scholarly journals A Case for Higher Public Spending

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-160
Author(s):  
Yew-Kwang Ng
Keyword(s):  
Private Consumption ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Global Public Good ◽  
Excess Burden ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
Good Nature

AbstractStudies by psychologists, sociologists, and economists indicate that increases in incomes beyond a moderate level are not related to happiness nor significantly with the objective quality-of-life indicators (which increase with scientific and technological breakthroughs at the global level). Yet everyone wants more money. This may be explained by environmental disruption, relative-income effects, inadequate recognition of adaptation effects, and the materialistic bias due to our accumulation instinct and advertising. These factors cause a bias towards private consumption, making public spending, especially on research and environmental protection (with their long-term and global public-good nature) well below optimal. This is made worse by economists’ emphasis on the excess burden of taxation, ignoring the negative excess burden on the spending side. As Kaplow argues, if taxes are raised in accordance to the benefits of the funded public goods at the respective income levels, no disincentive effects are involved.

ECONOMIC POLICIES IN THE LIGHT OF HAPPINESS STUDIES WITH REFERENCE TO SINGAPORE

2002 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 199-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
YEW-KWANG NG
Keyword(s):  
Public Spending ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Excess Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
The World ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relative Standing

Recent happiness studies show that income explains only 2% of the variance in happiness. Quality-of-life indicators also correlate less with income but more with advances in knowledge at the world level. Individuals and nations still engage in the rat race for higher incomes due to the competition for relative standing, the ignoring of the environmental disruption effects, our accumulation instinct, the influence of advertising and peer pressure, and the inadequate recognition of the habituation effect. In addition, economists over-estimate the costs of public spending, emphasising the excess burden of taxation, ignoring the negative excess burden in the public spending side and ignoring the grosser inefficiency of private consumption. These considerations suggest that more public spending in the right areas like education, research, and environmental protection may be much more welfare-improving despite some unavoidable inefficiencies. The restriction of private cars in Singapore may be desirable despite being excessive in accordance to the narrower economic analysis. It may also be appropriate to emphasise non-income factors important for welfare, including freedom and democracy.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of the short-term and long-term results of traditional and original ways of terminoterminal pancreatojejunostomy at a subtotal resection of a head of a pancreas

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
A. R. Propp ◽  
E. N. Degovtsov ◽  
S. A. Nikulina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pancreatic Head ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Subtotal Resection ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators

Aim. Compare the short-term and long-term results of the traditional and original methods of terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy with subtotal resection of the pancreatic head.Materials and methods. The results of subtotal resection of the pancreatic head in 20 patients with chronic pancreatitis with pancreatic duct obstruction at the level of the head are analyzed. In 10 cases at the final stage of the operation, the traditional terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy was performed, in 10 – in the original way.Results. Biliary tract decompression was performed in 65% of patients. The average duration of operation from original terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy operation was 170 min. [165; 180], intraoperative blood loss – 210 ml [200; 240], the average duration of postoperative hospital stay – 16 days [14; 17]; there were no mortality. After 5 years, in all patients who underwent the original terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy, the expressiveness of pain according to the developed ten-point scale was <4 points. Frequency for the first time diagnosed diabetes was 50–60%. The need for enzyme drugs was noted in 37.5–40% of cases. The frequency of complications requiring repeated surgical interventions is 12%, persistent disability – 50%. The quality of life indicators for Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire – C30 exceeded those of the traditional method of completing the surgery by 3.9–8.4% and 9.3–16.7%.Conclusion. The original way of a single-row terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy with subtotal resection of the pancreatic head allows to reduce averages operative time and postoperative hospital stay. The risk of hemorrhagic complications from the resected pancreatic head does not decrease (10%). After 5 years, an insignificant advantage of the original method of terminoterminal pancreaticojejunostomy compared with the traditional one was noted. The incidence of permanent disability was 15% less, the quality of life indicators for the Medical Outcome Study Short Form-36 and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer quality of life questionnaire – C30 were better.

Study of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphorik disorder in Azerbaijan

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1667-1667
Author(s):  
S. Katibli
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Health Program ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Premenstrual Symptoms ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Life Scale

ObjectivesThe study is aimed to investigate clinical and social aspects of premenstrual disorders in Azerbaijan.Methods180 women at the age 20–49 from general population have been included in the research. The study used the Premenstrual Symptoms Screening Tool to assess severity of premenstrual symptoms. The women's quality of life was evaluated with QoLS (Quality of life Scale).ResultsThe most prevalent complaints included sleep disorders, fatigue, irritability and depressed mood. These symptoms affected work efficiency or productivity, relationships with co-workers, relationships with family members, social life activities, and home responsibilities. At the same time short-term presentation of these symptoms had limited impact on quality of life indicators attributed to long-term outcomes.ConclusionsThe activities on increasing awareness on premenstrual disorders are recommended as an important component of reproductive health program.

