Разработка и оценка качества сухого концентрата напитка на основе модифицированного пектина с добавлением женьшеня и элеутерококка

Разработана технология и рецептура сухого концентрата напитка, содержащего функциональные ингредиенты: модифицированный пектин из Phyllospadix iwatensis, гинсенозиды, элеутерозиды и аскорбиновую кислоту. Определены дозы всех ингредиентов с учетом норм суточного потребления. Исследован процесс гранулирования композиции пектина и сахарозы с добавлением настойки женьшеня и экстракта элеутерококка. Содержание пектина, гинсенозидов, элеутерозидов и аскорбиновой кислоты в однократной дозировке напитка (10 г) составляет 100% от адекватного суточного уровня потребления каждого из данных ингредиентов. Проведена органолептическая оценка напитка и определены его основные физико-химические показатели. The technology for producing dry concentrate for a functional beverage based on the modified pectin from the sea grass Phyllospadix iwatensis added with ginseng tincture and eleutherococcus extract is described in the article. To classify the beverage as a functional one, we used a composition containing 20% pectin. The quantitative content of the total ginsenosides (in terms of ginsenoside Rg1) was defined by the spectrophotometric method at a wavelength of 526 nm. The eleutheroside B and ascorbic acid quantity was defined by HPLC with spectrophotometric detection at 270 nm and 243 nm, respectively. To improve the organoleptic characteristics, citric acid and stevioside were added to the beverage. The beverage formula was developed in accordance with the requirements of the State Standard of Russia number 28188-2014 and with the norms of the daily consumption. The content of pectin, ginsenosides, eleutherosides and ascorbic acid in a unit dosage of the drink (10 g) is 100% of the adequate daily intake of each of these ingredients. The organoleptic evaluation of the drink was carried out in accordance with ISO 11035: 1994 and the State Standard of Russia number 6687.5-86. The basic physical -chemical indicators (titrated acidity, humidity, mass fraction of dry substances and minerals) were determined.

Эффективность системы государственной поддержки региональных инвестиционных проектов на Дальнем Востоке России

В статье приведено понятие регионального инвестиционного проекта (далее − РИП) как инструмента реализации региональной инвестиционной политики. Проанализирован международной опыт реализации региональной инвестиционной политики. Приведен анализ нормативно-правовой базы, регламентирующей государственную поддержку РИП в Дальневосточном федеральном округе, на основании которого идентифицирована система государственной поддержки. Выявлены противоречия в составе элементов системы. В результате проведенной оценки выявлена недостаточная эффективность функционирования системы. The article describes the concept of a regional investment pro-ject (RIP). Regional investment projects are created in accord-ance with the regional development strategy. They are the in-struments for the regional investment policy implementation in a country of the federal structure. Those projects significantly impact on the socio-economic indicators of the region. The in-ternational experience of the regional investment policy imple-mentation was analyzed. This policy is aimed at reducing spa-tial differentiation. The Russian Far East regions require sup-port for the regional investment projects to ensure the advanced socio-economic development in accordance with the Federal government priorities. The effectiveness of the state support system is important for the RIPs. The structure of this system was identified and analyzed in the article. As a result of the analysis the contradictions in the composition of the system elements were found. At the federal level, there is no unified approach to identifying the ways to achieve the goals of the Russian Far East socio-economic development. Besides, contradictions were defined between the organizations providing the RIP support. The support system effectiveness was estimated quantitatively. The performance of the individual RIPs was assessed at the first stage. The regional investment management efficiency was estimated at the second stage. As a result of the estimation, it was found that the system was not functioning efficiently and that the current configuration of the RIP support system didn’t allow achieving the advanced socio-economic development of the Russian Far East regions.

Теоретические подходы к изучению инновационного финансирования в условиях улучшения инвестиционного климата

