Bio- and Thermochemical Conversion of Poultry Litter: A Comparative Study

Pakistan, an agricultural country, raises 146.5 million commercial and domestic poultry birds, which generate around 544,831 tons of waste per year. This waste finds its final disposal in agricultural land as soil fertilizer or disposal site amendment. The usage of poultry litter for this purpose is uncontrolled, which results in environmental degradation such as emission of greenhouse gases, e.g., methane. However, alternative options such as thermochemical conversion of poultry litter can offer better solutions where this waste can be used as a low-cost carbon source for the synthesis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). In this study, efforts were made to utilize this cheap and plentiful carbon source for the synthesis of CNTs in the presence of Ni/Mo/MgO as a catalyst, through pyrolysis. For a better yield of carbon product, the optimum ratio for the catalysts (Ni/Mo/MgO) was found to be 4:0.2:1. Furthermore, the process parameters were also optimized for better carbon yield. A good yield of CNTs resulted from a pyrolysis time of 12 min, a temperature of 825 °C, and a catalyst weight of 100 mg. The structure and morphology of the produced nanotubes were confirmed through X-ray Diffractometer (X-RD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The environmental application of the nanotubes was tested in a synthetic chromium solution in the lab using a batch experiment. Different experimental conditions (pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time) were optimized to improve the adsorption of Cr (VI) by carbon nanotubes and a UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used at 540 nm to measure the absorbance of Cr (VI). The results showed that up to 81.83% of Cr (VI) removal was achieved by using 8 mg of CNTs at pH 3 with 400 rpm at 180 min of contact time. Thus, it was concluded that poultry litter can be a useful source for the synthesis of MWCNTs and thereby removal of Cr (VI) from industrial tanneries’ wastewater.

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Fast Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter in a Bubbling Fluidised Bed Reactor: Energy and Nutrient Recovery

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11092533 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2533 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daya Shankar Pandey ◽

Giannis Katsaros ◽

Christian Lindfors ◽

James J. Leahy ◽

Savvas A. Tassou

Keyword(s):

Soil Amendment ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Fast Pyrolysis ◽

Acid Number ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Nutrient Recovery ◽

Fluidised Bed ◽

Total Acid ◽

Bio Oil ◽

Fluidised Bed Reactor

Livestock production is among the most rapidly growing sectors of the agricultural economy driven primarily by growing demand for animal protein, but also posing significant waste disposal issues and environmental impacts. Moreover, opportunities exist for utilising animal waste at the farm level for heat and power generation (thermal conversion) which can contribute to economic sustainability and also provide a bio-fertiliser for soil amendment. The present study is focused on energy and nutrient recovery from poultry litter using a thermochemical conversion technology (fast pyrolysis). The formation of products (gases, biochar and bio-oil) during the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter was experimentally investigated in a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Pyrolytic gases accounted for 15–22 wt.% of the product. The carbon content in biochar increased from 47 to 48.5 wt.% with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature. Phosphorous and potassium recovery in the biochar were over 75%, suggesting that it could be used as an organic soil amendment. The high ash content in poultry litter (14.3 wt.%) resulted in low bio-oil and high biochar yield. The bio-oil yield was over 27 wt.% with a higher heating value of 32.17 MJ/kg (dry basis). The total acid number of the bio-oil decreased from 46.30 to 38.50 with an increase in temperature. The nitrogen content in the bio-oil produced from the poultry litter (>7 wt.%) was significantly higher compared to bio-oil produced from the wood (0.1 wt.%).

