On the relationship between input-output production coefficients and the CES production function

1985 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. C. de Boer ◽  
H. W. J. Donkers
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Input Output ◽  
The Relationship

Choice Of Technique And The Volume Of Saving (A Re-Examination Of The Cobb-Douglas Model)

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 606-617
Author(s):  
Mohammad Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Social Goals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Development Policy ◽  
Labour Intensity ◽  
The One ◽  
Choice Of Technique ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to re-examine the relationship between the degree of aggregate labour-intensity and the aggregate volume of saving in an economy where a Cobb-6ouglas production function in its traditional form can be assumed to give a good approximation to reality. The relationship in ques¬tion has an obviously important bearing on economic development policy in the area of choice of labour intensity. To the extent that and in the range where an increase in labour intensity would adversely affect the volume of savings, a con¬flict arises between two important social objectives, i.e., higher rate of capital formation on the one hand and greater employment and distributive equity on the other. If relative resource endowments in the economy are such that such a "competitive" range of labour-intensity falls within the nation's attainable range of choice, development planners will have to arrive at a compromise between these two social goals.

Effects of open innovation breadth on industrial innovation input–output relationships

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Germán Frank ◽  
Guilherme Brittes Benitez ◽  
Mateus Ferreira Lima ◽  
João Augusto Bonzanini Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Industrial Innovation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeOpen innovation breadth (OIB) considers the diversity of external collaboration partners for innovation. The authors investigate the moderating effect of OIB on the relationship between industrial innovation activities (innovation inputs) and industrial innovation results (innovation outputs).Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on secondary data from the Brazilian innovation survey, representing more than 30,000 innovative companies across 55 industrial sectors.FindingsThis study’s results show that OIB has different moderating effects regarding the several innovation input–output relationships. While OIB benefits some relationships, others are hampered by the diversity of collaboration partners.Originality/valueFew studies have addressed OIB at the macro level. Using the perspective of transaction cost economics (TCE), the authors discuss the contributions and limitations of OIB at the industry level.

Produkční funkce jako nástroj zobrazení ekonomické reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Mihola
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Aggregate Production ◽  
China And India ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Aggregate Production Function ◽  
The Relationship