В статье рассматривается историческая эволюция и сравнительные характеристики методов финансирования, которые классифицируются авторами как традиционные, переходные и инновационные. В процессе исследования применяются методы причинно-следственного и структурно- логического анализа, что позволяет перейти от теоретического обзора методов финансирования к изучению особенностей инновационных источников финансирования на основе крауд-платформ с точки зрения ресурсов, инвесторов и механизма реализации. Полученные результаты исследования подчеркивают значимость и необходимость внедрения новых финансовых технологий в рамках общей цифровизации в части краудфандинга, краудинвестинга и краудлен- динга в экономику России, что позволит обеспечить устойчивый экономический рост российским предприятиям. At all stages of the economy development and growth the issue of creating the system of financial sources, affordable and meeting the demands of the business entities financial activities, was one of the most acute. Fundamentally new sources and methods of the enterprises financing are being developed due to the world community entering the fourth industrial revolution. The traditional methods, such as bank lending, commercial lending, payables, leasing, factoring, venture financing and issuing securities can no longer be completely adequate to the occurring changes speed and mobility, including the financial sector and the field of capital formation. The authors of the article considered the features of the modern financial market, analyzed the methods of financing depending on the period of financing (short-term, medium-term, long-term), as well as on the extent of the company treatment (internal and external sources). Based on the systematization and generalization of the scientific and practical ground in this area, the authors developed and logically proved their own classification of financing methods, conventionally divided into groups according to the historical chronology - traditional, transitional, and innovative. The most challenging from the point of view of the internet technologies development and the general digitalization of the economy are such forms as crowdfunding, crowdinvesting and crowdlending. The authors provided the comparative analysis of the funding sources which are included into these groups and proved the necessity for developing and introducing the crowding technologies into the country's economy. To understand and implement the practical mechanism for introducing the Crowd technologies into the modern financial sector of the Russian Federation, the authors analyzed the applicable regulatory framework and demonstrated the essentiality of introducing an appropriate federal legislation that would legalize the basic concepts in this area and would reduce the risks of the crowd transactions participants. As an illustration, confirming the possibility of introducing these financial instruments, the authors considered such factors as the volume of transactions and the main indicators of crowdfunding in the world. The recommendations of the authors are aimed at simplifying and accelerating Russia's joining the world of financial innovations, which would ensure sustainable economic growth for Russian enterprises.

Моделирование деятельности микропредприятий в Российских регионах

Целью исследования являлась оценка двухфакторной производственной функции, характеризующей взаимосвязь обо-рота микропредприятий от величины заработной платы работников и потока инвестиций в основной капитал. Рас-смотрена производственная функция, аналогичная функции Кобба-Дугласа, без ограничений на сумму степеней при факторах. Исследование базировалось на статистических пространственных данных, использовалась информация по 82 регионам России за 2017 г. Производственная функция представляет собой эффективный инструмент управления. Полученные новые знания имеют научное и практическое значение. The goal of the research was to estimate the two-factor production function, which characterizes the relationship between the microenterprise turnover and the employees rate of wages and the flow of investments into the fixed assets. The research examined a production function similar to that of Cobb-Douglas function, without the restrictions on the sum of degrees under factors. The research was based on statistical spatial data; using the information on 82 regions of Russia for 2017. The production function is an effective management tool. The new knowledge obtained is of scientific and practical im-portance. The methodological approach and tools proposed in the article for evaluating the production functions, describing the set of the microenterprises activities in the regions, can be applied in scientific research on the entrepreneurship issues, as well as in justifying the programs of this economy sector devel-opment at the federal and regional levels. The methodology and tools that were used in the research process can be applied in similar studies in the countries with a significant number of territorial (administrative) units. Further research is related to the evaluation of production functions for a set of microenterprises that are specialized in various types of economic activities, as well as those located in municipalities of specific regions.

Методы государственного регулирования предпринимательской деятельности: теоретические подходы и опыт реализации в развитых странах

В работе систематизирован зарубежный опыт в направлении использования методов и инструментов государственного управления малым и средним предпринимательством. Статья основана на применении процессного подхода к изучению вопроса исследования, в рамках которого акцентируется воздействие субъекта на объект, то есть под управлением в данном исследовании будет пониматься процесс воздействия субъекта управления на управляемый объект для достижения определенной цели, при наличии обратной связи, осуществляемого с учетом воздействия внешней среды. Результаты представленного исследования вносят вклад в развитие и систематизацию теории и практики предпринимательства. Создание благоприятных условий, в частности благодаря изучению зарубежного опыта, будет способствовать развитию как малого и среднего предпринимательства, так и динамичному прогрессивному развитию территории, повышая тем самым благосостояние её населения. Будущими направлениями исследования станут анализ и оценка инфраструктуры поддержки и управления предпринимательской деятельности на локальной территории региона. The purpose of this paper is to systematize foreign experience in applying the public management methods and tools for small and medium-sized businesses. The main research methods were as follows: a group of general scientific methods within the framework of comparative, logical and statistical analysis, as well as the structure analysis; a group of empirical methods, including a review of the literature and performance. A combination of the following scientific methods was used to process the factual information: dialectical, logical, comparative, method of scientific generalizations, as well as the tabular analysis. The sources were the results of the scientific research in studying the concept of "public administration method" and more specialized methods of public administration - administrative-legal and economic, as well as the regulations of the executive authorities and the official published reports of the Government Banks. The research methodology is based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of public administration, based on administrative-legal and economic methods to stimulate the entrepreneurial activity in the small business sector. This paper is based on the application of the process approach to studying the research issue, which emphasizes the impact of the subject on the object, that is, management in this study will be understood as the process of the control subject impact on the controlled object to achieve a certain goal, with feedback, carried out in response to the impact of the external environment. The results of the research contribute to the development and systematization of the entrepreneurship theory and practice. The creation of favorable conditions, in particular due to the study of foreign experience, will contribute to the development of both small and medium- sized businesses and the area progressive and dynamic development, thereby improving the well-being of its population. Future areas of the research will include the analysis and evaluation of the business support and management infrastructure in the local area of the region.

