Vectorial electron transport in Degulfovibrio vulgaris (Marburg) growing on hydrogen plus sulfate as sole energy source

1980 ◽  
Vol 125 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Werner Badzjong ◽  
Rudolf K. Thauer
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Sole Energy

MARINE THIOBACILLI: II. CULTURE AND ULTRASTRUCTURE

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1529-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Tilton ◽  
G. J. Stewart ◽  
G. E. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Nuclear Material ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Mineral Sulfides ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Sole Energy

Gram-negative, polar-flagellated bacteria isolated from the Atlantic Ocean using thiosulfate or elemental sulfur as the sole energy source are considered members of the genus Thiobacillus. These cultures require seawater in the medium although they grow optimally when the salinity is reduced to a range of 6.4 to 25.8 p.p.t. There is no growth at 0 salinity and a 25–30% reduction of thiosulfate oxidation in 3 weeks is observed at 18 °C in a salinity of 32.3 p.p.t. The pH of the medium decreased from 7.2 or 5.6 to a final pH of 2–3. One culture decreased the pH to only 5.0 while oxidizing 80% of the thiosulfate. One representative culture, WH-2, was able to oxidize only thiosulfate and elemental sulfur from a series of substrates including tetrathionate, sulfite, sulfur-containing amino acids, and mineral sulfides. This culture is a strict aerobe and did not grow in the presence of 0.01% yeast extract, 2216E, or nutrient broth.The ultrastructure of culture WH-2 indicates that it is very similar to that of Thiobacillus thioosidans. The cells indicate a substantial cell envelope, cytomembranes, electron-dense fibrillar nuclear material, unknown granules, and distinct polyphosphate granules.

Enzymes of agmatine degradation and the control of their synthesis in Streptococcus faecalis

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 676-681
Author(s):  
J P Simon ◽  
V Stalon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Catabolite Repression ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Agmatine Deiminase ◽  
Sole Energy

Streptococcus faecalis ATCC 11700 uses agmatine as its sole energy source for growth. Agmatine deiminase and putrescine carbamoyltransferase are coinduced by growth on agmatine. Glucose and arginine were found to exert catabolite repression on the agmatine deiminase pathway. Four mutants unable to utilize agmatine as an energy source, isolated from the wild-type strain, exhibited three distinct phenotypes. Two of these strains showed essentially no agmatine deiminase, one mutant showed negligible activity of putrescine carbamoyltransferase, and one mutant was defective in both activities. Two carbamate kinases are present in S. faecalis, one belonging to the arginine deiminase pathway, the other being induced by growth on agmatine. These two enzymes have the same molecular weight, 82,000, and seem quite different in size from the kinases isolated from other streptococci.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Quorum-Sensing Signals by Variovorax paradoxus

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (24) ◽  
pp. 6921-6926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared R. Leadbetter ◽  
E. P. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Acyl Homoserine Lactone ◽  
Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Variovorax Paradoxus ◽  
Acyl Homoserine Lactones ◽  
Quorum Sensing Signals ◽  
Sole Energy

ABSTRACT Acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HSLs) serve as dedicated cell-to-cell signaling molecules in many species of the classProteobacteria. We have addressed the question of whether these compounds can be degraded biologically. A motile, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from soil based upon its ability to utilizeN-(3-oxohexanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone as the sole source of energy and nitrogen. The bacterium was classified as a strain of Variovorax paradoxus. TheV. paradoxus isolate was capable of growth on all of the acyl-HSLs tested. The molar growth yields correlated with the length of the acyl group. HSL, a product of acyl-HSL metabolism, was used as a nitrogen source, but not as an energy source. Cleavage and partial mineralization of the HSL ring were demonstrated by using radiolabeled substrate. This study indicates that some strains of V. paradoxus degrade and grow on acyl-HSL signals as the sole energy and nitrogen sources. This study provides clues about the metabolic pathway of acyl-HSL degradation by V. paradoxus.