The monograph develops the theory of production functions and their systematic typology. It looks at the relationship between inputs and outputs as a universal relationship that is used not only in economics but also in other disciplines. In addition to the static production function, special attention is paid to the dynamization of individual quantities and the issue of expressing the effect of changes in these quantities on the change in production. It is explained why in the aggregate production function expressed through aggregate factor input and aggregate factor productivity it is necessary to use a multiplicative relationship, why the multiplicative link is also suitable in terms of total input factor and why the share of weights in labor and capital should be the same. The use of the production function is demonstrated on the development of the economies of the USA, China and India and on the ten largest economies of the world in terms of absolute GDP, on cryptocurrencies and on the so-called farming role.In addition to a comprehensive overview of production functions, the monograph also enriches new ideas that arose during long-term computational and analytical activities of economic and business. Particularly innovative is the generalization of the production function to any system with variable inputs and outputs. The production function can thus be recognized in many identities. The original intention of the research was to examine the intensity of economic development, but it turned out that it is closely related to production functions. The impetus for this research comes from Prof. Ing. František Brabec, DrSc. a genius mathematician, designer, economist and manager, former general director of Škoda in Pilsen and later rector of ČVÚT.The presented typology of production functions is not limited to one area of economics, but goes beyond it. The monograph respects the definition of the static production function as the maximum amount of production that can be produced with a given number of production factors. On this function, which can be effectively displayed using polynomial functions of different orders,significant points can be systematically defined, ie the inflection point, the point of maximum efficiency, the point of maximum profit and the point of maximum production. The purpose is to optimize the number of inserted production factors. The text is preferred the point with the greatest effectiveness. If this quantity does not correspond, for example, to demand, it is possible to choose another technology, which will be reflected in a shift in the static production function. At the same time, the important points of these functions describe the trajectory, which has the nature of a dynamic production function. For a dynamic production function, the crucial question is how the change in individual factors contributes to the overall change in output. If the production function is expressed through inputs and their efficiency, dynamic parameters of extensibility and intensity can be defined, which exactly express the effect of changes in inputs and the effect of changes in efficiency on changes in outputs for all possible situations. Special attention is paid to the aggregate production function. It explains why it should be expressed as the product of the aggregate input factor (TIF) and aggregate factor productivity (TFP), or why the term TIF should be expressed as a weighted product of labor and capital, in which the value of labor and capital weights could be and identical. The monograph here surpasses the traditional additive view of the multi-factor production function by proposing a multiplicative link, which also allows the derivation of growth accounting, but with a new interpretation of weights and (1-), which do not need to be calculated for each subject and each year.The time production function is used to forecast the GDP development of the US, China and India economies until 2030 and 2050, respectively. It is also predicted an increase in the absolute GDP of Indonesia, a stable position of Russia and the loss of the elite position of Japan and Germany.The monograph also deals with the hitherto unresolved question of whether, even in economics, it is also necessary in certain circumstances to take into account a phenomenon called quantization in physics. It turns out that quantization is a common thing in economics, which is documented on specific forms of production functions that respect quantization in economics.The monograph also deals with the relationship between the efficiency of an individual given the use of a certain point on a specific static production function and common efficiency, ie all actors together. These examples assume limited resources. The sum of the outputs of all actors depends on how the actors share these limited resources. It can be expected that there will be at least one method of distribution that will bring the highest sum of outputs (products, crops) of all actors. This result, however, also depends on the shape of the production functions. This is investigated using EDM, i.e.elementary distribution models. EDM for polynomial production functions of the 2nd to 5th order are not yet published in summary. Of the new findings, they are the most interesting. When using two polynomial production functions, the EDM boundary becomes linear if the inflection point is used for both production functions. If we are above the inflection point, the EDM is properly concave. It turned out that the "bending" of the production function in the region of the inflection point can be modeled using a quantity of the order of the respective polynomial. The higher the order of the polynomial, the higher the deflection can be achieved. This proved to be a very important finding in modeling specific production functions. This effect cannot be achieved by combining other parameters.

The problem of measuring the quantity of output in the input–output model by W. Leontief in modeling the trends in economic reproduction of nations and regions

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1568-1592
Author(s):  
Nikolai I. KURYSHEV
Keyword(s):  
Input Output ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Output Matrix ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Production Quantity ◽  
Mathematical Analyses ◽  
Neumann Model ◽  
Product Output ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cost Characteristics

Subject. This article deals with the problem of constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix. Objectives. The article aims to determine the rules for constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix on the basis of data on production time and quantity of product output. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical and mathematical analyses. Results. The article formulates the rules for constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix, taking into account differences in the time of production, quantity of output, as well as the conditions for the reproduction of the resources expended. It summarizes these rules for the J. von Neumann model. Conclusions. The proposed approach to the analysis of the material mechanism of economic reproduction defines the relationship between the quantitative and cost characteristics of the production and consumption of products and resources. This relationship opens up new opportunities for the application of input–output models to create simple and accurate algorithms for identifying and predicting the macroeconomic trends.

scholarly journals Stakeholders approach on corporate governance and performance of Vietnamese manufacturing firms

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Thi Thanh Binh Dao ◽  
Thi Kim Anh Tran
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Production Function ◽  
Functional Form ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Executive Board ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Corporate governance is one of the most vital issues in this compound environment at present, which is indicated by the fact that the success or failure of firms strongly depends on performance of the control that board of directors and executive board, take on corporations’ activities. This issue has attracted a variety of researches worldwide, and become a popular buzz lately, however there is still limited researches on this topic in Vietnam. In this paper, we focus on manufacturing sector, one of the most important industries in Vietnam economy, which account for 41.2% of total GDP in 2012. By using stakeholder theory and Kitamura’s paper as a corner stone, a model using OLS regression and log functional form for production function, showing the relationship between some external factors and internal factors including corporate governance is built. From the result of the research, it has been found out that internal factors (corporate governance) significantly affect the firm’s performance, whereas external factors (market share) do not really show any influence. In term of production function, this manufacturing sector still benefits from an increase of capital but not that of labor.