Оценка сравнительного потенциала увеличения торговли регионов Дальнего Востока со странами АТР

В рамках современного подхода к оценке гравитационных зависимостей, на основе применения метода квазимаксимального правдоподобия Пуассона, определены сравнительные значения торговых барьеров, а также сравнительный потенциал расширения торговли регионов Дальнего Востока с ключевыми экономиками Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона (далее 􀀐 АТР). При соотношении оценок, полученных в рамках традиционного и современного подходов к оценке гравитационных зависимостей, показаны схожие результаты и расхождения. Современный подход к оценке указал на заметный потенциал для расширения торговли регионов Дальнего Востока со странами Северо-Восточной Азии, что подтверждает выводы о наращивании торговых взаимодействий между крупными и близлежащими экономиками в результате либерализации торговли. The objective of the paper is to assess comparative trade barriers between the regions of the Russian Far East and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region based on the modern approach to assessing gravity models, as well as to assess the potential for increasing mutual trade. The author has shown that the countries of the Asia-Pacific region are the largest trading partners for the Russian Far East (RFE), characterizing perceptible differences in the geographical and regional structure of the trade interactions. Since the customs duties on RFE exports are high, it is the main source of the tariff burden on the mutual trade. The findings indicate the following similar results between the traditional and modern approaches: the lowest comparative value of the trade barriers is typical for the trade between the RFE and the Republic of Korea; the trade between the RFE on the one hand and China and the Republic of Korea on the other has intensified; reducing the tariff barriers was not sufficient to boost the trade between the RFE and the Asia-Pacific countries; trade restrictions initiated by the Russian side resulted in a transition from the tariff barriers to the institutional ones; the groups of the RFE regions with similar characteristics of the comparative potential for expanding trade relations with the Asia-Pacific countries were identified. The evaluation shows some differences in outcomes between the two approaches. First, under the traditional approach the trade barriers were generally overestimated, so the estimates using the modern approach were more realistic, reflecting the possible changes in the price of foreign goods. Second, using the modern assessment approach, expanding the trade between the RFE regions and the close markets in the Northeast Asia (Korea, China and Japan) has a greater potential than with the remote countries (USA and South-Asian countries). These assessments support the early findings that trade interactions between the large and neighboring economies has a high potential as a result of trade liberalization.

Итоги и ключевые риски реализации комплексного плана модернизации и расширения магистральной инфраструктуры

Транспортная инфраструктура является одним из факторов социально-экономического и пространственного развития территорий. Принятый в 2018 г. комплексный план модернизации и расширения магистральной инфраструктуры призван разрешить ряд инфраструктурных проблем России, обеспечить развитие транспортных коридоров, повышение экономической связанности. В ходе исследования выявлено, что, несмотря на достижение ряда позитивных изменений в магистральной инфраструктуре, полноценная реализация плана может быть поставлена под угрозу, что обусловлено рядом системных и организационных рисков и проблем. The developed transport infrastructure is one of the factors for the Russian Federation socio-economic and spatial development, as it ensures the area-to-space relationship, helps to reduce the economic distance and increase the migration and transport mobility of the population, etc. However, to implement these objectives successfully, it is necessary to expand and modernize the transport infrastructure, taking into consideration the promising trends. A significant role is assigned to the Federal strategic documents that set out the main provisions, forms, methods and tools for implementing the state policy. The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize risks in implementing the Comprehensive plan for upgrading and expanding the trunk infrastructure until 2025 based on the results of the first full year of its implementing. Methods of monographic, comparative analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical analysis were used during the research. As a result, it was found that the implementation of the Comprehensive plan may be jeopardized, mainly due to non-compliance with the project deadlines as well as due to the institutional risk problems, which were highlighted: inadequate regulatory and methodological framework, that complicates the implementation; difficulties in monitoring the implementation; low level of the list of activities coordination. There are organizational problems and obstacles to the implementation of the plan containing the provisions of the Russian Federation President Decree of May 7, 2018 No. 204 "On the national goals and strategic objectives for the Russian Federation development for the period untill 2024". Studying the plan settings and the main outcomes of its implementation as well as the results of the content analysis of the experts and scientists expert opinions allowed to identify and substantiate the key risks and challenges in the implementation of the Comprehensive plan, which will help to achieve the set goals and objectives. The results of the work can be used by researchers in conducting their research on similar topics, as well as in the activities of the Federal and regional authorities in the development and adjustment of strategies and programs for socio-economic, transport and spatial development.

