The state of the surface layers of quench-hardened steel after diamond grinding

1972 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 468-471
Author(s):  
A. A. Sagarda ◽  
G. I. Val'chuk ◽  
V. G. Delevi ◽  
L. L. Mishnaevskii
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Steel ◽  
The State ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Diamond Grinding

Influence of surface layers on resistance spot joinability of partially hardened steel 22MnB5 with aluminum-silicon and zinc coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 755-771
Author(s):  
Oleksii Sherepenko ◽  
Vincent Schreiber ◽  
Iwan Schischin ◽  
Maximilian Wohner ◽  
Philipp Wernlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Resistance Spot ◽  
Zinc Coatings ◽  
Aluminum Silicon

Селективный магнитный контроль толщины и степени упрочнения поверхностных слоев на стальных объектах

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
А.В. Бызов ◽  
Д.Г. Ксенофонтов ◽  
В.Н. Костин ◽  
О.Н. Василенко
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Flux ◽  
Internal Field ◽  
Hardened Layer ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Magnetic Characteristics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Magnetic Parameters ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Tangential Field

The dependences of measured locally magnetic characteristics of surface-hardened steel objects on the thickness and physical properties of their surface layers are studied. It is shown theoretically and experimentally that a change in the thickness of the hardened layer on the surface of steel objects affects on the magnitude of the tangential field component on the surface of the object in the interpolar space significantly , as well as the change in the strength properties of the layer affects the magnitude of the magnetic flux in the "transducer-object" circuit. It is proposed to use this difference in magnetic parameters for selective testing of the surface hardening quality. It is shown that the coercive force measured locally by the internal field and the maximum value of the magnetic flux, which can be measured using a single transducer in single measuring cycle, can be used as diagnostic parameters.

Research on Combined Processing Technology of Superficial Layers Hardened Steel

2016 ◽  
Vol 841 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Petrică Corabieru ◽  
Stefan Velicu ◽  
Anişoara Corabieru ◽  
Dan Dragos Vasilescu ◽  
Ionel Păunescu
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Hold Time ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Durability Analysis ◽  
Machined Parts

The novelty technology lies in the fact that the hardening of the surface layers is carried out both in liquid phase and in the solid state. Technology comprises three main stages with 12 technological phases.Experimentation highlights the viability of the technological procedure. The results of tests and verifications are the basis of the analysis of combined machined parts behavior in conditions similar to the operating conditions and of the analysis of the dependence between operation behavior and durability. Analysis of the results revealed the fact that failure to technological parameters: casting temperature; hold time at high temperatures; cooling rate after microalloying in liquid phase, gives rise to possible faults of the combined treated parts.

Effect of diamond dressing on the state of the surface layers of high-speed steel cutting tools

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 516-518
Author(s):  
V. Ya. Bulanov ◽  
A. P. Shevel ◽  
P. A. Yudkovskii
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
The State ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Steel Cutting

Study of the Influence of Technological Factors on the Surface Structure of Aluminum 6000 Series Alloys Ingots

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 938-942
Author(s):  
Leonid Moiseevich Gurevich ◽  
Dmitri Pronichev ◽  
Aleksey Serov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oxide Film ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Ingot Surface ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Technological Factors ◽  
Light Color

The structure and chemical composition of the surface layers of aluminum 6000-series alloys after crystallization and homogenization annealing at 580 °C were investigated. It is shown that the state of the surface significantly depends on the presence of impurities in the coolant of the crystallizer, which deteriorate the continuity of the oxide film, which leads to the formation of light color of individual parts of the ingot surface.

On self-organization of the surface layer of structural steel in dry sliding against quenched steel under electric current

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
M. I. Aleutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Dry Sliding ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Quenched Steel ◽  
Two Sectors

Using optical and confocal laser microscopes it was shown that dry sliding of structural steel against hardened steel under electric current of density higher 250 A/cm2 was accompanied by the formation of composite tribolayers. By X-ray phase analysis of the surface layers of the sample and counterbody was shown that they contain α-Fe, γ-Fe, and FeO. It is noted that the self-organization of the tribosystem under conditions of dry sliding under electric current can be represented as a hierarchy of structural states of the surface layers of contacting materials. It was found that the nominal sample area had two sectors. The character of the contact interaction in the sectors differs from each other.

