Activity-stimulating phenomena caused by field-disturbance in the use of pitfall-traps

Terrestrial Isopods were sampled in four protected Atlantic Forest areas located in Serra do Mar, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 2,217 individuals of six species (Atlantoscia sp., Benthana werneri, Pseudodiploexochus tabularis, Pudeoniscus obscurus, Styloniscus spinosus and Trichorhina sp.) were captured in pitfall traps. The exotic species S. spinosus is recorded for the first time for the Americas. Another introduced species, P. tabularis, previously recorded only from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, had its geographic distribution extended to the state of São Paulo. The most abundant isopods in this study belong to an undescribed species of Atlantoscia.

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Wood Pastures: A Transitional Habitat between Forests and Pastures for Dung Beetle Assemblages

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12010025 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

László Somay ◽

Viktor Szigeti ◽

Gergely Boros ◽

Réka Ádám ◽

András Báldi

Keyword(s):

Functional Group ◽

Animal Health ◽

Habitat Type ◽

Dung Beetle ◽

Dung Beetles ◽

Livestock Grazing ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Assemblage Composition ◽

Beetle Assemblages

Wood pastures are home to a variety of species, including the dung beetle. Dung beetles are an important functional group in decomposition. Specifically, in terms of livestock manure, they not only contribute to nutrient cycling but are key players in supporting human and animal health. Dung beetles, however, are declining in population, and urgent recommendations are needed to reverse this trend. Recommendations need to be based on solid evidence and specific habitats. Herein, we aimed to investigate the role of an intermediate habitat type between forests and pastures. Wood pastures are key areas for dung beetle conservation. For this reason, we compared dung beetle assemblages among forests, wood pastures, and grasslands. We complemented this with studies on the effects of dung type and season at three Hungarian locations. Pitfall traps baited with cattle, sheep, or horse dung were used in forests, wood pastures, and pasture habitats in spring, summer, and autumn. Dung beetle assemblages of wood pastures showed transient characteristics between forests and pastures regarding their abundance, species richness, Shannon diversity, assemblage composition, and indicator species. We identified a strong effect of season and a weak of dung type. Assemblage composition proved to be the most sensitive measure of differences among habitats. The conservation of dung beetles, and the decomposition services they provide, need continuous livestock grazing to provide fresh dung, as well as the maintenance of wood pastures where dung beetle assemblages typical of forests and pastures can both survive.

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Influence of Pre-Sowing Operations on Soil-Dwelling Fauna in Soybean Cultivation

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11060474 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 474

Author(s):

Darija Lemic ◽

Ivana Pajač Živković ◽

Marija Posarić ◽

Renata Bažok

Keyword(s):

Cover Crop ◽

Soil Fauna ◽

Biological Indicators ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Beneficial Insects ◽

The Family ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Natural Equilibrium ◽

Positive Effect

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different pre-sowing operations on the abundance and composition of total soil fauna in soybean cultivation, with special attention to carabids as biological indicators of agroecosystem quality. The study was conducted in central Croatia with six different pre-sowing activities (cover crop, mulching, ploughing, glyphosate, fertiliser removal, conventional tillage). Pitfall traps were used to collect soil fauna in April, June and September. After determining the abundance and composition of the fauna, their coenological characteristics were calculated and statistical analysis was performed. During the study, 7836 individuals of soil fauna were collected. The composition consisted of 84% beneficial, 8% harmful and 8% indifferent fauna. Class Insecta was the most numerous with a proportion of 56%, with most members of the family Carabidae (1622 individuals), followed by the class Arachnida (40%). The number of fauna collected was influenced by the interaction between pre-seeding intervention and sampling date. Pre-seeding interventions that did not involve soil activities did not affect the number and composition of soil fauna at the beginning of vegetation. Mechanical interventions in the soil and warmer and drier weather have a negative effect on the number and composition of soil fauna. As the season progresses, the influence of pre-sowing activities on soil fauna in soybean crops decreases. It seems that a reduction in mechanical activities in the shallow seed layer of the soil has a positive effect on species richness or diversity. Of particular note is the large proportion of beneficial insects that currently colonise the study area, characterising soil richness and stable natural equilibrium.