Модели экономического влияния рекламы: первичные эффекты

Настоящая работа представляет собой вторую часть цикла из пяти статей, посвященных обзору существующих моделей, методов и взглядов на эффекты воздействия экономического института рекламы на рынок на всех возможных уровнях. В ней рассмотрен самый нижний уровень влияния рекламы, связанный с изменением под ее воздействием поведения конечных потребителей. Эффекты, оказываемые рекламой на них, являются первичными эффектами, так как именно с них «начинается» цепочка рекламного влияния на рынок. В работе рассмотрены убеждающая и информативная функции рекламы, сопоставлены визуальные и текстовые ее варианты, обсуждаются основные положения когнитивного и поведенческого подходов к анализу воздействия рекламы на формирование потребительского спроса. Кроме того, описаны кратко- и долгосрочные первичные эффекты и особенности их учета и моделирования с помощью функций спроса и основанная на этом методология перехода к анализу поведения фирм, стремящихся использовать рекламное воздействие для достижения своих стратегических целей. The present work continues a cycle of review articles dedicated to a comprehensive description and analysis of effects caused by advertising as an economic institution on the whole economy on different levels. Whereas the introductive part of the cycle gives a general classification of such effects, the current work considers the lowest level of advertising impact associated with changes in the end consumers behavior. This class of effects may be regarded as the primary since they start the chain of advertising impact on the whole market. The paper considers the persuasive and informative functions of advertising, compares its visual and textual variants, discusses the main provisions of the cognitive and behavioral approaches to the analysis of the impact of advertising on the consumer demand formation as well as main models of advertising communication. In addition, short and long-term primary effects and the specifics of their accounting and modeling using demand functions and the methodology based on this for the transition to the analysis of the behavior of firms seeking to use advertising influence to achieve their strategic goals are described.

Сравнительный анализ реализации программ цифрового развития России и стран Северо-Восточной Азии

Предпринята попытка сравнить степень внедрения цифровых решений в ключевые области жизни, такие как предпринимательство, экономика, государственное управление в России и странах Северо-Восточной Азии. Выявлены сегменты, в которых Россия сильно уступает своим восточным соседям, а также определены возможные направления цифровизации, в которых она может составить конкуренцию, а в приоритете занять ведущую роль, став своеобразным держателем стандарта и ключевым игроком по определению дальнейшей траектории развития соответствующих технологий. This paper attempts to compare the degree of the digital solutions implementation in the key areas of life, such as entrepreneurship, Economics, and public administration in Russia and in the countries of North-East Asia. The Japanese strategy «Society 5.0» is widely known in the world. In South Korea, the efforts are focused on the creative economy development. China shows a keen interest in the development of the digital economy and, moreover, claims to be the global domination and standards settler in the newly emerging areas of technological development. In Russia, at the moment, the main focus is on the development of information infrastructure and digital public administration, while the statutory regulation and personnel training are noticeably lagging behind. The segments in which Russia is significantly inferior to its Eastern neighbors have been identified, possible areas of digitalization in which it can compete, and in the priority to take a leading role, becoming a kind of standard holder and a key player in determining the future trajectory of the appropriate technologies’ development have also been identified.

Определение атрибутов потребительской ценности медицинских услуг

В работе предложен методический подход к определению атрибутов потребительской ценности медицинской услуги. Представлены результаты, полученные в рамках четырёх этапов исследования: контент-анализа тематических источников по сочетающимся словам, группировки и соотнесении атрибутов, а также глубинного интервью с экспертами из медицинской сферы. This investigation introduces a methodological approach which allows to define the attributes for medical services consumer value. The study concentrates on the primary need to determine the medical services consumer value. The proposed methodological approach to determine the attributes for medical services consumer value contains four stages, namely: 1) content analysis; 2) attributes grouping; 3) attributes systematization 4) detailed interview with experts. The content analysis of topical texts was conducted using the harmonious words found in contemporary Russian and foreign studies. More than 4000 various mentioned attributes for the medical service consumer value were analyzed. All attributes were then grouped by the type of consumers’ benefits and costs. The medical service consumer value attributes were arranged in accordance with the elements of 7P marketing mix. The frequency of the mentioned attributes for medical service consumer value was calculated based on the results of the content analysis and detailed interview with the experts from the medical sector. The results of the investigation are important for assessing the medical service consumer value.