The impact of recreation in the Black Sea region on surface and sea water quality ? Sochi case study

GeoJournal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
G. M. Chernogaeva ◽  
E. K. Fedorov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals BLACK SEA SECURITY AND ASYMMETRIC MILITARY THREATS IN THE 21ST CENTURY: NEW TRENDS AND NEW CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (72) ◽  
pp. 223-235
Author(s):  
Vakhtang MAISAIA
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Security Studies ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Background Spectrum ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Critical Security Studies ◽  
Copenhagen School ◽  
The Impact

The Black Sea region is increasingly becoming a priority on the international agenda. In fact, a regional approach is emerging as actors understand that common problems need tobe addressed jointly. Nevertheless, cooperation efforts are hampered by a number of factors, such as uneven economic and political development within and among countries, nationalist forces, and longstanding animosities between regional players. In this context, it is imperative to foster sound policies aimed at strengthening dialogue and cooperation so as to contain and ultimately resolve conflicts with peaceful means. However, there is little policy-oriented research on the challenges and opportunities for cooperation in the Black Sea region. The purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of terrorism and its dangers towards the Black Sea region. The work also describes the significance of international terrorism and its general definitions. Besides, the result and findings are based on theoretical studies and assumptions and the result of the analysis of the "Case Study" of the Black Sea region. Case study examines how the Black Sea region influences the spread of terrorism and what threats it poses for this region. Furthermore, the aspects of what makes the region important on international arena are analyzed and the existent and potential security issues are examined, as well as strategicimportance of the region for the EU and NATO is analyzed even from academic framework –“Securitization” theory322. The theory is based on security studies conceptual background and the background spectrum includes: the Copenhagen School and Critical security studies as the type323.Keywords: Black Sea region, Copenhagen School, Critical security studies, Securitization,NATO, EU, Georgia’s national security

THE ECONOMIC-MILITARY IMPORTANCE OF THE BLACK SEA – NORTH SEA CORRIDOR FOR ENSURING STABILITY IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-146
Author(s):  
Valentin-Costinel TOTIR ◽  
Roxana ALEXANDRU
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Southeast Europe ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
South Eastern Europe ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: During history, the main channel of communication and cooperation between countries was through commerce and, consequently, through transport. Among all the transport ways, the maritime transport is the one that offers the best cost – benefits ratio. This article is addressed to all the people involved or interested in the economic and military fields and aims to highlight the importance of the Black Sea and North Sea connecting corridor in ensuring peace and stability in Europe in general and in South-Eastern Europe in special. To achieve this goal, we will review the historical conflicts among European countries for waterway control and make a descriptive analysis of the stability situation in the areas affected by them. Furthermore, using the hypothetical-deductive method, we will highlight the manner in which the connection of the Black Sea with the North Sea has influenced economic and military exchanges between riparian states and the impact on stability across European continent. At the end of the article, we will show how economic and military stability in south-eastern Europe is influenced and threatened by geopolitical changes in the wider Black Sea region and how this stability can be maintained and strengthened due to the great possibilities for economic cooperation among the countries of Western and South-Eastern Europe. The novelty of this approach is that it aims to analyze the importance of the Black Sea-North Sea channel in the context of fundamental changes in the politico-military situation in South-East Europe, generated by the expansion of the Russian Federation and the conflict between Turkey and Greece, NATO member countries.

Integrating river basin management and the coastal zone: the (blue) Danube and the (black) Sea

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Č Maksimović ◽  
C.K. Makropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
River Basin Management ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
The Impact

In order to effectively manage the wide variety of physical, chemical biological and ecological processes in a sensitive coastal environment such as the Black Sea, current environmental management objectives are no longer sufficient: a new management approach has to address the intimate functional linkage between the river basin and the costal environment. Current water quality legislation requires compliance to emission levels based on the chemical analysis of water samples taken at discharge points, such as treatment plants discharging into rivers. While such measures provide a relative indication of the water quality at the point of discharge, they fail to describe accurately and sufficiently the quality of the water received from the watershed or basin. As water flows through the catchment, rainfall run-off from urban and agricultural areas carries sediments, pesticides, and other chemicals into river systems, which lead to coastal waters. The impact of the Kosovo crisis on the Danube ecosystems provides a poignant example of the effects of such diffused pollution mechanisms and reveals a number of interesting pollution mechanisms. This paper discusses both the effects of diffused pollution on the Black Sea, drawing from state-of-the-art reports on the Danube, and proposes a framework for a decision support system based on distributed hydrological and pollution transport simulation models and GIS. The use of ecological health indicators and fuzzy inference supporting decisions on regional planning within this framework is also advocated. It is also argued that even the recently produced GEF document on Black Sea protection scenarios should benefit significantly if the concept of pollution reduction from both urban, industrial and rural areas should undergo a systematic conceptual update in the view of the recent recommendations of the UNEP IETC (2000) document.

