Tolerance to high concentrations of boron for the amphiploid of Triticum aestivum × Agropyron elongatum

1991 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Paull ◽  
A. J. Rathjen ◽  
B. Cartwright
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
High Concentrations

scholarly journals Assessment of mutagenic activity of toxic waste polygon (Kalush) soil’s chemical pollution by the level of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
V. F. Valyuk ◽  
R. A. Yakymchuk ◽  
L. Yu. Sobolenko ◽  
S. I. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentrations

Aim. To study the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L. with prolonged action on soil xenobiotic seeds of toxic waste storage areas and to explore the level of their mutagenic activity in comparison with the action of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations. Methods. Cytogenetic disorders induced by soil’s chemical contamination of toxic waste landfill of Dombrovsky Quarry dump (Kalush city) and influence of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations were determined in the cells of the meristem root using the ana-thelophase method. Results. Soil’s chemical contamination of the studied objects exhibits high mutagenic activity, which exceeds the control level by 1.8–3.8 times and does not yield to the mutagenic activity of NMS’s moderate concentrations. The high frequency of chromosomal aberrations at the low concentration of hexachlorobenzene in the soil of the Dombrovsky Quarry dumps is a consequence of its complex interaction with natural mineral compounds of the mountain chemical raw materials. Conclusions. The increasing of the spectrum of cytogenetic disorders induced by chemical soil contamination the proportion of bridges and the chromosomal rings testify radiomimetic properties of the mutagenic factors. The increasing of the number of cells with multiple aberrations indicates a high genotoxicity of hexachlorobenzene and the risk of serious genetic consequences in the case of falling it’s into the environment. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., toxic waste, mitosis disorders, chromosomal aberrations, mutagenic activity.

Manganese toxicity in Trifolium balansae, T. resupinatum, T. subterraneum, Medicago murex, M. polymorpha, M. sativa, Lotus pedunculatus, and Ornithopus compressus: relative tolerance and critical toxicity concentrations

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
DGDe Marco ◽  
CB Li ◽  
PJ Randall ◽  
Marco DG De
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Relative Tolerance ◽  
Ornithopus Compressus ◽  
Burr Medic ◽  
Lotus Pedunculatus ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Mn Concentrations

This paper describes the tolerance to high concentrations of manganese (Mn) of pasture legumes that are suitable for the >500 mm rainfall zone in southern Australia. The legumes are lucerne (Medicago sativa), burr medic (M. polymorpha), murex medic (M. murex), balansa clover (Trifolium balansae), Persian clover (T. resupinatum), subterranean clover (T: subterraneum), greater lotus (Lotus pedunculatus), and seradella (Ornithopus compressus). Wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Egret and subterranean clover cvv. Mt Barker and Karridale were included to place the tolerance of the remaining species in the context of other studies.Symptoms of toxicity differed between species. Species ranking (in descending order) for Mn tolerance, and external threshold Mn concentrations (mmol/L), were subterranean clover (1.0), wheat (0.71), balansa clover (0.54), greater lotus (0.51), serradella (0.50), Persian clover (0.25), murex medic (0.24), burr medic (0.20), and lucerne (0.19). Critical toxicity concentrations derived from the relationships of yields to Mn concentrations in whole shoots for each species were as follows (mg Mn/kg DW): subterranean clover (2010), balansa clover (1330), serradella (1080), greater lotus (760), wheat (570), burr medic (440), murex medic (430), Persian clover (360), lucerne (190).

scholarly journals Intermediate fertile Triticum aestivum (+) Agropyron elongatum somatic hybrids are generated by low doses of UV irradiation

Cell Research ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Xia CHENG ◽  
Guang Min XIA ◽  
Da Ying ZHI ◽  
Hui Min CHEN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Low Doses ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum

Inheritance of the blue aleurone trait in diverse wheat crosses

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Keppenne ◽  
P. S. Baenziger
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Marker ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Seed Color ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Doubled Haploidy ◽  
Wheat Lines

