Effects of forest vegetation on spatial variability of surface mineral soil pH, soluble aluminum and carbon

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 929-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan J. Riha ◽  
Gail Senesac ◽  
Eric Pallant
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Vegetation ◽  
Soluble Aluminum ◽  
Surface Mineral

Soil acidity in 1970 and 1989 in a coniferous forest in southwest Finland

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Westman ◽  
S. Jauhiainen
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Water Suspension ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Repeated Sampling

Forest soil pH in southwest Finland was measured with identical sampling and analysing methods in 1970 and 1989. The acidity of the organic humus layer increased significantly as pH values measured on water and on salt suspensions decreased between the two sampling dates. For the mineral soil layers, no unambiguous trend was found. pH values measured on salt suspension tended to be unchanged or lower, while pH on water suspension in some soil layers were even higher in 1989 than in 1970. Key words: pH, repeated sampling

scholarly journals Spatial variability and mapping of soil fertility status in a high-potential smallholder farming area under sub-humid conditions in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Soropa ◽  
Olton M. Mbisva ◽  
Justice Nyamangara ◽  
Ermson Z. Nyakatawa ◽  
Newton Nyapwere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Spatial Dependence ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Spatial Trend ◽  
Spatial Trends

AbstractA study was conducted to examine spatial variability of soil properties related to fertility in maize fields across varying soil types in ward 10 of Hurungwe district, Zimbabwe; a smallholder farming area with sub-humid conditions and high yield potential. Purposively collected and geo-referenced soil samples were analyzed for texture, pH, soil organic carbon (OC), mineral N, bicarbonate P, and exchangeable K. Linear mixed model was used to analyze spatial variation of the data. The model allowed prediction of soil properties at unsampled sites by the empirical best linear unbiased predictor (EBLUP). Evidence for spatial dependence in the random component of the model was evaluated by calculating Akaike’s information criterion. Soil pH ranged from 4.0 to 6.9 and showed a strong spatial trend increasing from north to south, strong evidence for a difference between the home and outfields with homefields significantly higher and between soil textural classes with the sand clay loam fraction generally higher. Soil OC ranged from 0.2 to 2.02% and showed no spatial trend, but there was strong evidence for a difference between home and outfields, with mean soil OC in homefields significantly larger, and between soil textural classes, with soil OC largest in the sandy clay loams. Both soil pH and OC showed evidence for spatial dependence in the random effect, providing a basis for spatial prediction by the EBLUP, which was presented as a map. There were significant spatial trends in mineral N, available P and exchangeable K, all increasing from north to south; significant differences between homefields and outfields (larger concentrations in homefields), and differences between the soil textural classes with larger concentrations in the sandy clay loams. However, there was no evidence for spatial dependence in the random component, so no attempt was made to map these variables. These results show how management (home fields vs outfields), basic soil properties (texture) and other factors emerging as spatial trends influence key soil properties that determine soil fertility in these conditions. This implies that the best management practices may vary spatially, and that site-specific management is a desirable goal in conditions such as those which apply in Ward 10 of Hurungwe district in Zimbabwe.

The effect of wildfire on soil chemistry in four forest types in interior Alaska

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Dyrness ◽  
K. Van Cleve ◽  
J. D. Levison
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
White Spruce ◽  
Available P ◽  
Ph Effects ◽  
Quaking Aspen ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Surface Mineral

Soil chemical properties were studied after a wildfire in stands of white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), paper birch (Betulapapyrifera Marsh.), and quaking aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). Samples of the forest floor and surface 5 cm of mineral soil were collected from burned sites and unburned controls and analyzed soon after the fire. With the exception of soil pH, effects of the fire on soil chemistry differed among the four forest types. Generally, amounts of exchangeable K, Ca, and Mg did not appreciably increase in the forest floor and surface mineral soil except in heavily burned areas in white spruce and black spruce. Fire reduced amounts of N by about 50% in white spruce, aspen, and birch forest floors. In black spruce, quantities of N were slightly higher in heavily burned locations. Forest floor C:N ratios were substantially lower in heavily burned locations in white spruce and black spruce than in unburned controls. Burning did not have a marked influence on supplies of available P in the forest floor, except in heavily burned black spruce, where average amounts were 12.50 g/m2 versus only 0.46 g/m2 in the control. Burning caused more moderate gains in available P in surface mineral soils under aspen and white spruce. We concluded that fire caused marked short-term changes in soil chemistry in the four forest types. How long these changes will persist is unknown.

