Response to selection for grain yield and harvest index in F2, F3 and F4 derived lines of two wheat crosses

Euphytica ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Whan ◽  
R. Knight ◽  
A. J. Rathjen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Selection For

The yield of durum wheats released in Mexico between 1960 and 1984

1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 469-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Waddington ◽  
M. Osmanzai ◽  
M. Yoshida ◽  
J. K. Ransom
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Advanced Line ◽  
Selection For

SummaryTwo trials designed to measure progress in the yield of durum wheat cultivars released in Mexico by the Institute Nacional de Investigaciones Agrícolas over the period 1960–84 were grown in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora, Mexico, during the 1983–4 and 1984–5 cropping seasons. The trials compared grain yield, above-ground biomass, harvest index (ratio of dry grain yield to dry above-ground biomass), yield components, grain-growth rates and phenological characters for eight key cultivars and the modern advanced line, Carcomun ‘S’, when grown at a high level of agronomic inputs and management.The grain yield of durum wheat was estimated to have risen for 25 years of breeding from 3·70 to 8·40 t/ha. The estimated average annual rates of increase in grain yield for the periods 1960–71 and 1971–85 were 251 and 121 kg/ha respectively. Grain yield improvements were based on a linear increase in the number of grains/m2 over the 25-year period, the result of more grains per spikelet. An improved above-ground biomass at maturity was a feature of the two modern genotypes, Altar 84 and Carcomun ‘S’. Harvest index increased with each new cultivar up to the release of Mexicali 75 in 1975, but thereafter the higher grain yields achieved with the modern genotypes were not associated with a higher harvest index. Thousand-grain weight remained steady for the released cultivars but fell slightly for the advanced line Carcomun ‘S’. Improvements in yield were not associated with a longer cropping cycle.It is concluded that a breeding strategy combining selection for morphological characters thought to confer high yield potential, such as a more erect leaf posture and high number of grains per spikelet, with selection for grain yield per se has been successful in improving the grain yield of durum wheats adapted to north-west Mexico. Improvements have come not only in the size of the grain sink and the efficiency of assimilate partition to grain but also in the biomass produced above ground.

Optimal regimes of selection for grain yield and harvest index in spring wheat

Euphytica ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Ellison ◽  
B. D. H. Latter ◽  
T. Anttonen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Selection For

Heritability, correlated response, and indirect selection involving spectral reflectance indices and grain yield in wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Babar ◽  
M. van Ginkel ◽  
M. P. Reynolds ◽  
B. Prasad ◽  
A. R. Klatt
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Reflectance Indices

The objectives of this study were to assess the potential of using spectral reflectance indices (SRIs) as an indirect selection tool for grain yield in wheat under irrigated conditions. This paper demonstrates the genetic correlation between grain yield and SRIs, heritability and expected response to selection for grain yield and SRIs, correlated response to selection for grain yield estimated from SRIs, and efficiency of indirect selection for grain yield using SRIs in different spring wheat populations. Four field experiments, GHIST (15 CIMMYT globally adapted genotypes), RLs1 (25 random F3-derived families), RLs2 (36 random F3-derived families), and RLs3 (64 random F5-derived families) were conducted under irrigated conditions at the CIMMYT research station in north-west Mexico in 3 different years. Spectral reflectance was measured at 3 growth stages (booting, heading, and grain filling) and 7 SRIs were calculated using average values of spectral reflectance at heading and grain filling. Five previously developed SRIs (PRI, WI, RNDVI, GNDVI, SR), and 2 newly calculated SRIs (NWI-1 and NWI-2) were evaluated in the experiments. In general, the within- and between-year genetic correlations between grain yield and SRIs were significant. Three NIR-based indices (WI, NWI-1, and NWI-2) showed higher genetic correlations (0.73–0.92) with grain yield than the other indices (0.35–0.67), and these observations were consistent in all populations. Broad-sense heritability estimates for all indices were in general moderate to high (0.60–0.80), and higher than grain yield (0.45–0.70). The realised heritability for the 3 NIR-based indices was higher than for the other indices and for grain yield itself. Expected response to selection for all indices was moderate to high (0.54–0.85). The correlated response for grain yield estimated from the 3 NIR-based indices (0.59–0.64) was much higher than the correlated response for grain yield estimated from the other indices (0.31–0.46), and the efficiency of indirect selection for these 3 NIR-based indices was 90–96% of the efficiency of direct selection for grain yield. These results demonstrate the potential for using the 3 NIR-based SRI tools in breeding programs for selecting for increased genetic gains for yield.

