Comparison of imo and Humphrey field analyzer perimeters in glaucomatous eyes

AIM: To compare the imo perimeter, a new portable head-mounted perimeter unit that enables both eyes to be examined quickly and simultaneously, with the Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) perimeter to investigate correlations and their diagnostic ability in glaucomatous eyes. METHODS: The performance of the equipment in 128 glaucomatous eyes and 40 normal eyes were tested. We investigated the correlations of mean deviation, pattern standard deviation, visual field index, and the sensitivity. RESULTS: Measurements of mean deviation (r=0.886, P<0.001), pattern standard deviation (r=0.814, P<0.001), and visual field index (r=0.871, P<0.001) in both perimeters were strongly and positively correlated. The sensitivities in the imo perimeter were 80.5% for mean deviation, 81.2% for pattern standard deviation, and 80.5% in visual field index; those in the HFA were 63.3% for mean deviation, 74.5% for pattern standard deviation, and 80.5% for visual field index. Both perimeters demonstrated high diagnostic ability. CONCLUSION: The parameters by the imo and HFA in glaucomatous eyes show strong positive correlations with favorable sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic ability. However, the difference between imo and HFA results increases with the increase in visual field disturbance.

Influence of different types of ionospheric disturbances on GPS signals at polar latitudes

The comparative research of the influence of different types of auroral particle precipitation and polar cap patches (PCPs) on the global positioning system (GPS) signals disturbances in the polar ionosphere was done. For this purpose, we use the GPS scintillation receivers at Ny-Ålesund and Skibotn, operated by the University of Oslo. The presence of the auroral particle precipitation and polar cap patches was determined by using data from the EISCAT 42m radar on Svalbard. The optical aurora observations in 557.7 and 630.0 nm spectrum lines on Svalbard were used as well for the detection of ionospheric disturbances. The cusp identification was done with using SuperDARN (Hankasalmi) data. We consider events when the simultaneous EISCAT 42m and GPS data were available for the years 2010–2017, and in this paper we present, in detail, typical examples describing the overall picture, and we present the statistics for 120 events. We considered the dayside/cusp precipitation, substorm precipitation, daytime and nighttime PCPs, and precipitation associated with the interplanetary shock wave arrival. We demonstrate that substorm-associated precipitation (even without PCPs) can lead to a strong GPS phase (σϕ) scintillations up to ∼ 1.5–3 radians, which is much stronger than those usually produced by other types of considered ionosphere disturbances. The value of the substorm-phase scintillations in general correlate with the value of the geomagnetic field disturbance. But sometimes even a small geomagnetic substorm, when combined with the PCPs, produces quite strong phase scintillations. Cusp phase scintillations are lower than dayside PCPs scintillations. PCPs can lead to stronger ROT (rate of total electron content) variations than other types of ionosphere disturbances. So our observations suggest that the substorms and PCPs, being different types of the high-latitude disturbances, lead to the development of different types and scales of ionospheric irregularities.

Imaging signatures in optic nerve head melanocytoma

Optic nerve head melanocytoma is a benign pigmented lesion which is generally asymptomatic, however it can sometimes be related with visual field disturbance. In most cases the tumor stays stable for the duration of the life. Rarely 1-2% of such cases undergo a malignant transformation, hence serial monitoring is necessary. We report an instance of optic nerve head melanocytoma in a 30-year-old male with characteristic imaging signatures.

Juvenile Xanthogranuloma of the Sellar Region with a 5-Year Medical History: Case Report and Literature Review

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region is a rare benign lesion, and there are few cases reported in children. Its histogenesis is controversial, and it is difficult to strictly differentiate it from craniopharyngioma (CP), Rathke’s cleft cyst, or pituitary adenoma. <b><i>Case Presentation:</i></b> A 16-year-old boy presented with a rare xanthogranuloma of the sellar region after complaining of retardation of growth 5 years previously. The ophthalmologic evaluation revealed no visual field disturbance. Endocrinological examination revealed hypopituitarism. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an intrasellar mass extending into the suprasellar region and compressing the optic chiasma, which appeared mixed signals on T1-weighted images. Endonasal transsphenoidal resection of the tumor was performed. Histological analysis of the tumor sections demonstrated granulomatous tissue with cholesterol clefts, hemosiderin deposits, fibrous tissues, multinucleated giant cells, and lymphocyte. Thus, the tumor was pathologically diagnosed as xanthogranuloma of the sellar region, which is different from adamantinomatous CP. There was no epithelial tissue in any part of the tumor including tumor capsule but have focal necrosis and calcification. His endocrinological dysfunction did not recover, so a hormonal replacement was continuously required. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Xanthogranuloma of the sellar region is a rare entity but must be considered in the differential diagnosis of lesions of the sellar region, even in pediatric population. We should think about this disease when dealing with children with stunted growth accompanied by a long medical history. Our case demonstrates the natural progression of the disease, suggesting that xanthogranuloma of the sellar region without epithelial components may be an independent disease.

Transverse Distribution of the Streamwise Velocity for the Open-channel Flow With Floating Vegetated Islands

Floating vegetation islands (FVIs) have been widely utilized in various river ecological restoration projects due to their ability to purify pollutants. FVIs float at the surface of shallow pools with their roots unanchored in the sediment. Biofilm formed by roots under islands filters nutrients and particles in the water flowing through it. Flow field disturbance will occur and transverse distribution of flow velocity will change due to the existence of FVIs. Transport efficiency of suspended solids, nutrients, and pollutants will also be altered. A modified analytical model that considers effects of boundary friction, drag force of vegetation, transverse shear turbulence, and secondary flow is established to predict transverse variation of depth-averaged streamwise velocity for the open-channel flow with FVIs using Shiono and Knight method. The simulation results with suitable boundary conditions successfully predicted lateral profile of the depth-averaged streamwise velocity compared with the experimental results of symmetrical and unsymmetrical arrangements of FVIs. Hence, the presented model can provide guidance for investigating flow characteristics of rivers with FVIs.

A Case of 40-Year-Old Male with Onodi Cell Mucocele

Sphenoethmoidal (Onodi) cells originate from the ethmoid sinus and are located at the posterior and lateral direction. The obstruction of the sinus ostium leads to the accumulation of mucous fluid and eventually leads to the formation of a mucocele. Onodi cell mucoceles can cause visual loss or disturbance due to the adjacency to the orbital apex. Here we report a case of Onodi cell mucocele with a visual field disturbance, where the patient underwent an endoscopic sinus surgery 12 days after the initial symptom. After 21 days of onset, the subjective symptom started to subside. For Onodi cell mucocele patients with visual disturbance, we recommend rapid diagnosis with computed tomography and early marsupialization of the mucocele.

A Review Of The Linear Response Function In Condensed Matter Physics And Their Application In Some Elementary Processes

Linear response theory in quantum theory with its linear response function and its quantization process has been formulated. The relation between the linear response function with its generalized susceptibility, its symmetry properties, and its analyticity has been studied. These properties produce the dispersion relation or Kramers-Kronig relation. The explicit form of the quantum response function and generalized susceptibility also been reviewed. Applications of linear response functions have been described for three elementary processes. The process discussed is the magnetic field disturbance in the magnetic system that generates magnetic susceptibility, and the electric field disturbance in the electrical system that generates electrical conductivity tensor and the ferromagnet Heisenberg that generates its generalized susceptibility.