Imperial confrontation or regional cooperation?: Bulgarian migration and Ottoman-Russian relations in the Black Sea region, 1768-1830s

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Robarts
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
Primary Unit

The Black Sea region from 1768-1830s has traditionally been characterized as a theater of warfare and imperial competition. Indeed, during this period, the Ottoman and Russian empires engaged in four armed conflicts for supremacy in the Balkans, the Caucasus, and on the Black Sea itself. While not discounting geo-strategic and ideological confrontation between the Ottoman and Russian empires, this article - by adopting the Black Sea region as its primary unit of historical and political analysis - will emphasize the considerable amount of exchange that took place between the Ottoman and Russian empires in the Black Sea region in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Building upon a case study of Bulgarian migration between the Ottoman and Russian empires and as part of a broader discussion on Ottoman-Russian Black Sea diplomacy this article will detail joint Ottoman-Russian initiatives to control their mutual Black Sea borderland.

scholarly journals CAN TURKISH AND US CO-OPERATION IN THE BLACK SEA REGION INCREASE EFFICIENCY GAINS?

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Sedat AYBAR
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This paper examines the impact of co-operation between Turkey and  the US upon Turkish trade and investments towards the Black Sea  region. The study is particularly important in the conjuncture of the  US withdrawal from the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) and in the wake of signing a free  trade agreement with the EU. An additional matter of importance  relates to the improved Turkey – Russia economic collaboration especially after the “jet” incident and American  involvement with the Middle East. Significant part of the latter is  economic as the US has also explicit economic interests in the  Eastern Meditteranean. A gravity model has been employed using  ordinary least squares on a panel data with fixed effects to analyse aggregate trade. We have also categorized export groups of  Turkey and the US separately. Our findings for both Turkish and the US exports indicate that per-capita GDP of Black Sea countries are  highly persistent and positively correlated with increased efficiency  gains and trade volumes. Regression results show that the US  exports to the EU member countries are on average less than to  those non-EU member Black Sea countries. Hence, we question  whether a possible co-operation between the US and Turkish  companies can help gaining better access to the Black Sea market for their exports.

Possibilities and limitations of pXRF as a tool for analysing ancient pottery: a case study of Late Bronze and Early Iron Age pottery (1100–600 BC) from the northern Black Sea region

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 238-266
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Daszkiewicz ◽  
Nadezhda Gavrylyuk ◽  
Kirsten Hellström ◽  
Elke Kaiser ◽  
Maya Kashuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Fluorescence Spectrometer ◽  
Archaeological Cultures

AbstractIn an archaeometric research project supported by the Volkswagen Foundation (Project 90216 [https://earlynomads.wordpress.com/]), working groups consisting of chemists, geologists and archaeologists in Berlin, Kiev and Saint Petersburg collaborated on analysing pottery recovered from Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age burials and settlements from sites of different archaeological cultures in the steppes and forest steppes north of the Black Sea. The article presents the results of the classification of 201 samples using energy-dispersive X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (pXRF) compared to the results of MGR-analysis and WD-XRF of these samples. Fingerprints for the seven sites studied could be defined.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF "WASTENET PROJECT" ON THE ECOLOGY OF TURKEY AND GEORGIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Burak KIZILOZ ◽  
Ketevan KUPATADZE
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Natural Treatment Systems ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the project: “A Black Sea network promoting integrated natural Waste water treatment systems – WASTEnet,” which is dedicated to wastewater treatment systems. There is given a discussion of all types of Natural Treatment Systems, their specificity, chemical and biological processes which take place during their functioning. There is shown the impact of this Project and NTS on the example of ecology of Turkey and Georgia. The presented Project helps local and regional authorities and stakeholders to gain insight on the role of innovative and environmentally-friendly technologies, in improving the environment of the Black Sea region.