Shifts in nitrogen and phosphorus uptake and allocation in response to selection for yield in Chinese winter wheat

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Wang ◽  
Victor O. Sadras ◽  
Marianne Hoogmoed ◽  
Xueyun Yang ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
N Nutrition ◽  
Selection For

This study assessed changes in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake and partitioning in response to selection for yield in milestone varieties of Chinese winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). We established a factorial trial combining 11 nutrient–water regimes with three (2013–14) and five (2014–15) varieties released from 1970 to 2005. Grain yield increased at a rate of 0.46% year–1, with no apparent increase in the uptake of nutrients. Nitrogen harvest index did not change, and P harvest index increased at a rate of 0.15% year–1. Consequently, yield per unit N uptake and yield per unit P uptake increased at similar rates (0.4% year–1) at the expense of nutrient concentration in grain, which declined at a rate of 0.47% year–1 for N and 0.31% year–1 for P. No trends in N nutrition index were found. Selection for yield in wheat increased the yield per unit nutrient uptake at the expense of grain nutrient concentration. Further gains in yield need to be matched by increasing N uptake to maintain grain protein. Dilution of P in grain needs to be considered in terms of the putatively undesirable role of phytate for human nutrition, and the need for P reserves in seed for crop establishment.

Early generation selection for milling quality in five bread wheat crosses

1993 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
L O'Brien ◽  
DJ Mares ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yellow Pigment ◽  
Pigment Content ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Early Generation ◽  
Milling Quality ◽  
Early Generation Selection ◽  
Yellow Pigment Content ◽  
Selection For

A milling quality assessment protocol using a 10 g seed sample was developed. Its ability to discriminate between wheats differing in milling quality and its application to early generation selection were evaluated. The procedure reliably and accurately discriminated between the varieties Sunco, Hartog and Sunelg for the flour parameters yellow pigment content, Kent-Jones colour grade and yield. The procedure was applied to progeny of F2 single plant selections from five bread wheat crosses, and heritabilities and simulated response to selection measured in the F3 generation. Medium to high heritabilities were obtained for yellow pigment content and colour grade, while those for flour yield were generally lower and varied considerably between crosses. Results of simulated selection versus values for control varieties indicated that the protocol would result in positive response to selection for milling quality. The outcome for some crosses, however, was influenced by the comparatively high values for the control varieties, whereas the use of a lesser standard gave improved response to selection. The best simulated selection results were obtained from the Suneca/Sunfield cross in which values for both parents exceeded those of the standard (Hartog). However, there was no transgressive segregation for improved milling quality in any cross. Phenotypic correlations between milling parameters and grain yield were generally non-significant indicating that the sequence of trait selection (i.e. grain yield or milling quality) would have minimal influence on the other attribute. The data indicate that response to selection for milling quality would result from application of this protocol to the early generations of a wheat breeding program.

scholarly journals Accuracy of genomic selection for grain yield and agronomic traits in soft red winter wheat

BMC Genetics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
R. Esten Mason ◽  
Jose Martin Sarinelli ◽  
Gina Brown-Guedira
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Training Population ◽  
Soft Red Winter Wheat ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Red Winter Wheat

Abstract Background Genomic selection has the potential to increase genetic gains by using molecular markers as predictors of breeding values of individuals. This study evaluated the accuracy of predictions for grain yield, heading date, plant height, and yield components in soft red winter wheat under different prediction scenarios. Response to selection for grain yield was also compared across different selection strategies- phenotypic, marker-based, genomic, combination of phenotypic and genomic, and random selections. Results Genomic selection was implemented through a ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction model in two scenarios- cross-validations and independent predictions. Accuracy for cross-validations was assessed using a diverse panel under different marker number, training population size, relatedness between training and validation populations, and inclusion of fixed effect in the model. The population in the first scenario was then trained and used to predict grain yield of biparental populations for independent validations. Using subsets of significant markers from association mapping increased accuracy by 64–70% for grain yield but resulted in lower accuracy for traits with high heritability such as plant height. Increasing size of training population resulted in an increase in accuracy, with maximum values reached when ~ 60% of the lines were used as a training panel. Predictions using related subpopulations also resulted in higher accuracies. Inclusion of major growth habit genes as fixed effect in the model caused increase in grain yield accuracy under a cross-validation procedure. Independent predictions resulted in accuracy ranging between − 0.14 and 0.43, dependent on the grouping of site-year data for the training and validation populations. Genomic selection was “superior” to marker-based selection in terms of response to selection for yield. Supplementing phenotypic with genomic selection resulted in approximately 10% gain in response compared to using phenotypic selection alone. Conclusions Our results showed the effects of different factors on accuracy for yield and agronomic traits. Among the factors studied, training population size and relatedness between training and validation population had the greatest impact on accuracy. Ultimately, combining phenotypic with genomic selection would be relevant for accelerating genetic gains for yield in winter wheat.

