scholarly journals Fast Pyrolysis of Poultry Litter in a Bubbling Fluidised Bed Reactor: Energy and Nutrient Recovery

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daya Shankar Pandey ◽  
Giannis Katsaros ◽  
Christian Lindfors ◽  
James J. Leahy ◽  
Savvas A. Tassou
Keyword(s):  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Nutrient Recovery ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

Livestock production is among the most rapidly growing sectors of the agricultural economy driven primarily by growing demand for animal protein, but also posing significant waste disposal issues and environmental impacts. Moreover, opportunities exist for utilising animal waste at the farm level for heat and power generation (thermal conversion) which can contribute to economic sustainability and also provide a bio-fertiliser for soil amendment. The present study is focused on energy and nutrient recovery from poultry litter using a thermochemical conversion technology (fast pyrolysis). The formation of products (gases, biochar and bio-oil) during the fast pyrolysis of poultry litter was experimentally investigated in a laboratory-scale bubbling fluidised bed reactor. Pyrolytic gases accounted for 15–22 wt.% of the product. The carbon content in biochar increased from 47 to 48.5 wt.% with an increase in the pyrolysis temperature. Phosphorous and potassium recovery in the biochar were over 75%, suggesting that it could be used as an organic soil amendment. The high ash content in poultry litter (14.3 wt.%) resulted in low bio-oil and high biochar yield. The bio-oil yield was over 27 wt.% with a higher heating value of 32.17 MJ/kg (dry basis). The total acid number of the bio-oil decreased from 46.30 to 38.50 with an increase in temperature. The nitrogen content in the bio-oil produced from the poultry litter (>7 wt.%) was significantly higher compared to bio-oil produced from the wood (0.1 wt.%).

Utilisation of poultry industry wastes for liquid biofuel production via thermal and catalytic fast pyrolysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Cem Kantarli ◽  
Stylianos D Stefanidis ◽  
Konstantinos G Kalogiannis ◽  
Angelos A Lappas
Keyword(s):  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Bio Oil

The objective of this study was to examine the potential of poultry wastes to be used as feedstock in non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis processes, which is a continuation of our previous research on their conversion into biofuel via slow pyrolysis and hydrothermal conversion. Both poultry meal and poultry litter were examined, initially in a fixed bed bench-scale reactor using ZSM-5 and MgO as catalysts. Pyrolysis of poultry meal yielded high amounts of bio-oil, while pyrolysis of poultry litter yielded high amounts of solid residue owing to its high ash content. MgO was found to be more effective for the deoxygenation of bio-oil and reduction of undesirable compounds, by converting mainly the acids in the pyrolysis vapours of poultry meal into aliphatic hydrocarbons. ZSM-5 favoured the formation of both aromatic compounds and undesirable nitrogenous compounds. Overall, all bio-oil samples from the pyrolysis of poultry wastes contained relatively high amounts of nitrogen compared with bio-oils from lignocellulosic biomass, ca. 9 wt.% in the case of poultry meal and ca. 5–8 wt.% in the case of poultry litter. This was attributed to the high nitrogen content of the poultry wastes, unlike that of lignocellulosic biomass. Poultry meal yielded the highest amount of bio-oil and was selected as optimum feedstock to be scaled-up in a semi-pilot scale fluidised bed biomass pyrolysis unit with the ZSM-5 catalyst. Pyrolysis in the fluidised bed reactor was more efficient for deoxygenation of the bio-oil vapours, as evidenced from the lower oxygen content of the bio-oil.

Regeneration of Pristine HZSM-5 Extrudates during the Production of Deeply-Deoxygenated Bio-oil from Ex-Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass in a Bench-Scale Fluidised-Bed Reactor

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuttapan Promsampao ◽  
Nuwong Chollacoop ◽  
Adisak Pattiya
Keyword(s):  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Bench Scale ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor ◽  
Pyrolysis Of Biomass

Ex-situ catalytic fast pyrolysis (ex-CFP) of biomass applying ZSM-5 catalysts is an effective method for deoxygenating the pyrolysis vapour, thus producing low-oxygen bio-oil in a single step. The catalysts deactivate...