scholarly journals On the impact of local natural and climatic conditions of the North-West Caucasus on the vital activities of the population in the context of the observations of I.N. Klingen

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Людмила Васильевна Бурыкина ◽  
Лариса Дмитриевна Федосеева
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
The Impact

В статье предпринят анализ сведений о климате Северо-Западного Кавказа на базе монографии И.Н. Клингена, основанной на материалах комиссии И.С. Хатисова - А.Д. Ротиньянца и других исследователей Причерноморья и содержавшей компетентную и ценную информацию по истории сельского хозяйства шапсугов и убыхов. Несмотря на благоприятные природно-климатические условия, данная территория очень специфична, но это была естественная среда обитания адыгских племен, разработавших самобытные приемы агротехники и особые орудия труда, позволившие им возделывать землю, как на склонах гор, так и в низинах, и собирать значительные урожаи. Адыгскими племенами были выработаны собственные формы адаптации к среде обитания, представлены оригинальные способы жизнедеятельности в сложных климатических условиях, позволившие поддерживать региональную модель стабильного социально-экономического развития со своей этнокультурной спецификой. Проблема воздействия локальных природно-климатических условий на антропогенную деятельность и его отражение на процесс формирования традиции природопользования, земледельческий опыт адыгских племен, изложенный в отчете И.С. Хатисова и монографии И.Н. Клингена, не утратили актуальности и в современных условиях, поскольку сходы селевых потоков, водная эрозия с разрушительными последствиями стали настоящим бичом для хозяйств, курортов и простых граждан. Культура земледелия причерноморских адыгов была и остается самой разумной для этой территории и имеет не только научно-познавательное, но и практическое значение. The paper undertakes an attempt to analyze information about the climate of the North-West Caucasus basing on a monograph by I.N. Klingen. This monograph was based on the materials of the Commission of I.S. Khatisov-A.D. Rotinyants and other researchers of the Black Sea region. It contains competent and valuable information on the history of agriculture of the Shapsugs and Ubykhs. Despite favorable natural and climatic conditions, this territory is very specific. In this natural habitat, the Adyghe tribes developed original techniques of agricultural machinery and special tools that allowed them to cultivate land both on the slopes of the mountains and in the lowlands, and take significant crops. The Adyghe tribes developed their own forms of adaptation to the habitat, presented original ways of living in difficult climatic conditions, which made it possible to maintain a regional model of stable socio-economic development with its ethnocultural specificity. The problem of the impact of local natural and climatic conditions on anthropogenic activity and its reflection on the process of forming the tradition of nature management, the agricultural experience of the Adyghe tribes, set out in the report of I.S. Khatisov and the monograph by I.N. Klingen, have not lost their relevance in modern conditions. Rural mudflows, water erosion with destructive consequences have become a real scourge for farms, resorts and simple citizens. The culture of agriculture of the Adyghes living in the Black Sea region was and remains the most reasonable for this territory and has not only scientific and cognitive, but also practical significance.

scholarly journals The Impact of European Environmental Policies on Energy Prices. Possible Solutions in the Black Sea Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioan-Cătălin Murărașu
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Spot Price ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
The Impact

Even if in Europe the costs of the transition to a green economy are reflected in the final consumer’s bills and in the prices of finished products - an effect already felt in the Community - the necessity to clean up the economy cannot be disputed. However, Europeans need to determine if the priority is to give up conventional energy or to develop the green energy production, because it is becoming increasingly clear that the two objectives cannot be achieved simultaneously without affecting the purchasing power of Europeans. Within this context, the study involves: a) the statistical analysis of the impact of the conventional energy overtaxation and the renewable energy subsidization on the average price charged by suppliers for final consumers on the Romanian market in the first three quarters of 2021 and b) to identify the correlation coefficient between the spot price for energy on the Romanian market and the share of renewable energy in the national mix for the same period. The objective of the research is to assess the costs paid by the final consumers within the context of the energy transition and the production capacity of renewable sources that must be added to the National Energy System for their amortization. The results show the importance of the Black Sea basin in the regional energy equation and its potential to become a point of attraction for European energy investments.

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