scholarly journals Assessment of mutagenic activity of toxic waste polygon (Kalush) soil’s chemical pollution by the level of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 293-298
Author(s):  
V. F. Valyuk ◽  
R. A. Yakymchuk ◽  
L. Yu. Sobolenko ◽  
S. I. Sorokina
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosomal Aberrations ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentrations

Aim. To study the frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic disorders in Triticum aestivum L. with prolonged action on soil xenobiotic seeds of toxic waste storage areas and to explore the level of their mutagenic activity in comparison with the action of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations. Methods. Cytogenetic disorders induced by soil’s chemical contamination of toxic waste landfill of Dombrovsky Quarry dump (Kalush city) and influence of NMS’s moderate and high concentrations were determined in the cells of the meristem root using the ana-thelophase method. Results. Soil’s chemical contamination of the studied objects exhibits high mutagenic activity, which exceeds the control level by 1.8–3.8 times and does not yield to the mutagenic activity of NMS’s moderate concentrations. The high frequency of chromosomal aberrations at the low concentration of hexachlorobenzene in the soil of the Dombrovsky Quarry dumps is a consequence of its complex interaction with natural mineral compounds of the mountain chemical raw materials. Conclusions. The increasing of the spectrum of cytogenetic disorders induced by chemical soil contamination the proportion of bridges and the chromosomal rings testify radiomimetic properties of the mutagenic factors. The increasing of the number of cells with multiple aberrations indicates a high genotoxicity of hexachlorobenzene and the risk of serious genetic consequences in the case of falling it’s into the environment. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., toxic waste, mitosis disorders, chromosomal aberrations, mutagenic activity.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic anomalies of winter wheat cells, induced by chemical contamination of the territory of Kalush industrial district

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Morgun ◽  
R. A. Yakymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Chemical Contamination ◽  
High Concentrations

Mass accumulation of toxic waste near inhabited localities has changed some regions of Ukraine, in particular Kalush industrial area (Ivano-Frankivsk region), into zones of ecological disaster. Research on cytogenetic anomalies caused by chemical soil contamination of the territories of toxic chemical warehouses will be useful in determining the level of mutagenic activity of xenobiotics when they enter the environment and potential mechanisms of the induction of chromosome reconstructions by them and mitosis disorders. The aim of the research is to study frequency and spectrum of the types of cytogenetic disorders in T. aestivum L. under the prolonged effect on the seeds of soil contaminated with hexachlorinebenzene from territories of toxic waste warehousing and to determine the level of their mutagenic activity as compared with the effect of moderate and high concentrations of N-nitrozo-N-methylurea (NMU). Seeds of winter wheat cultivars Al’batros odes’kyi and Zymoiarka were sprouted in the soil samples taken from the toxic waste ground of LLC “Oriana Halev”, its recultivated area and the dump area of Dombrovskyi potash ore mine, situated near Kalush city. Hexachlorobenzene concentrations in the soil of the studied areas exceeded CPC by 1233–18350 times. Soil samples from a tentatively clean area of Svatky village, Hadiach district, Poltava region were taken as the control. To study cytogenetic consequences of the effect of moderate and high concentrations of NMU, wheat seeds were kept in a mutagen water solution at concentrations 0.005%, 0.010%, 0.025%. Frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic anomalies were determined in the cells of sprout root meristem using the anatelophase technique. Chemical contamination of the soil exhibited high mutagenic activity which, by induction frequency of cytogenetic anomalies, exceeded the control level by 1.8–3.8 times and equalled mutagenic activity of NMU in moderate concentrations. The highest level of cytogenetic disorders, which exceeded spontaneous indicators by 3.4–3.8 times, was found when the soil contamination of the territory of the toxic waste ground with hexachlorobenzene was the most intensive. Traces of hexachlorobenzene in the soil of the recultivated plot of the ground continue to manifest high cytogenetic activity and pose a threat for the genomes of living organisms. Frequency of chromosome aberrations at a low hexachlorobenzene concentration in the soil of the disposal area of Dombrovskyi mine exceeded spontaneous indicators by 1.8–2.4 times, which is the result of its complex effect with natural-mineral compounds of mining-chemical raw materials. The increase of some bridges and acentric chromosome rings – markers of a radiation effect – among the types of cytogenetic disorders, induced by the soil contamination with hexachlorobenzene, confirms the radiometric properties of the xenobiotic, which were identified at high concentrations of NMU. The increase in the number of the cells with multiple aberrations, induced by the hexachlorоbenzene contamination of the soil holding the studied objects proves the high genotoxicity of the chemical compound and the threat of serious genetic consequences if it enters the environment.

scholarly journals Soil mutagenic activity in hazardous waste site of Kalush City (Western Ukraine)

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 880-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Yakymchuk ◽  
V.F. Valyuk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Contamination ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Cytogenetic Aberrations ◽  
High Concentrations