Edge Sharpening and Surface Modification of PcBN Cutting Tool by Pulsed Laser Grinding

2012 ◽  
Vol 523-524 ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Suzuki ◽  
Fumihiro Itoigawa ◽  
Keiich Kawata ◽  
Tetsuro Suganuma ◽  
Takashi Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modification ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Pulsed Laser ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Lateral Force ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Diamond Grinding

PcBN cutting tools have excellent characteristics such as high degree of hardness and low chemical reactivity, so they have potential to replace high precision grinding of hardened steel with high precision cutting. PcBN might be more efficient tool material if improvement in formability, and good surface modification can be achieved. In order to solve these problems, Pulsed Laser Grinding (PLG) is applied to a shape cutting edge and to finish a rake face. After processing by the PLG, shaped cutting edges were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and measured with contact- type profilometer. As a result, cutting edges processed by the PLG are similar or shaper than that by conventional diamond grinding. In addition, as a one of effects of surface modification, The Vickers microhardness of rake faces increases by about 10 present after PLG. On the other hand, according to frictional test with lateral force microscopy, the coefficient of friction of rake face decreases by half of ordinary surface. Depending on these advantages of PLG, high precision turning of hardened steel with 58HRC in hardness by use of the tool processed by PLG can demonstrate good performance rather than a commercial tool with diamond grinding finish.

Residual stresses in surface layers of carbide tool tips after diamond grinding

1972 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
L. I. Gladkikh ◽  
B. M. Sverdlova ◽  
M. Ya. Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Carbide Tool ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Diamond Grinding

scholarly journals Study of the nickel-phosphorus coating structural-phase states

2020 ◽  
Vol 329 ◽  
pp. 02017
Author(s):  
Igor Shcherbakov
Keyword(s):  
Structural Phase ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
The State ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Volume Changes ◽  
Coating Surface ◽  
Phosphorus Containing ◽  
Maximum Stability

The results of modeling a composite nickel-phosphorus coating obtained by chemical deposition are presented. The state of structural-phase disordering of the coating surface is considered. The analysis of possible structural states in the surface layers of the coating is carried out. A graph of Me atoms volume changes in phosphorus-containing compounds MexPy(Ме – Fe, Cr, Ni) and the maximum stability temperature NixPyis plotted depending on the composition. The idealized images of the projections of tetragonal and trigonal phosphorus-containing phases structures are constructed.

scholarly journals XVII. Experiments and observations to investigate the nature of a kind of steel, manufactured at Bombay, and there called Wootz: with remarks on the properties and composition of the different states of iron

1795 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 322-346 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cast Steel ◽  
Hardened Steel ◽  
The State ◽  
High Esteem ◽  
As If ◽  
Small Holes ◽  
Tempered Steel

Doctor Scott , of Bombay, in a letter to the President, acquaints him that he has sent over specimens of a substance known by the name of wootz; which is considered to be a kind of steel, and is in high esteem among the Indians. Dr. Scott mentions several of its properties, and requests that an inquiry may be instituted to obtain further knowledge of its nature. This gentleman informs the President, that wootz " admits of a harder temper than any thing known in that " part of India; that it is employed for covering that part of " gun-locks which the flint strikes: that it is used for " cutting iron on a lathe; for cutting stones; for chizzels; for making files; for saws; and for every purpose where " excessive hardness is necessary. ” Dr. Scott observes that this substance " cannot bear any thing beyond a very slight red heat, " which makes it work very tediously in the hands of smiths; " and that " it has a still greater inconvenience or defect, that " of not being capable of being welded with iron or steel; " to which therefore it is only joined by screws and other " contrivances." He likewise observes, that when wootz is “ heated above a slight red heat, part of the mass seems to “ run, and the whole is lost, as if it consisted of metals of " different degrees of fusibility. " We learn also from Dr. Scott's letter, that “ the working with wootz is so difficult, that it is a " separate art from that of forging iron." It will be proper also to notice his observation, that “ the magnetical power in "an imperfect degree can be communicated to this substance." § 2. Mechanical and obvious Properties The specimens of wootz were in the shape of a round cake, of about five inches in diameter, and one thick; each of which weighed somewhat more than two pounds. The cake had been cut almost quite through, so as to nearly divide it into two equal parts. It was externally of a dull black colour; the surface was smooth; the cut part was also smooth, and, excepting a few pinny places and small holes, the texture appeared to be uniform. It felt about as heavy as an equal bulk of iron or steel. It was tasteless and inodorous. No indentation could be made by blows with a heavy hammer; nor was it broken by blows which I think would have broken a like piece of our steel. Fire was elicited on collision with flint. Under the file I found wootz much harder than common bar steel not yet hardened, and than Huntsman' s cast steel not yet hardened. It seemed to possess the hardness of some kinds of crude iron, but did not effectually resist the file like highly tempered steel, and many sorts of crude iron: for although the teeth of the file were rapidly worn down and broken, the wootz. was also reduced to the state of filings The filed surface was of a bright bluish colour, shining like hardened steel; but some parts were brighter than others; and the most shining places seemed to be the hardest parts : hence perhaps the reason of the surface being uneven, and a little pinny . Notwithstanding this uneven and pinny appearance of the filed surface, a polish was produced, which was I think at least equal, if not superior, in brilliancy and smoothness to that of any steel I ever saw. The wootz filings were attracted by the magnet like common iron filings.

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