scholarly journals Gains through selection for grain yield in a winter wheat breeding program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis N. Lozada ◽  
Arron H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Response To Selection ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Wheat Breeding Program ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Estimated Breeding Values

AbstractIncreased genetic gains for complex traits in plant breeding programs can be achieved through different selection strategies. The objective of this study was to compare potential gains for grain yield in a winter wheat breeding program through estimating response to selection R values across several selection approaches including phenotypic (PS), marker-based (MS), genomic (GS), and a combination of PS and GS. Five populations of Washington State University (WSU) winter wheat breeding lines evaluated from 2015 to 2018 in Lind and Pullman, WA, USA were used in the study. Selection was conducted by selecting the top 20% of lines based on observed yield (PS strategy), genomic estimated breeding values (GS), presence of yield “enhancing” alleles of the most significant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers identified from genome-wide association mapping (MS), and high observed yield and estimated breeding values (PS+GS). Overall, PS compared to other individual strategies showed the highest response. However, when combined with GS, a 23% improvement in R for yield was observed, indicating that gains could be improved by complementing traditional PS with GS. Using GS alone as a selection strategy for grain yield should be taken with caution. MS was not that successful in terms of R relative to the other selection approaches. Altogether, we demonstrated that gains through increased response to selection for yield could be achieved in the WSU winter wheat breeding program by implementing different selection strategies either exclusively or in combination.

SELECTION FOR GRAIN YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT UTILIZING SEED SIZE AND OTHER SELECTION CRITERIA

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Large Seed ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Selection For

Four selection procedures, to include random selection, visual head selection by two selectors, selection for large seed size, and harvest index, respectively, were evaluated for relative effectiveness in selecting high-yielding plants in F2 and F3 populations of three crosses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Twenty-five F4-derived lines of the three crosses for each selection method were evaluated for yield performance during 2 yr of study. Selection for large seed size and visual head selection produced more late-heading, tall or high-yielding plants than the other selection methods. A larger number of F4-derived lines in the top yielding 5% and 25% within each cross was chosen by visual selection and by selection for large seed size.Key words: Selection methods, seed size, harvest index, grain yield, spring wheat, visual head selections

Variation in water use and transpiration efficiency among durum wheat genotypes grown under moisture stress and non-stress conditions

2003 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. F. SOLOMON ◽  
M. T. LABUSCHAGNE
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Transpiration Efficiency ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

Durum wheat genotypes with different responses to moisture stress were studied in a glasshouse under moisture stress and non-stress conditions to investigate differences in water use and transpiration efficiency and interrelationships among water use and transpiration efficiency and associated traits. Significantly high genotypic variability in the cumulative amount of water used before (ETba) and after (ETpa) anthesis was observed. Susceptible genotypes used higher amounts of water before anthesis and lower amounts after anthesis. In contrast, tolerant genotypes used a higher proportion of water during the post-anthesis period. Significantly high variability among the genotypes was observed for various measures of water use and transpiration efficiency, total dry matter and harvest index. Ranking of cultivars for water use efficiency based on grain yield (WUEG) and transpiration efficiency based on grain yield was consistent with ranking of cultivars for drought susceptibility indices. Drought susceptibility index was significantly but negatively correlated with harvest index, WUEG and grain yield. However, it was positively and significantly correlated with the ETba[ratio ]ETpa ratio. A high positive correlation of WUEG with harvest index and grain yield with harvest index was found. It was concluded that selection for lower ETba[ratio ]ETpa ratios up to about 0·8 could indirectly lead to improved WUEG and HI, hence improved grain yield. Selection for increased WUEG and/or grain yield would increase yield in water-limited environments.

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