<p>Frequency and spectrum of cytogenetic disorders in the cells of root meristem sprouts of <em>Triticum aestivum L.,</em> induced by soil contamination with hexachlorobenzene in the territory of toxic waste ground and Dombrovskyi potassium ore mine (Kalush city, Ivano-Frankivsk oblast), were studied. The concentration of hexachlorobenzene exceeded MPC (maximum permissible concentration) by 1233.3–18350 times. It has been established that chemical soil contamination causes the increase of the frequency of cytogenetic aberrations by 1.8-3.8 times. Its highest indicators were found under the most intensive soil contamination with hexachlorobenzene in the areas of toxic waste ground which were not recultivated. Frequency of cytogenetic disorders exceeded the control level by 3.4-3.8 times. The maintenance of high mutagenic activity of hexachlorobenzene remains in the soil of the recultivated area of the ground is confirmed by statistically reliable increase of the number of aberrant cells by 2.6-3 times. It has been shown that soil contamination of Dombrovskyi mine with the complex of natural-mineral compounds of mining-chemical raw materials causes the increase of mutagenic activity level of low concentrations of chemical gene-toxic factors of techno-genic origin, which is seen in the induction of higher level of cytogenic disorders compared with spontaneous indicators by 1.8-2.4 times. Spectrum of chromosome aberrations, which mostly included acentric fragments, expanded due to induced bridges, ring chromosomes and micronuclei. The share increase of the cells with dicentrics, caused by the effect of soil contamination with hexachlorobenzene in the territory of toxic waste ground, confirms the radiomimetic effect, resulted from the effect of chemical mutagen in high concentrations. Chemical pollutants of the soil of all the studied areas show the ability to cause mitosis disorder, connected with the damage of mitotic apparatus. A significant increase of disorder frequency of chromosome segregation can be the result of the interaction of mutagens not only with microtube proteins of division spindle but also with heterochromatin of near-center areas of chromosomes, which is typical for the mechanism of the emergence of cytogenetic aberrations under the effect of chemical supermutagens in high concentrations. The increase of the cell number with multiple aberrations under the effect of soil contamination with hexachlorobenzene in different concentrations proves high gene-toxicity of the chemical compound and the threat of severe genetic outcomes when it gets into the environment.</p>

scholarly journals Effect of increasing doses of Pb and Cd salts for growth and development of sprouts of seed peas (Pisum sativum) and soft wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Valentina Scorbach ◽  
Yulia Kurkina ◽  
Danil Maklakov
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

The aim of the study was to study the effect of increasing doses of Cd and Pb salts on the morphometric parameters of pea and wheat seedlings. The problem of protecting the biosphere from chemical pollution, which is caused by the development of industry, transport, agricultural chemization, and intensive urbanization, is becoming increasingly important at the present time. This problem has become particularly acute due to the pollution of the environment with heavy metals. The most dangerous environmental pollutants among heavy metals are cadmium and lead. As a result, the negative impact of heavy metals on the initial stages of growth and development of seed peas (Pisum sativum L.) and soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

scholarly journals Copper Toxicity on Triticum aestivum L and Lactuca sativa L: Effects on Germination and Growth

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 253
Author(s):  
Stela Gabriela Jelea ◽  
Marian Jelea ◽  
Zorica Voşgan ◽  
Lucia Mihăiescu ◽  
Oana Corina Jelea
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Lactuca Sativa L ◽  
High Concentrations

Copper is necessary for the growth and development of plants, but at high concentrations it is extremely toxic, resulting in growth inhibition and toxicity symptoms. In this study we investigated the effects of seed immersion on Triticum aestivum L and Lactuca sativa L for 24 hours, at different concentrations of CuSO4 x 5H20 (0.05g/L - variant V1; 0.1g/L - variant V2; 0.5 g/L - variant V3; 1 g/L - variant V4). There were investigated the seed germination, root and shoot lengths, tolerance index and phytotoxicity index. The result of metabolic disturbances induced by the treatment of vegetative organs was their growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner.

scholarly journals   Effects of high concentrations of soil arsenic on the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) and rape (Brassica napus)

