Glucose uptake in mouse brain regions under hypoxic hypoxia

1981 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 993-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahisa Shimada
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Hypoxic Hypoxia

Learning Deficits Accompanied by Microglial Proliferation After the Long-Term Post-Injection of Alzheimer’s Disease Brain Extract in Mouse Brains

2021 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 1701-1711
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Hayashi ◽  
Shotaro Shimonaka ◽  
Montasir Elahi ◽  
Shin-Ei Matsumoto ◽  
Koichi Ishiguro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Functional Decline ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Brain Extract ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Learning Deficits

Background: Human tauopathy brain injections into the mouse brain induce the development of tau aggregates, which spread to functionally connected brain regions; however, the features of this neurotoxicity remain unclear. One reason may be short observational periods because previous studies mostly used mutated-tau transgenic mice and needed to complete the study before these mice developed neurofibrillary tangles. Objective: To examine whether long-term incubation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brain in the mouse brain cause functional decline. Methods: We herein used Tg601 mice, which overexpress wild-type human tau, and non-transgenic littermates (NTg) and injected an insoluble fraction of the AD brain into the unilateral hippocampus. Results: After a long-term (17–19 months) post-injection, mice exhibited learning deficits detected by the Barnes maze test. Aggregated tau pathology in the bilateral hippocampus was more prominent in Tg601 mice than in NTg mice. No significant changes were observed in the number of Neu-N positive cells or astrocytes in the hippocampus, whereas that of Iba-I-positive microglia increased after the AD brain injection. Conclusion: These results potentially implicate tau propagation in functional decline and indicate that long-term changes in non-mutated tau mice may reflect human pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Atlases of Mouse Brain Reveals Differential Expression Across Brain Regions and Genetic Backgrounds

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Sun ◽  
Seunggeun Lee ◽  
Vasyl Zhabotynsky ◽  
Fei Zou ◽  
Fred A. Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Brain Regions

scholarly journals Stimulation of [ 35 S]GTPγS binding by GABA B receptor agonists and positive modulators in different mouse brain regions

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tushar Advani ◽  
Julie G Hensler ◽  
Kejun Cheng ◽  
Kenner C Rice ◽  
Wouter Koek
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Receptor Agonists ◽  
Gtpγs Binding ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals Lithium ion adduction enables UPLC-MS/MS-based analysis of multi-class 3-hydroxyl group-containing keto-steroids

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiuyi Wang ◽  
Kimiko Shimizu ◽  
Kanako Maehata ◽  
Yue Pan ◽  
Koki Sakurai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Multiple Reaction Monitoring ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Protonated Form ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Detection Sensitivity ◽  
Hydroxyl Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Precursor Ions

Steroids that contain a 3-hydroxyl group (3-OH steroids) are widely distributed in nature. During analysis with ESI-MS, they easily become dehydrated while in the protonated form, resulting in the production of several precursor ions and leading to low sensitivity of detection. To address this analytical challenge, here, we developed a method for the quantitation of 3-OH steroids by LC-MS/MS coupled with post-column addition of lithium (Li) ions to the mobile phase. The Li ion has a high affinity for the keto group of steroids, stabilizing their structures during ionization and permitting detection of analytes exclusively as the lithiated form. This not only improved the intensities of the precursor ions, but also promoted the formation of typical lithiated fragment ions. This improvement made the quantitation by multiple reaction monitoring more sensitive and reliable, as evidenced by 1.53–188 times enhanced detection sensitivity of 13 steroids that contained at least one keto and two hydroxyl groups or one keto and one 5-olefinic double bond, among 16 different 3-OH steroids. We deployed our newly developed method for profiling steroids in mouse brain tissue and identified six steroids in one tissue sample. Among these, 16-hydroxyestrone, tetrahydrocorticosterone, and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone were detected for the first time in the mouse brain. In summary, the method described here enables the detection of lithiated steroids by LC-MS/MS, including three 3-OH steroids not previously reported in the mouse brain. We anticipate that this new method may allow the determination of 3-OH steroids in different brain regions.

scholarly journals Regional Cerebral Glucose Utilization Transiently Increases during Mild Hypoxia

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin MacNeill ◽  
Robert M. Bryan
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Hypoxic Hypoxia ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Mild Hypoxia

Regional cerebral glucose utilization (rCMRglu) was studied during mild hypoxic hypoxia in awake free-ranging rats. Rats were prepared with chronic arterial and venous catheters and placed in individual chambers for 4 days to recover from surgery before the experiments. The catheters were accessible by passing them through the top of the chambers. Hypoxia was induced by filling the chambers with a gas mixture consisting of 11% o2 in a balance of N2. Regional CMRglu and physiological parameters were measured in normoxic controls and in rats that had been hypoxic for 2 and 17 min before beginning the measurements. Regional CMRglu was measured in 17 brain regions using [6-14C]glucose. Pao2 decreased from 88 mm Hg in the controls to ∼40 mm Hg during hypoxia. In the early stages of hypoxia (2–12 min), rCMRglu increased ∼10–25% above the control rates. In later stages of hypoxia (17–27 min), rCMRglu was not different from that in the normoxic controls. The increase in rCMRglu in the early hypoxia was not blocked by propranolol (1.4 mg/kg), indicating that beta-adrenergic receptors were not involved with the increase in rCMRglu. It was concluded that mild hypoxia is associated with an increased rate of cerebral glucose utilization; however, the increase is transitory, with glucose utilization returning to control rates before 17 min.

Glutamate, GABA, and Presynaptic Markers Involved in Neurotransmission Are Differently Affected by Age in Distinct Mouse Brain Regions

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 4449-4461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rozycka ◽  
Agata Charzynska ◽  
Zuzanna Misiewicz ◽  
Tomasz Maciej Stepniewski ◽  
Alicja Sobolewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Brain Regions

Poster #128 NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE ACTIVITY IS DIFFERENTIALLY ALTERED BETWEEN ACUTE AND SUBCHRONIC PHENCYCLIDINE TREATMENTS IN DISCRETE MOUSE BRAIN REGIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 136 ◽  
pp. S137-S138
Author(s):  
Graham Lee ◽  
David M. Thomson ◽  
Allan McVie ◽  
Colin J. Suckling ◽  
Brian J. Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity

Effects of Chaihu-Guizhi-Ganji on the Levels of Monoamines and Their Related Substances, and Acetylcholine in Discrete Brain Regions of Mice

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadanobu ltoh ◽  
Seisuke Michijiri ◽  
Shigeo Murai ◽  
Hiroko Saito ◽  
Hiroshi Saito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Mouse Brain ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Related Substances

The effects of the extract powder (CggT) from Chaihu-Guizhi-Gajiang-Tang (Saiko-keishi-kankyo-to, in Japanese) on the monoamines and their related substances and the acetylcholine in mouse brain were examined. 1) A single administration of CggT significantly increased the levels of HVA and 5-HIAA in the cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus at 75 mg/kg, and those in the hypothalamus, corpus striatum and hippocampus at 750 mg/kg. 2) The repeated administration of CggT significantly increased the level of 5-HT in the hippocampus at 75 mg/kg, and the levels of 5-HT in the corpus striatum and of NE and 5-HT in the hippocampus at 750 mg/kg. 3) The level of ACh was significantly increased in the hypothalamus alone after single administration of CggT. These findings suggest that CggT stimulates function of the dopaminergic and serotonergic nervous systems in mice, but not most of the NEnergic and cholinergic nervous systems.

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