The blue aleurone trait has been suggested as a useful genetic marker in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, little information is available on its transmission in diverse backgrounds and on its use to identify hybrid seed. UC66049, a hexaploid spring wheat with a spontaneous translocation that included the gene for the blue aleurone trait (Ba) from Agropyron elongatum (Host) P.B. (synonymous with Elytrigia pontica (Podp.) Holub), was crossed to seven wheat cultivars to test the transmission of the trait. UC66049 was crossed to male-sterile red wheat lines to evaluate the blue aleurone trait as a marker for confirming hybridity. Ba segregated as a dominant gene that was transmitted normally through the male and female gametes. For 6 of 7 crosses with diverse pedigrees, we experienced problems with misclassification of the aleurone color in the F2 seed generation, determined by the F3 seed family data. The blue aleurone trait is a good genetic marker; however, progeny testing may be needed to confirm the F2 genotypes in some environments or genetic backgrounds. Moreover, Ba is useful in determining the amount of controlled hybridity as opposed to self-fertility and (or) outcrossing in genetic male-sterile wheat lines. The use of Ba to confirm doubled haploidy was proposed.Key words: Agropyron elongatum, seed color, genetics, Triticum aestivum, Elytrigia pontica.

scholarly journals Plant Warfare: Allelopathic Effects of Nicotiana tabacum on the Germination of Vigna radiata and Triticum aestivum

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason M Baek ◽  
Olivia J Kawecki ◽  
Krishawn D Lubin ◽  
Jialin Song ◽  
Olivia A Wiens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Surrounding Soil

Allelopathic chemicals in many plants can be released into the surrounding soil and may affect the development of nearby crops. Understanding allelopathic effects can be extremely beneficial for both economic and environmental reasons. The information gained from understanding allelopathy may be used in the optimization of crop rotations. Previous studies have investigated the negative allelopathic effects of Nicotiana tabacum — tobacco, on corn and other crops. Our study investigated the allelopathic impact of tobacco on seed germination of mung bean, Vigna radiata, and organic red fife wheat, Triticum aestivum. Seeds were treated with various concentrations of tobacco leaf solution to study the effects of tobacco on germination of the seeds. The effects of tobacco on the germination rate and percentage of germination were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD tests. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in germination rate at high concentrations of tobacco. Our findings suggest that allelopathic chemicals released by tobacco have detrimental effects on the germination of mung bean and red fife wheat. Therefore, when forming crop rotations, it is important to take into account and understand the allelopathic effects and interactions between different species planted in the same region.

scholarly journals Homoeologous pairing of a chromosome from Agropyron elongatum with those of Triticum aestivum and Aegilops speltoides

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Johnson ◽  
Gordon Kimber
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Telocentric Chromosome ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Genetic Compensation ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

1. Complex hybrids were produced having twenty-nine chromosomes, consisting of one telocentric and twenty complete chromosomes of T. aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), seven complete chromosomes of Ae. speltoides (2n = 2x = 14) and one telocentric chromosome derived from A. elongatum (2n = 10x = 70). The presence of the Ae. speltoides genome permitted pairing between homoeologous chromosomes at meiosis and the behaviour of the two telocentric chromosomes was observed.2. The A. elongatum chromosome was seen to pair with chromosomes homoeologous to those of group 6. There was no evidence that it paired with chromosomes of any other group.3. When the A. elongatum telocentric and those of 6A and 6D occurred in the same configuration it was evident that the telocentrics 6A and 6D were for corresponding chromosome arms, and the A. elongatum telocentric for the opposite arm.4. The average rate of pairing was much lower for the A. elongatum telocentric than for wheat telocentrics. Previous studies had indicated very good genetic compensation of the A. elongatum chromosome for chromosomes 6A and 6D. It was therefore indicated that genetic equivalence and pairing affinity were not closely related in this case. Some implications of this are discussed.

