Average frequency of spikes accompanying analog-to-digital processing of the output signal from a gravitational detector

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 842-847
Author(s):  
A. V. Gusev
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Average Frequency ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Gravitational Detector

scholarly journals AREUS: A Software Framework for ATLAS Readout Electronics Upgrade Simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 02006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nico Madysa
Keyword(s):  
Digital Signal ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Time Signal ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Readout Electronics ◽  
Analog To Digital Conversion ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Crossing Time ◽  
Detailed Simulation

The design of readout electronics for the LAr calorimeters of the ATLAS detector to be operated at the future High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) requires a detailed simulation of the full readout chain in order to find optimal solutions for the analog and digital processing of the detector signals. Due to the long duration of the LAr calorimeter pulses relative to the LHC bunch crossing time, out-of-time signal pileup needs to be taken into account. For this purpose, the simulation framework AREUS has been developed. It models analog-to-digital conversion, gain selection, and digital signal processing at bit precision, including digitization noise and detailed electronics effects. Trigger and object reconstruction algorithms are taken into account in the optimization process. The software implementation of AREUS, the concepts of its main functional blocks, as well as optimization considerations will be presented. Various approaches to introduce parallelism into AREUS will be compared against each other.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Digital Pre-Distortion Technique using Low-Complexity and Low-Precision ADC

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1836-1840
Keyword(s):  
Power Amplifier ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Analog To Digital Converter ◽  
Digital Converter ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Linear Behavior ◽  
Amplifier Linearization ◽  
Full Band

This paper analyzes the Digital Pre-Distortion linearization technique using a low-precision Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The output of a power amplifier exhibits various spurious emissions, spectral regrowth and intermodulation distortion (IMD) products due to its non-linear behavior. So, to preserve the performance of power amplifier, linearization becomes mandatory. Digital Pre-Distortion does the training on the output of the power amplifier (distorted signal) and generates exactly the inverse characteristics to that of power amplifier. Their cascading results into a linear response. In practical systems, the output of power amplifier has to go through an analog-to-digital converter for digital processing and a low-resolution ADC results in the degradation of the signal and affects the DPD performance. But a low-resolution ADC not only reduces the computational complexity in the digital processing but it also provides lower power consumption and costs less because less hardware would be required. In this work, the aim is to find the precision up to which ADC resolution can be reduced without affecting the DPD performance in a significant manner. This paper evaluates the performance of two DPD systems - Full-band DPD and Sub-band DPD and from simulations, it is observed that for a full-band DPD, 1-bit ADC can be reliably used and for a sub-band DPD, single bit to 4-bits ADC can be used.

Conversion of amplitude modulated square wave signal from current sensor to pulse duration using PLL circuit

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Magerramov
Keyword(s):  
Output Signal ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Current Sensor ◽  
Measurement Information ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Phase Sensitive ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Measured Input

At the moment, almost any electronic product incorporates measuring sensors for converting physical quantities. These devices produce a signal of measurement information in a form suitable for transmission and further conversion. As a rule, the output signal from the measurement sensors undergoes first preprocessing such as amplification, filtering, modulation, etc. After preprocessing the prepared signal, various architectures of analog‑to‑digital converters (ADC) are used. The choice of ADC depends on the parameters of the conversion signal and the dynamic characteristics of the sensors used. This paper considers converting a square‑amplitude modulated signal from a current sensor to a pulse width using a phase‑locked loop (PLL). The architecture of the ADC based on the PLL circuit allows obtaining a linear dependence of the output signal duty cycle on the value of the measured input current. The layout of the device is implemented on a printed circuit board, the main components of which are: current sensor, which is a bridge circuit of magnetoresistive conductors; phase‑sensitive rectifier and microcircuit of a two‑channel PLL circuit made inTechnological Center.

ALGORITHM FOR DETERMINING FREQUENCY OF A HARMONIC SIGNAL USING STOCHASTIC SAMPLING

2017 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Irina Nikolaevna Zaitseva ◽  
Vitaly Nikolaevich Ugol'kov
Keyword(s):  
Harmonic Signal ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Frequency Measurement ◽  
Distribution Law ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Stochastic Sampling ◽  
Infralow Frequency ◽  
Underground Communication ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
Short Time

The paper deals with the development of an algorithm for determining frequency of harmonic signals using a probabilistic-statistical method. The main feature of this algorithm is a short time of addressing to the investigated signal, which much shorter than signal period, according to three integrated sample collections with digital processing. Instantaneous values of the investigated signal in each sampling are based on stochastic discretization over time, according to the uniform distribution law. The main advantages of the algorithm are the short time of access to the signal under study and high accuracy of frequency measurement, which is essential for the infralow frequency signals with a duration period measured in minutes, hours, days, etc. There has been performed a numerical experiment in order to evaluate an error in determining frequency of such signals, depending on the accuracy of their sampling by real analog-to-digital converters. The paper shows that the error of frequency determined by the developed algorithm makes a few hundredths of a percent and scarcely depends on accuracy of a signal discretization by a certain level. The error obtained corresponds to discretization accuracy under conversion into accepted values of analogue-to-digital converters from 6- to 16-bit analogue-to-digital converters. The present algorithm may find practical use in radio technical processing of infralow frequency signals in acoustics, hydro-acoustics, seismic acoustics, underwater and underground communication.

Analysis of electron-diffraction intensity profiles using a photodiode-array detection system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 322-323
Author(s):  
J. B. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Pattern ◽  
Detection System ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Photographic Emulsion ◽  
Diffraction Intensity ◽  
Silicon Photodiode ◽  
Photodiode Array Detection ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Photodiode Array

Electron diffraction intensity profiles have been used extensively in studies of polycrystalline and amorphous thin films. In previous work, diffraction intensity profiles were quantitized either by mechanically scanning the photographic emulsion with a densitometer or by using deflection coils to scan the diffraction pattern over a stationary detector. Such methods tend to be slow, and the intensities must still be converted from analog to digital form for quantitative analysis. The Instrumentation Division at Brookhaven has designed and constructed a electron diffractometer, based on a silicon photodiode array, that overcomes these disadvantages. The instrument is compact (Fig. 1), can be used with any unmodified electron microscope, and acquires the data in a form immediately accessible by microcomputer.Major components include a RETICON 1024 element photodiode array for the de tector, an Analog Devices MAS-1202 analog digital converter and a Digital Equipment LSI 11/2 microcomputer. The photodiode array cannot detect high energy electrons without damage so an f/1.4 lens is used to focus the phosphor screen image of the diffraction pattern on to the photodiode array.

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