Recovery of a marine chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium from long-term energy-source deprivation

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1347-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian H. Johnstone ◽  
Ronald D. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Stored Energy ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Number Of Cells ◽  
Reducing Potential

The marine chemolithotrophic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas crytolerans was monitored during recovery after 5 weeks of energy-source deprivation. The organism responded immediately to the addition of [Formula: see text], producing [Formula: see text] at a constant rate. The cells used stored energy sources (ATP) and reducing equivalents (possibly NAD(P)H + H+) to immediately begin biosynthesis. However, these sources were quickly exhausted. Consequently, anabolism (14CO2 incorporation) decreased until levels of ATP and reducing potential were increased through oxidation of [Formula: see text]. Electron transport system activity steadily increased after the addition of [Formula: see text]. The increases in activities were greater than the increase in the total number of cells, suggesting that the increase in activity of the whole culture was due to either a physiological change in each cell or a reactivation of cells which had entered dormancy during energy-source deprivation. These results indicate that N. cryotolerans is well adapted to oligotrophic environments.

scholarly journals Cross-Feeding between Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and Acetate-Converting, Butyrate-Producing Colon Bacteria during Growth on Oligofructose

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 7835-7841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwen Falony ◽  
Angeliki Vlachou ◽  
Kristof Verbrugghe ◽  
Luc De Vuyst
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Acetate Production ◽  
Simultaneous Degradation ◽  
Sole Energy

ABSTRACT In vitro coculture fermentations of Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and two acetate-converting, butyrate-producing colon bacteria, Anaerostipes caccae DSM 14662 and Roseburia intestinalis DSM 14610, with oligofructose as the sole energy source, were performed to study interspecies interactions. Two clearly distinct types of cross-feeding were identified. A. caccae DSM 14662 was not able to degrade oligofructose but could grow on the fructose released by B. longum BB536 during oligofructose breakdown. R. intestinalis DSM 14610 could degrade oligofructose, but only after acetate was added to the medium. Detailed kinetic analyses of oligofructose breakdown by the last strain revealed simultaneous degradation of the different chain length fractions, in contrast with the preferential degradation of shorter fractions by B. longum BB536. In a coculture of both strains, initial oligofructose degradation and acetate production by B. longum BB536 took place, which in turn also allowed oligofructose breakdown by R. intestinalis DSM 14610. These and similar cross-feeding mechanisms could play a role in the colon ecosystem and contribute to the combined bifidogenic/butyrogenic effect observed after addition of inulin-type fructans to the diet.

Polyvinyl Chloride Biodegradation Fuels Survival of Invasive Insect Larva and Intestinal Degrading Strain of Klebsiella

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Zhang ◽  
Haoran Peng ◽  
Dongchen Yang ◽  
Jinlin Zhang ◽  
Feng Ju
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Degradation ◽  
Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Pvc Film ◽  
Insect Larva ◽  
Sole Energy

Microbial degradation of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is eco-friendly and economically attractive, but extremely challenging due to the lack of mechanistic understanding on the degrading strains and enzymes. Motivated by an accidental discovery that the larva of an agricultural invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, effectively survived solely on PVC film, we profiled the intestinal microbiota of S. frugiperda and screened for PVC-degrading strains. The results showed PVC film feeding significantly changed the larvae intestinal microbiota through selective enrichment of Enterococcus, Ochrobactrum and Klebsiella. From the larva intestines, we isolated and named a biofilm-forming strain EMBL-1, and experimentally verified it as the first Klebsiella bacterium that can actively degrade and utilize PVC based on various classic physicochemical and morphological analyses. We further used multi-omics analyses that complementarily integrate whole genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic insights to identify enzyme-coding genes responsible for PVC degradation and proposed a putative biodegradation pathway by the bacterial strain. All in all, both S. frugiperda and its intestinal strain EMBL-1 are discovered to effectively survive on PVC film by exploiting its polymer as a sole energy source. Moreover, this work exemplifying PVC biodegradation provides reference for discovering more degrading microbes and enzymatic resources of other recalcitrant plastics.

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