Effective cross section for ?-ray-induced displacement of atoms in some two-component glasses

1968 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 50-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. M. Nesterov
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Effective Cross Section ◽  
Two Component

EFFECTS OF SPACE CHARGE ON THE "EFFECTIVE CROSS SECTION"

1979 ◽  
Vol 40 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-755-C7-756
Author(s):  
N. S. Kopeika ◽  
T. Karcher ◽  
C.S. Ih.
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Effective Cross Section

The study of neutron capture processes in AlN nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150127
Author(s):  
T. G. Naghiyev
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Neutron Capture ◽  
Absorption Cross Section ◽  
Effective Cross Section ◽  
Absorption Cross ◽  
Effective Absorption ◽  
Different Types ◽  
N Isotopes

The neutron capture processes in the AlN nanoparticles were investigated by computer modeling. Neutrons absorption were separately investigated for aluminum (Al) and nitrogen (N) atoms in the AlN nanoparticles. The modeling was performed separately for each stable Al and N isotopes, because the effective absorption cross-section of different types of isotopes of Al and N atoms is different. Moreover, effective cross-section spectra of neutron capture for aluminum and nitrogen atoms were comparatively investigated.

scholarly journals Magnetically induced termination of giant planet formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
pp. A165 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Cridland
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Planet Formation ◽  
Giant Planet ◽  
Effective Cross Section ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Population Synthesis ◽  
Hot Start ◽  
Gas Accretion ◽  
Planetary Magnetic Field

Here a physical model for terminating giant planet formation is outlined and compared to other methods of late-stage giant planet formation. As has been pointed out before, gas accreting into a gap and onto the planet will encounter the planetary dynamo-generated magnetic field. The planetary magnetic field produces an effective cross section through which gas is accreted. Gas outside this cross section is recycled into the protoplanetary disk, hence only a fraction of mass that is accreted into the gap remains bound to the planet. This cross section inversely scales with the planetary mass, which naturally leads to stalled planetary growth late in the formation process. We show that this method naturally leads to Jupiter-mass planets and does not invoke any artificial truncation of gas accretion, as has been done in some previous population synthesis models. The mass accretion rate depends on the radius of the growing planet after the gap has opened, and we show that so-called hot-start planets tend to become more massive than cold-start planets. When this result is combined with population synthesis models, it might show observable signatures of cold-start versus hot-start planets in the exoplanet population.

The Effect of Boundary Layer Separation on Accuracy of Flow Measurement Using the Gibson Method

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Z. Sierra ◽  
A. Adamkowski ◽  
G. Urquiza ◽  
J. Kubiak ◽  
H. Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
Proper Time ◽  
Effective Cross Section ◽  
Boundary Layer Separation ◽  
Water Hammer ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Geometry Factor

The Gibson method utilizes the effect of water hammer phenomenon (hydraulic transients) in a pipeline for flow rate determination. The method consists in measuring a static pressure difference, which occurs between two cross-sections of the pipeline as a result of a temporal change of momentum from t0 to t1. This condition is induced when the water flow in the pipeline is stopped suddenly using a cut-off device. The flow rate is determined by integrating, within a proper time interval, the measured pressure difference change caused by the water hammer (inertia effect). However, several observations demonstrate that changes of pipeline geometry like diameter change, bifurcations, or direction shift by elbows may produce an effect on the computation of the flow rate. The paper focuses on this effect. Computational simulations have shown that the boundary layer separates when the flow faces sudden changes like these mentioned to above. The separation may reduce the effective cross section area of flow modifying a geometry factor involved into the computation of the flow rate. The remainder is directed to quantify the magnitude of such a factor under the influence of pipeline geometry changes. Results of numerical computations are discussed on the basis of how cross section reductions impact on the geometry factor magnitude and consequently on the mass flow rate.

Effective cross section of the Nd:YAG 1.0641‐μm laser transition

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 4041-4044 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Fuhrmann ◽  
N. Hodgson ◽  
F. Hollinger ◽  
H. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Effective Cross Section ◽  
Laser Transition

Computer simulation of (n, p) modifications in silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanoparticles

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (32) ◽  
pp. 2050318
Author(s):  
T. G. Naghiyev
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Effective Cross Section

(n, p) transmutations in the silicon nitride (Si3N4) nanoparticles by the neutrons at different energies have been studied by computer simulation. The transmutations by neutrons in the nanomaterial were separately investigated for silicon and nitrogen atoms in the Si3N4 particles. Since the effective cross-section of the possible probability of transmutation is different in the various types of silicon and nitrogen atoms, the modeling was performed separately for each stable isotope. The spectra of the effective cross-sections of the (n, p) transmutations for silicon and nitrogen atoms have been studied in relation to each other.

Production cross-section calculations of 111In via proton and alpha-induced nuclear reactions

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (08) ◽  
pp. 2150051
Author(s):  
H. Özdoğan ◽  
İsmail Hakki Sarpün ◽  
Mert Şekerci ◽  
Abdullah Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Weighting Matrix ◽  
Nuclear Models ◽  
Geometry Dependent Hybrid Model ◽  
Equilibrium Reactions ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Gamma Emitter

[Formula: see text], a known gamma emitter, is used for many medical purposes such as imaging of myocardial metastases. It can be produced by using different nuclear reactions. In this study, the reactions of [Formula: see text]Ag([Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]2n)[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]3n)[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text](p,[Formula: see text]4n)[Formula: see text], which are the production routes of [Formula: see text], were investigated. Production cross-section calculations were performed by using equilibrium and pre-equilibrium models of TALYS 1.95 and EMPIRE 3.2 nuclear reaction codes. Hauser–Feshbach Model was appointed in both codes for calculations of equilibrium approximations. Exciton and Hybrid Monte Carlo Simulation (HMS) models were used in the EMPIRE 3.2, whereas Two-Component Exciton and Geometry Dependent Hybrid Model, which is implemented to TALYS code, has been used in the TALYS 1.95 for pre-equilibrium reactions. Also, a weighting matrix of the nuclear models was obtained by using statistical variance analysis. The optimum beam energy to obtain [Formula: see text] has been determined by using the results obtained from this weighting matrix.

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