The Small-Town Viability Question in a Prairie Context

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 903-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Todd
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Small Town ◽  
Population Change ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
Part Model

The phenomenon of population reversal away from major urban centres to small towns is considered in a Canadian context. Specifically, the paper examines towns from the Manitoba portion of the prairies which have benefited from modest population gain in the period 1966–1976. It relates that population change to a number of factors presumed to be influential in this essentially rural nonmetropolitan milieu. These embrace objective quality-of-life indicators, objective measures of economic activity, and subjective indexes expressing people's preferences for small-town living. A two-part model of small-town population change is construed, one part to focus on the relationships between population change and economic activity for the 1971–1976 episode and the second part to deal with the situation pertaining to 1966–1971. The division is maintained in order to trace nonrecursive as well as recursive effects on population change. The preeminence of social as opposed to economic factors is a major conclusion arising from this model.

Quality of School Education – Measurement and Significance

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-291
Author(s):  
Albena Vutsova ◽  
Antoniya Baltova
Keyword(s):  
Education Quality ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
System A ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Objective Quality ◽  
Student Achievements ◽  
Education Measurement ◽  
Basic Quality

For the past few decades, extensive research has been performed on the factors that determine economic growth. Theories vary in terms of classification, underlying concepts, and methodology of assessing those factors. However, all of them suggest that quality of education plays a key role in sustaining long-term economic progress. Тhis article focuses on the importance of measuring the education quality. It outlines certain indicators and methods of assessing student achievements which at the same time could serve as a measure of quality of education. It also examines the effectiveness of these parameters to provide a full and objective quality assessment of a country’s education system. A review upon benchmarking of basic quality indicators of EU countries has been provided as well. The article sets apart the quality of the Bulgarian educational system and proposes measures for its effectiveness.

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of a multi-professional case management experiment in Finnish labor market services

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Klavus ◽  
Sami Ylistö ◽  
Leena Forma ◽  
Jussi Partanen ◽  
Pekka Rissanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators ◽  
Market Intervention ◽  
Psychological Quality Of Life

The study undertook an economic evaluation of a multi-professional case man-agement intervention targeted at long-term unemployed Finns. The cost-effectiveness outcome of the intervention was analyzed in a matched case-control study framework involving a six-month follow-up. Effectiveness was measured by standardized quality of life indicators, and an indicator measuring personal capabilities. Individual level costs were derived from health and social services utilization data. Cost-effectiveness of the intervention was examined in relation to services as usual. The studied labor market intervention was associated with a positive change in the selected quality of life indicators; physical and psychological quality of life improved in the intervention group. Cost-effectiveness in physical quality of life was attained at a willingness to pay of EUR 500 – 700 per effectiveness unit, while cost-effectiveness in psychological quality of life required incremental costs exceeding EUR 1,600. The intervention had no discernible effect on personal capabilities. The study demonstrated that favorable improvements in quality of life could be attained by a rather ‘light’ and moderate-cost service concept. Such well-being improvements may enhance the preparedness for re-employment of individuals with a prolonged unemployment history. However, a longer follow-up of the labor market intervention would be needed to examine the long-term effects on quality of life and employment. Published: Online October 2020.

scholarly journals Education and Economic Growth: Case of Kyrgyzstan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raziya Abdiyeva ◽  
Damira Baigonushova
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
Kyrgyz Republic ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Labor Resources ◽  
Economic Ties

Human capital is the main source of the country's economic development. The quality of human capital is determined by the level of public health and education. Expenditures on education and health care allow increasing the stock of human capital and the productivity of labor resources thereby accelerates the process of economic development in the long term. In this regard, public spending on education plays an important role in the formation of human capital. After the collapse of the USSR, the Kyrgyz Republic experienced serious economic crises. Public spending declined sharply, as transfers from the budget of the USSR to budget of Kyrgyz Sovyet Republic was 8 to 14% of the state revenues. The loss of economic ties and the market with other republics led to the reduced output significantly. Despite crises, Kyrgyzstan is one of the post-Soviet countries that was able to preserve the educational system. The purpose of this study is analyzing the causal relationship between government spending on education and the gross domestic product in Kyrgyzstan. In the empirical analysis, monthly data on government spending on education and GDP will be used from 2000: 1 to 2015: 8, using a cointegration test for the existence of a long-term relationship, built on the basis of autoregression with distributed lags as known the ARDL model.

Quality of Life Indicators in Long Term Care: Opinions of Elderly Residents and Their Families

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Robichaud ◽  
Pierre J. Durand ◽  
René Bédard ◽  
Jean-Paul Ouellet
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Quality Of Life Indicators
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