A new α-gliadin gene family for wheat breeding: somatic introgression line II-12 derived from Triticum aestivum and Agropyron elongatum

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fanguo Chen ◽  
Chunhui Xu ◽  
Mengzhu Chen ◽  
Yanhui Wang ◽  
Guangmin Xia
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Gene Family ◽  
Introgression Line ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum

THE CYTOGENETIC STRUCTURE OF A 56-CHROMOSOME DERIVATIVE FROM A CROSS BETWEEN TRITICUM AESTIVUM AND AGROPYRON ELONGATUM (2n = 70)

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Chromosome ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Synthetic Genome ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
Chromosome Segments ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Chromosome pairing was studied in a number of hybrids involving a 56-chromosome wheat-Agropyron derivative, PW 327. PW 327 originated from the cross, Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (Chinese Spring × A. elongatum, 2n = 70). In hybrids between PW 327 and T. aestivum a number of multivalent chromosome associations were formed at metaphase I. These multivalents result from interchanges which occurred among wheat chromosomes 1A, 1D, 2A, 2D, 4D and 6D of PW 327. One chromosome of the Agropyron chromosome set of PW 327 occasionally pairs with wheat chromosome 3B. The rest of the Agropyron chromosomes present in PW 327 do not pair with the chromosomes of T. aestivum. It is proposed that the set of Agropyron chromosomes present in PW 327 is not an intact genome of decaploid A. elongatum but rather a modified synthetic genome combining chromosomes and/or chromosome segments from different genomes of the Agropyron parent. The incorporation of duplication-deletions into synthetic genomes of natural polyploids is discussed and it is shown that the set of Agropyron chromosomes which is present in PW 327 carries at least one such duplication-deletion. Pairing between chromosomes of diploid and decaploid A. elongatum was studied in a 56-chromosome hybrid from a cross between an amphiploid, T. aestivum × A. elongatum (2n = 14), and PW 327. It appeared that at least four chromosomes of these two Agropyrons occasionally paired with each other in this hybrid in which the diploidizing system of wheat was active. The relationship between chromosomes of diploid and decaploid A. elongatum is discussed.

Complex genome rearrangements reveal evolutionary dynamics of pericentromeric regions in the Triticeae

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 1628-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Qi ◽  
Bend Friebe ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Genome Rearrangements ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
B Genome ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Pericentric Inversions

Most pericentromeric regions of eukaryotic chromosomes are heterochromatic and are the most rapidly evolving regions of complex genomes. The closely related genomes within hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD), as well as in the related Triticeae taxa, share large conserved chromosome segments and provide a good model for the study of the evolution of pericentromeric regions. Here we report on the comparative analysis of pericentric inversions in the Triticeae, including Triticum aestivum, Aegilops speltoides , Ae. longissima, Ae. searsii, Hordeum vulgare , Secale cereale , and Agropyron elongatum . Previously, 4 pericentric inversions were identified in the hexaploid wheat cultivar ‘Chinese Spring’ (‘CS’) involving chromosomes 2B, 4A, 4B, and 5A. In the present study, 2 additional pericentric inversions were detected in chromosomes 3B and 6B of ‘CS’ wheat. Only the 3B inversion pre-existed in chromosome 3S, 3Sl, and 3Ss of Aegilops species of the Sitopsis section, the remaining inversions occurring after wheat polyploidization. The translocation T2BS/6BS previously reported in ‘CS’ was detected in the hexaploid variety ‘Wichita’ but not in other species of the Triticeae. It appears that the B genome is more prone to genome rearrangements than are the A and D genomes. Five different pericentric inversions were detected in rye chromosomes 3R and 4R, 4Sl of Ae. longissima, 4H of barley, and 6E of Ag. elongatum. This indicates that pericentric regions in the Triticeae, especially those of group 4 chromosomes, are undergoing rapid and recurrent rearrangements.

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