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Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of the Sellar Region with a 5-Year Medical History: Case Report and Literature Review

Pediatric Neurosurgery ◽

10.1159/000515517 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Dekui Cheng ◽

Fengyu Yang ◽

Ziji Li ◽

Fan Qv ◽

Wei Liu

Keyword(s):

Medical History ◽

Pediatric Population ◽

Benign Lesion ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma ◽

Epithelial Tissue ◽

Sellar Region ◽

Optic Chiasma ◽

Suprasellar Region ◽

Field Disturbance

Introduction: Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region is a rare benign lesion, and there are few cases reported in children. Its histogenesis is controversial, and it is difficult to strictly differentiate it from craniopharyngioma (CP), Rathke’s cleft cyst, or pituitary adenoma. Case Presentation: A 16-year-old boy presented with a rare xanthogranuloma of the sellar region after complaining of retardation of growth 5 years previously. The ophthalmologic evaluation revealed no visual field disturbance. Endocrinological examination revealed hypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intrasellar mass extending into the suprasellar region and compressing the optic chiasma, which appeared mixed signals on T1-weighted images. Endonasal transsphenoidal resection of the tumor was performed. Histological analysis of the tumor sections demonstrated granulomatous tissue with cholesterol clefts, hemosiderin deposits, fibrous tissues, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocyte. Thus, the tumor was pathologically diagnosed as xanthogranuloma of the sellar region, which is different from adamantinomatous CP. There was no epithelial tissue in any part of the tumor including tumor capsule but have focal necrosis and calcification. His endocrinological dysfunction did not recover, so a hormonal replacement was continuously required. Conclusion: Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region is a rare entity but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions of the sellar region, even in pediatric population. We should think about this disease when dealing with children with stunted growth accompanied by a long medical history. Our case demonstrates the natural progression of the disease, suggesting that xanthogranuloma of the sellar region without epithelial components may be an independent disease.

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Analysis of capture efficiency of pitfall traps for the National Ecosystem Survey of Korea

Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity ◽

10.1016/j.japb.2021.07.005 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dosung Kim ◽

Young-Bok Cho ◽

Jung Lark Kim ◽

Eui jeong Hong ◽

Chulgoo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Capture Efficiency ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Ecosystem Survey

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Effects of human‐dominated landscape on the community structure of silphid and dung beetles collected by carrion pitfall traps

Entomological Science ◽

10.1111/ens.12466 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kyosuke Shizukuda ◽

Masayuki U. Saito

Keyword(s):

Community Structure ◽

Dung Beetles ◽

Pitfall Traps

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Checklist of lizards of the Juruti, state of Pará, Brazil

Check List ◽

10.15560/9.1.42 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ana Lúcia Costa Prudente ◽

Fernanda Magalhães ◽

Alessandro Menks ◽

João Fabrício De Melo Sarmento

Keyword(s):

Sampling Methods ◽

Abundant Species ◽

The Other ◽

Sampling Effort ◽

Pitfall Traps ◽

Lizard Species ◽

Species List ◽

The Road ◽

On The Road

We present the first lizard species list for the municipality of Juruti, state of Pará, Brazil. The list was drawn up as a result of data obtained from specimens deposited in the Herpetological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi and from inventories conducted in 2008-2011. Sampling methods included pitfall traps with drift fences and time constrained searches. We considered the data collected by other researchers, incidental encounters and records of dead individuals on the road. We recorded 33 species, 26 genera and ten families. Norops tandai was the most abundant species. Compared with the other regions of Amazonia, the region of Juruti presented a large number of lizards. However, further studies with an increase in the sampling effort, could prove this area to be richer in lizards than that observed so far.

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The use of magneto-acoustic oscillations as a plama diagnostic technique

Journal of Plasma Physics ◽

10.1017/s0022377800009685 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 373-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

J. J. B. Frommelt ◽

Ieuan R. Jones

Keyword(s):

Diagnostic Technique ◽

Theoretical Description ◽

Magnetized Plasma ◽

Plasma Diagnostic ◽

Acoustic Oscillations ◽

Radial Profiles ◽

Free Parameters ◽

Field Disturbance ◽

Neutral Cross Section ◽

Afterglow Plasma

A theoretical and experimental investigation of the forced radial magnetoacoustic oscillations of a magnetized plasma column is presented in this paper. Forced magneto-acoustic oscillations of a magnetized argon afterglow plasma are generated continuously by passing an RF current through a solenoid wrapped around the discharge tube. The radial variation of the amplitude of the magnetic field disturbance [bz(r)] associated with these oscillations is measured at various times during the decay of the afterglow plasma. A theoretical description of these oscillations is developed in which the collision frequencies between the various plasma constituents are treated as free parameters. The values of these free parameters at any given instant during the decay of the plasma are determined by fitting computed bz{r) radial profiles to the measured ones. The electron temperature Te, and the ion-neutral cross section for momentum transfer QD are deduced from these collision frequencies. The reliability of this plasma diagnostic technique is demonstrated by its ability to yield values for Te and QD which compare favourably with the results obtained by other workers.

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