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Performance evaluation of natural catalysts during the thermochemical conversion of poultry litter

Process Safety and Environmental Protection ◽

10.1016/j.psep.2019.09.007 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 131 ◽

pp. 144-151

Author(s):

Daniele Perondi ◽

Christian Manera ◽

Marcelo Godinho ◽

Ademir José Zattera

Keyword(s):

Performance Evaluation ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Thermochemical Conversion

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Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) from Poultry Litter for Removal of Chromium Cr (VI) from Wastewater

10.20944/preprints202106.0325.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Noor Haleem ◽

Yousuf Jamal ◽

Shahid Nawaz Khan ◽

Muhammad Anwar Baig

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Contact Time ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Poultry Litter ◽

Disposal Site ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Environmental Application ◽

Synthesis Of Carbon Nanotubes

Pakistan being an agricultural country is raising 146.5 million commercial and domestic poultry birds which generate around 544,831 tons of waste. This waste finds its final disposal in agricultural land as soil fertilizer or disposal site amendment. The uncontrolled use of poultry litter for this purpose results in environmental impacts such as the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas. However, other options like thermochemical conversion of this waste can offer a better solution wherein poultry litter can be used as low-cost carbon sources for the synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). In this study, efforts have been made to utilize this cheap and plenty of available carbon source for synthesis of CNTs in the presence of Ni/Mo/MgO as a catalyst, through pyrolysis. The optimum mole ratio of catalyst (4:0.2:1) was found to yield more carbon product. Furthermore, process parameters such as temperature, time, polymer & catalyst weight were also optimized. The best possible process parameters that resulted (pyrolysis time (12 min), temperature (825◦C), and catalyst weight (100 mg) good yield of CNTs . The structure and morphology of produced nanotubes were confirmed through X-ray Diffractometer (X-RD) & Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The environmental application of the nanotubes was tested in synthetic chromium solution in the lab using a batch experiment. Different experimental conditions (pH, adsorbent dosage and contact time) were optimized to enhance the adsorption of Cr (VI) by carbon nanotubes and UV-Visible spectrophotometer was used at 540nm to measure the absorbance of Cr (VI). Results show that up to 81.83% of Cr (VI) removal was achieved by using 8 mg of CNTs at pH 3 with 400 rpm at 180 min of contact time. Thus, it was concluded that poultry litter can be a useful source for the synthesis of CNTs and thereby removal of Cr (VI) from industrial tanneries wastewater.

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Kecenderungan Perkembangan Teknologi Gasifikasi Biomassa: Studi Perbandingan di Beberapa Negara

Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Indonesia ◽

10.29122/jsti.v17i3.3434 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Prakoso Bhairawa Putera ◽

Wati Hermawati ◽

Ishelina Rosaira Poerbosisworo

Keyword(s):

Human Resources ◽

Research And Development ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Financial Support ◽

Biomass Gasification ◽

Modern Technology ◽

Thermochemical Conversion ◽

Small Scale ◽

Gasification Technology ◽

Technology Trends

Biomass gasification in one of the modern technology that was developed by thermochemical conversion. This technology has been developed in many countries. This paper gives an emphasis on developments and trends in the use of gasification technology in some countries (Finland, Denmark, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Cambodia), and learning for Indonesia as well. At least there are five things that could be the key to the success of implementation, namely the ongoing and continuous research and development, the involvement of all actors in research and development activities, the implementation focuses on a small scale first, the roadmap plans into the action with a strong financial support, and the human resources support at national and local levels.Gasifikasi biomassa merupakan salah satu teknologi modern yang dikembangkan melalui konversi termo kimia. Teknologi ini telah banyak dikembangkan di berbagai negara. Makalah ini memberikan penekanan pada perkembangan dan kecenderungan penggunaan teknologi gasifikasi di beberapa negara (Finlandia, Denmark, Thailand, Sri Langka, Kamboja), dan pembelajaran bagi Indonesia. Setidaknya ada lima hal yang dapat menjadi kunci keberhasilan implementasi, yaitu riset dan pengembangan berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan, pelibatan semua aktor dalam aktivitas riset dan pengembangan, implementasi pada skala kecil dahulu, perencanaan peta jalan hingga aksi dengan dukungan pendanaan yang kuat, dan dukungan sumber daya manusia di tingkat nasional dan lokal.Keywords: biomass gasification, technology trends,comparative study.

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