scholarly journals Моделирование деятельности микропредприятий в Российских регионах

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
Юлия Пиньковецкая
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Production Functions ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
The Relationship

Целью исследования являлась оценка двухфакторной производственной функции, характеризующей взаимосвязь обо-рота микропредприятий от величины заработной платы работников и потока инвестиций в основной капитал. Рас-смотрена производственная функция, аналогичная функции Кобба-Дугласа, без ограничений на сумму степеней при факторах. Исследование базировалось на статистических пространственных данных, использовалась информация по 82 регионам России за 2017 г. Производственная функция представляет собой эффективный инструмент управления. Полученные новые знания имеют научное и практическое значение. The goal of the research was to estimate the two-factor production function, which characterizes the relationship between the microenterprise turnover and the employees rate of wages and the flow of investments into the fixed assets. The research examined a production function similar to that of Cobb-Douglas function, without the restrictions on the sum of degrees under factors. The research was based on statistical spatial data; using the information on 82 regions of Russia for 2017. The production function is an effective management tool. The new knowledge obtained is of scientific and practical im-portance. The methodological approach and tools proposed in the article for evaluating the production functions, describing the set of the microenterprises activities in the regions, can be applied in scientific research on the entrepreneurship issues, as well as in justifying the programs of this economy sector devel-opment at the federal and regional levels. The methodology and tools that were used in the research process can be applied in similar studies in the countries with a significant number of territorial (administrative) units. Further research is related to the evaluation of production functions for a set of microenterprises that are specialized in various types of economic activities, as well as those located in municipalities of specific regions.

Possible Effects of Depolarizing GABAA Conductance on the Neuronal Input–Output Relationship: A Modeling Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 3504-3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Morita ◽  
Kunichika Tsumoto ◽  
Kazuyuki Aihara
Keyword(s):  
Firing Rate ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Reversal Potential ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Recent in vitro experiments revealed that the GABAA reversal potential is about 10 mV higher than the resting potential in mature mammalian neocortical pyramidal cells; thus GABAergic inputs could have facilitatory, rather than inhibitory, effects on action potential generation under certain conditions. However, how the relationship between excitatory input conductances and the output firing rate is modulated by such depolarizing GABAergic inputs under in vivo circumstances has not yet been understood. We examine herewith the input–output relationship in a simple conductance-based model of cortical neurons with the depolarized GABAA reversal potential, and show that a tonic depolarizing GABAergic conductance up to a certain amount does not change the relationship between a tonic glutamatergic driving conductance and the output firing rate, whereas a higher GABAergic conductance prevents spike generation. When the tonic glutamatergic and GABAergic conductances are replaced by in vivo–like highly fluctuating inputs, on the other hand, the effect of depolarizing GABAergic inputs on the input–output relationship critically depends on the degree of coincidence between glutamatergic input events and GABAergic ones. Although a wide range of depolarizing GABAergic inputs hardly changes the firing rate of a neuron driven by noncoincident glutamatergic inputs, a certain range of these inputs considerably decreases the firing rate if a large number of driving glutamatergic inputs are coincident with them. These results raise the possibility that the depolarized GABAA reversal potential is not a paradoxical mystery, but is instead a sophisticated device for discriminative firing rate modulation.

Multitrial Free Recall and Sequential Ordering of Items Having High Variance of Meaningfulness

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf R. Abramczyk ◽  
Weston A. Bousfield
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Anchor Points ◽  
The Relationship

Two matched lists of 10 CVCs of high variance in meaningfulness ( M) were presented to Ss for 21 input-output trials of MTFR. While the lists elicited differing recall and sequential ordering, ITR, other analyses indicated consistencies in the two sets of data. Thus item-pairs, ITR-units, ordered in recall tended to have similar M-values. Furthermore, the tendency of individual items to serve as anchor points for individual ITR-units was positively related to their memorability. of special interest was the nature of the relationship between the M-values of items and errors of non-recall. Along with a negative relationship between M-value and non-recall there was an error peak for items with intermediate M-values. The tentative theoretical explanation of this result was based mainly upon Murdock's theory of varying distinctiveness of quantitatively ordered items.

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