The 15N natural abundance (δ15N) of ecosystem samples reflects measures of water availability

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Handley ◽  
A. T. Austin ◽  
G. R. Stewart ◽  
D. Robinson ◽  
C. M. Scrimgeour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Site Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Surface Mineral ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
Soil Δ15n ◽  
Foliar Δ15n ◽  
Linear Regressions

We assembled a globally-derived data set for site-averaged foliar δ15N, the δ15N of whole surface mineral soil and corresponding site factors (mean annual rainfall and temperature, latitude, altitude and soil pH). The δ15N of whole soil was related to all of the site variables (including foliar δ15 N) except altitude and, when regressed on latitude and rainfall, provided the best model of these data, accounting for 49% of the variation in whole soil δ15N. As single linear regressions, site-averaged foliar δ15N was more strongly related to rainfall than was whole soil δ15N. A smaller data set showed similar, negative correlations between whole soil δ15N, site-averaged foliar δ15N and soil moisture variations during a single growing season. The negative correlation between water availability (measured here by rainfall and temperature) and soil or plant δ15N fails at the landscape scale, where wet spots are δ15N-enriched relative to their drier surroundings. Here we present global and seasonal data, postulate a proximate mechanism for the overall relationship between water availability and ecosystem δ15N and, newly, a mechanism accounting for the highly δ15N-depleted values found in the foliage and soils of many wet/cold ecosystems. These hypotheses are complemented by documentation of the present gaps in knowledge, suggesting lines of research which will provide new insights into terrestrial N-cycling. Our conclusions are consistent with those of Austin and Vitousek (1998) that foliar (and soil) δ15N appear to be related to the residence time of whole ecosystem N.

scholarly journals Extractable aluminium, iron and manganese in mineral soils: III Comparison of extraction methods

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Raina Niskanen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Extractable Metals ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Extractable Al ◽  
Iron And Manganese

The extractability of soil Al, Fe and Mn were studied in 102 mineral soil samples. The extractants were 0.05 M oxalate (pH 2.9), 0.05 M K4P2O7 (pH 10), 0.02 M EDTA (pH 5.3) and 1 M CH3COONH4 (pH 4.8). In the group of clay and silt soils (n = 51), the Al extracted by the four extractants correlated closely; the r values ranged from 0.91*** to 0.96***; in coarser soils (n = 51) the r values ranged from 0.42* to 0.82***. In clay and silt soils, the organic carbon content and soil pH together explained 50 % of the variation in oxalate-extractable Al, 70 % of the variation in pyrophosphate-extractable Al, 53 % of the variation in pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and 56 % of the variation in acetate-extractable Al. The clay and organic carbon contents together with soil pH explained 77 % of the variation in EDTA-extractable Al in clay and silt soils. In coarse soils, the extractable metals were not closely related to the soil characteristics.

scholarly journals Agroforestri Lahan Gambut Tanpa Bakar

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Fahruni Fahruni
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Management System ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ecological Value ◽  
Macro Nutrients ◽  
Over Time

Peatland agroforestry management that is commonly carried out by the community is the burnt peel system. Where peat is peeled and burned, it is then used as a planting medium. Over time, this system will reduce the land surface. But there is a different system. Through the method without combustion by adding organic material above the soil surface. So as the land surface does not decrease, it will even increase in height. This study aims to (1) determine the ecological value of land with a peel-burn system and the addition of minerals without fuel, (2) determine the effectiveness of the peatland management system. The variables observed / measured in this study were (1) the content of macro nutrients (N, P, K) from the system pattern of management of firewood peel and the management system of mineral soil addition. (2) Agroforestry patterns implemented by farmers at the study site. The results showed that the method of agroforestry without burning provides more nutrients than peeled fuel. Increased soil pH is also higher than burnt peel. This method is more environmentally friendly because the peat ecosystem is maintained and the most important thing is the height of the land surface continues to increase during the exploitation time.

scholarly journals Spatial prediction of soil acidity and nutrients for site-specific soil management in Bedele district, Southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gedefa Sori ◽  
Birhanu Iticha ◽  
Chalsissa Takele
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Southwestern Ethiopia ◽  
Strong Acidity

Abstract Background Understanding the spatial variability of soil properties is useful to tailor site-specific agricultural inputs to enhance crop production on a sustainable basis. This study was aimed to assess and map the spatial patterns of soil acidity and nutrients using geostatistical methods and support site-specific lime and fertilizer recommendations in Bedele district, Southwestern Ethiopia. Methods Soil samples were collected from agricultural land at a depth of 20 cm using grid sampling technique. The semivariogram analysis was performed for accurate spatial prediction and the kriging technique was used for interpolation of soil parameters. Results Soil pH varied between 4.5 and 6.8. Soil organic carbon (OC) content ranged from 0.3 to 5.6% and the mean soil OC density was 0.81 kg m−2. Available phosphorus (AvP) ranged from 0.8 to 38.6 mg kg−1 and nearly 80.23% of the soils exhibited very low to low AvP that could be due to fixation by strong acidity. Soils of the study area exhibited very high exchangeable potassium (K), but very low exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The potassium to magnesium ratio (K:Mg) ranged from 0.2:1 to 10.9:1, while the values of calcium to magnesium ratio (Ca:Mg) varied between 0.3 and 3.4. Among the soil parameters, exchangeable Ca (CV = 54%) and K:Mg ratio (CV = 57.62%) were more variable than other soil parameters. Spatial variability was lowest for soil pH (CV = 10%). Conclusions Major portions of the study site were affected by strong acidity (pH ≤ 5.5). Accordingly, about 89% of the soils require lime that varied between 0.09 and 3.6 tons ha−1. In addition to soil acidity, deficiency of available P, Ca, and Mg were the major liming factors affecting crop production in the study area. Digital soil mapping was used to show the spatial variability of soil acidity and nutrients across agricultural land and applied for efficient lime and nutrients advisory works.

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