Characterisation of bio-oil from fast pyrolysis of rice husk in a fluidised bed reactor

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Liu ◽  
C J Shen ◽  
H J Wu ◽  
C J Deng ◽  
S Y Liu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

Investigation of Fast Pyrolysis of Brassica Carinata in an Auger Type Reactor

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Sonnek ◽  
Stephen P. Gent ◽  
Gregory J. Michna
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Native Prairie ◽  
Type Reactor ◽  
Acid Titration ◽  
Bio Oil

Fast pyrolysis is one method of creating bio-oil from biomass such as native prairie grasses, corn stover, and other organic commercial and industrial byproducts. In this study, fast pyrolysis of Brassica carinata meal, or simply carinata meal, was performed in an auger-type reactor. The bio-oil produced in the reactor was collected and analyzed to determine the effects of reactor and condenser temperatures on the properties of the bio-oil produced. Five reactor temperatures and two condenser temperatures were investigated in this research. The rheological properties of the bio-oil samples were analyzed, water content was determined with the Karl Fisher method, energy content was measured with a bomb calorimeter, and acidity was determined using a total acid titration test. The aging characteristics of the bio-oil were also investigated at seven days, fourteen days, and twenty-eight days after the oil was created to determine what effect, if any, time had on the its properties. Preliminary results indicate that any reactor temperature above 500°C produces bio-oils of similar composition, although with changes in yield. In addition, the short-term aging results of the bio-oils have shown insignificant changes in total acid number, water content, and energy content.

scholarly journals Production of Bio-oil via Fast Pyrolysis of Cassava Rhizome in a Fluidised-Bed Reactor

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suntorn Suttibak ◽  
Keartisak Sriprateep ◽  
Adisak Pattiya
Keyword(s):  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor

Production and characterisation of bio-oil from biomass fast pyrolysis in a fluidised bed reactor

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Ronghou ◽  
Wang Hua ◽  
Li Tianshu ◽  
Zhang Chunmei ◽  
Wu Lijuan
Keyword(s):  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Bio Oil ◽  
Fluidised Bed Reactor ◽  
Biomass Fast Pyrolysis

Effect of Soil on Fast Pyrolysis Products from Pine (Pinus taeda) Biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujjain Pradhan ◽  
Sushil Adhikari ◽  
Oladiran Fasina ◽  
Hyungseok Nam
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Fast Pyrolysis ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
Dehydration Reactions ◽  
Bio Oil

Abstract. Detrital soil contamination during wood harvesting cannot be avoided without a further cleaning step. The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of Piedmont soil on pinewood pyrolysis products. Ash content was varied at 0.56%, 1.16%, 2.77%, 4.40%, 6.87%, 8.35%, and 15.52% by adding soil to woodchips to mimic the highly soil-contaminated biomass that can be found in biorefineries. This study found that bio-oil yield decreased from 47.1% to 26.3% with an increase in ash content from 0.56% to 15.52%. However, the oxygen content of the bio-oil decreased and the carbon content increased, which led to an increase in heating value from 22.5 to 24.9 MJ kg-1. Inorganics in the soil aided in the catalytic cracking and dehydration reactions for bio-oil formation. A slight increase in the total acid number (106 to 117 mg KOH g-1) and water content (20.72% to 24.99%) was observed with more soil inclusion in the pyrolysis. The effect of soil on biochar O/C and H/C ratios was minimal even though the heating value decreased with an increase in soil content. This study showed that soil (4%wt to 7%wt) in the biomass assisted in deoxygenating the bio-oil and lowered the total mass yield while keeping the total energy yield almost constant. Keywords: Fast pyrolysis, Pinewood, Pinus taeda, Soil, Thermochemical conversion.

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