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Liu ◽  
C. Zheng ◽  
C.X. Hu ◽  
Q. Tan ◽  
X.C. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wheat Shoot ◽  
Soil Arsenic ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
As Stress ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Soil arsenic (As) levels are particularly high in parts of China, where wheat and rape are widely grown. Understanding the effects of As concentration on the growth of these two major crops is of significance for food production and security in China. A pot experiment was carried out to study the uptake of As and phosphorus (P), and the soil As bioavailability at different growth stages of wheat and rape. The results indicated that winter wheat was much more sensitive to As stress than rape. Wheat yields were elevated at low rates of As addition (&lt; 60 mg/kg) but reduced at high rates of As concentrations (80&ndash;100 mg/kg); while the growth of rape hadn&rsquo;t showed significant responses to As addition. Phosphorus concentrations in wheat at jointing and ear sprouting stages increased with increasing soil As concentrations, and these increases were assumed to contribute a lot to enhanced growth of wheat at low As treatments. Arsenic did not significantly affect P concentrations in rape either. The highest As concentrations in wheat shoot and rape leaf were 8.31 and 3.63 mg/kg, respectively. Arsenic concentrations in wheat and rape grains did not exceed the maximum permissible limit for food stuffs of 1.0 mg/kg. When soil As concentration was less than 60 mg/kg, both wheat and rape could grow satisfactorily without adverse effects; when soil As concentration was 80&ndash;100 mg/kg, rape was more suitable to be planted than wheat. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Efficiency of the use of mutations, induced on radiation-contaminated areas, when improving winter wheat cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Yakymchuk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mutagenic Activity ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Yield Capacity ◽  
Crop Capacity

Aim. Breeding of Triticum aestivum L. cultivars requires the development of generically diversified primary material. Induced mutagenesis plays an important role in the solution of the issue.  Mutagenic activity of radionuclide contaminations of the alienation zone of ChNPP and industrial facilities of uranium manufacture was studied to determine the efficiency of their use when developing the material of winter wheat which is valuable for breeding. Methods. The selection of mutants was done using the methods of recording and singling out of visible mutations, phenological observations, analysis of biometric indicators, determination of total yield capacity and its components. Results. Chronic effect of the radiation of radionuclide contaminations of the alienation zone of ChNPP and the territory of uranium ore mining results in the increase of mutation variability of winter wheat by 8–14.9 and 9.8–12.6, respectively. Mutation spectrum included 24.29–49.34 % of those valuable for breeding. Productive mutants, which exceeded primary cultivars in crop capacity by 2.7–6.9 %, were developed. Mutant samples, whose high yield capacity was supplemented with grain quality enhancement or its maintenance at the level of a primary form, were identified. Conclusions. The expansion of genetic variety of primary breeding material due to mutagenesis, induced by radionuclide contaminations, creates the opportunities for its use in hybridization aimed at the implementation of breeding-genetic programs of the improvement of wheat cultivars. Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., radionuclide contamination, mutation variability, valuable for breeding mutations, productive forms.

scholarly journals The Influence of Copper Sulphate on Growth, Morphology and on Anatomy of Vegetative Organs of Triticum Aestivum L

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Stela Gabriela JELEA ◽  
Oana Corina JELEA ◽  
Lucia MIHALESCU ◽  
Zorica VOŞGAN
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Copper Sulphate ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dose Dependent

Copper is necessary for the growth and development of plants, but a high concentrations is extremely toxic, resulting in growth inhibition and toxicity symptoms. In this study we investigated the effects of caryopses immersion of Triticum aestivum L, for 24 hours, at different concentrations of copper sulphate. CuSO4 x 5H20 (0.05 g/L - variant V1; 0.1g/L - variant V2; 0.5 g/L - variant V3; 1 g/L - variant V4). The result of metabolic disturbances induced by the treatment of vegetative organs was their growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Our results suggest that caryopses immersion for 24 hours with copper sulphate in a concentration of 0.5 g /l and 1 g /l induce anatomic and morphological changes in vegetative organs.

Occurrence and Characterization of a UDP-glucose:hydroxamic Acid Glucosyltransferase Isolated from Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Seedlings

2000 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Sue ◽  
Atsushi Ishihara ◽  
Hajime Iwamura
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Hydroxamic Acid ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Major Peak ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Methoxy Derivative ◽  
Cyclic Hydroxamic Acids ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Two Peaks

Abstract Cyclic hydroxamic acid glucosides are present at high concentrations immediately after germination in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Changes in the activity of UDP-Glucose:cyclic hydroxamic acid glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.-) in wheat were investigated using the cyclic hydroxamic acids 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) and its 7-methoxy derivative (DIMBOA) as sugar acceptors. Glucosyltransferase activity on both substrates was detected in dry seeds, with activity increasing after imbibition, peaking in shoots and roots 36-48 hours after imbibition and decreasing thereafter. The transience of glucosyltransferase activity was concurrent with the transient occurrence of the hydroxamic acid glucosides [Nakagawa E., Amano T., Hirai N , and Iwamura H. (1995) Phytochemistry 38. 1349-1354], suggesting that glucosyltransferases regulate the accumulation of hydroxamic acid glucosides in wheat seedlings. Two peaks in activity of UDP-Glucose:DIMBOA glucosyltransferase were detected using a Mono Q column, indicating the presence of at least two isozymes of this glucosyltransferase. The enzyme in the major peak was purified about 1500-fold and shown to be in a monomeric form with a molecular mass of 47 or 49 kDa. The enzyme reacted strongly with DIMBOA, less so with DIBOA. The enzyme of the minor peak on the Mono Q chromatogram, which was also a monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 47 kDa, showed similar substrate specificity to that of the major peak enzyme.

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