype as tensile specimen (as per ASTM D 638). In the present case study, it has been ascertained that composition/proportion of thermoplastic matrix has a significant role in controlling the mechanical properties, whereas other input process parameters of FDM are insignificant. The results of the study suggest that thermosetting and ceramic-reinforced ABS thermoplastic-based 3D printed parts have mechanical properties at par with unreinforced ABS.

scholarly journals Sustainability in additive manufacturing: Exploring the mechanical potential of recycled PET filaments

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 263498332110000
Author(s):  
Helge Schneevogt ◽  
Kevin Stelzner ◽  
Buket Yilmaz ◽  
Bilen Emek Abali ◽  
André Klunker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Recycled Pet ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Recycled Polyethylene ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sustainable Materials

Herein, the effects of recycled polymers on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured specimens, specifically those derived by fused deposition modelling, are determined. The intention is to investigate how 3D-printing can be more sustainable and how recycled polymers compare against conventional ones. Initially, sustainability is discussed in general and more sustainable materials such as recycled filaments and biodegradable filaments are introduced. Subsequently, a comparison of the recycled filament recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (rePET) and a conventional Polyethylene terephthalate with glycol (PETG) filament is drawn upon their mechanical performance under tension, and the geometry and slicing strategy for the 3D-printed specimens is discussed. Finally, the outcomes from the experiments are compared against numerically determined results and conclusions are drawn.

scholarly journals Impact of Temperature and Material Variation on Mechanical Properties of Parts Fabricated with Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) Additive Manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hossein Sehhat ◽  
Ali Mahdianikhotbesara ◽  
Farzad Yadegari
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Operational Temperature ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract Additive Manufacturing (AM) can be deployed for space exploration purposes, such as fabricating different components of robots’ bodies. The produced AM parts should have desirable thermal and mechanical properties to withstand the extreme environmental conditions, including the severe temperature variations on moon or other planets which cause changes in parts’ strengths and may fail their operation. Therefore, the correlation between operational temperature and mechanical properties of AM fabricated parts should be evaluated. In this study, three different types of polymers, including polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), were used in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process to fabricate several parts. The mechanical properties of produced parts were then investigated at various temperatures to generate knowledge on the correlation between temperature and type of material. When varying the operational temperature during tensile tests, the material’s glass transition temperature was found influential in determining the type of material failure. Among the materials used, ABS showed the best mechanical properties at all temperatures due to its highest glass transmission temperatures. The results of statistical analysis indicated the temperature as the significant factor on tensile strength while the change in material did not show a significant effect.

Effects of vacuum exposure on mechanical properties of thermoplastic materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Rodrigues Dos Santos ◽  
Isla Kalleny Marques Brandão ◽  
Mateus Silva Sant'Ana ◽  
Pedro Henrique dos Santos Alves ◽  
Rana Mayeli Piêgas Taborda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Pressure Oscillation ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Space Applications ◽  
Fused Deposition

The present paper proposes the study of the behavior of three thermoplastic materials: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), and polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PETG), processed by additive manufacturing type fused deposition modelling (FDM) when exposed to low vacuum. The experiment was composed of three moments consisting of tridimensional modeling and manufacturing of the specimens, drying process and vacuum exposure for 24 hours, according to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D6653/D6653M standards, and bending test for the determination of mechanical properties, based on ASTM D790 standards. The vacuum chamber tests exposed oscillations in the pressure indicating gases releasing from the specimen, but none of the samples showed visible deformations. Subjecting the materials exposed to low vacuum to bending tests and comparing them to the unexposed material, we observed a significant increase in the calculated modulus of elasticity and a change in the slope of graphic force versus deflection in all materials. This behavior demonstrates that it is possible to submit polymeric materials to vacuum, and low vacuum exposure can be a treatment for thermoplastic materials. In the future, a study using a spectrometer will be necessary to verify which gases are present during pressure oscillation in the chamber, thus making it possible to understand which factor has increased the mechanical properties of the materials. In sequence, experiments will be necessary to validate the vacuum exposure as a form of treatment of materials and to verify the possibility of applying thermoplastics commonly used in additive manufacturing for low-impact space applications.

scholarly journals Methods for the Characterization of Polyetherimide Based Materials Processed by Fused Deposition Modelling

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Tosto ◽  
Lorena Saitta ◽  
Eugenio Pergolizzi ◽  
Ignazio Blanco ◽  
Giovanni Celano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Test Standards ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Mechanical Performances ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Fused deposition modelling (FDM™) is one of the most promising additive manufacturing technologies and its application in industrial practice is increasingly spreading. Among its successful applications, FDM™ is used in structural applications thanks to the mechanical performances guaranteed by the printed parts. Currently, a shared international standard specifically developed for the testing of FDM™ printed parts is not available. To overcome this limit, we have considered three different tests aimed at characterizing the mechanical properties of technological materials: tensile test (ASTM D638), flexural test (ISO 178) and short-beam shear test (ASTM D2344M). Two aerospace qualified ULTEMTM 9085 resins (i.e., tan and black grades) have been used for printing all specimens by means of an industrial printer (Fortus 400mc). The aim of this research was to improve the understanding of the efficiency of different mechanical tests to characterize materials used for FDM™. For each type of test, the influence on the mechanical properties of the specimen’s materials and geometry was studied using experimental designs. For each test, 22 screening factorial designs were considered and analyzed. The obtained results demonstrated that the use of statistical analysis is recommended to ascertain the real pivotal effects and that specific test standards for FDM™ components are needed to support the development of materials in the additive manufacturing field.

scholarly journals Current State and Challenges of Natural Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composites as Feeder in FDM-Based 3D Printing

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 2289
Author(s):  
Nishata Royan Rajendran Royan ◽  
Jie Sheng Leong ◽  
Wai Nam Chan ◽  
Jie Ren Tan ◽  
Zainon Sharmila Binti Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Critical Discussion ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Current State ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Polymer

As one of the fastest-growing additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM) shows great potential in printing natural fibre-reinforced composites (NFRC). However, several challenges, such as low mechanical properties and difficulty in printing, need to be overcome. Therefore, the effort to improve the NFRC for use in AM has been accelerating in recent years. This review attempts to summarise the current approaches of using NFRC as a feeder for AM. The effects of fibre treatments, composite preparation methods and addition of compatibilizer agents were analysed and discussed. Additionally, current methods of producing feeders from NFRCs were reviewed and discussed. Mechanical property of printed part was also dependent on the printing parameters, and thus the effects of printing temperature, layer height, infill and raster angle were discussed, and the best parameters reported by other researchers were identified. Following that, an overview of the mechanical properties of these composites as reported by various researchers was provided. Next, the use of optimisation techniques for NFRCs was discussed and analysed. Lastly, the review provided a critical discussion on the overall topic, identified all research gaps present in the use of NFRC for AM processes, and to overcome future challenges.

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