A Formalised Approach to Optimal Adoption of a Complex of Technical Means

The research relates to the field of automation of technological preparation of production in transport equipment manufacturing sector and proposes the concept of choosing the optimal design model for a complex of technical means within a control system in automated production. The factors characterising the dynamics of the processes have been studied, and the corresponding mathematical models have been drawn up, considering the cost characteristics and the economic feasibility of adopting integratedtechnical means.The main objective of this work is to propose consideration of all parameters that have weight, including the dynamics of technical and economic processes. It is shown that cost characteristics are direct indicators of economic efficiency of the implemented complex of technical means.Methodically, this work was carried out based on economic and mathematical analysis of adoption of a complex of technical means at a transport equipment manufacturing enterprise considering approaches previously suggested by researchers.Thus, for the most accurate determination of the final cost of a certain product option, it is necessary to consider all factors of design decisions. Based on these data, a model of cost characteristics of products is built, analysing which it is possible to select the optimal product design, optimal assemblies and units with specific components and specific quality indicators. This allows obtaining the optimal technological version of the design solution during manufacturing.A method of searching for an optimal production cycle when introducing an automated production system is proposed. It is proposed to consider the losses associated with temporary freezing of funds, including the need to perform a convolution of optimization criteria. To formalise the process of making optimal decisions, it is also proposed to harmonise the products and market needs. Besides, the search methodology should include the search for an optimal group of employees responsible for implementation of specific and narrowly focused tasks, which makes it possible to improve the quality indicators of automated production with an adopted complex of technical means (CTM).To minimise the time spent on entire commissioning of a product from the development stage to receipt of the finished product, it is required to speed up the development work. This can be done by increasing production capacity, as well as by reducing the time of partial cycles of the structure’s existence.Even though the model is becoming excessively redundant, we suppose that introduction of additional elements is necessary to consider all the nuances that help choosing the best solution regarding optimisation issues, which will allow determining of the full economic efficiency of the complex.

ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF ROBOTIZATION OF THE SOCIAL SPHERE

The main goal of the article is to highlight the basic stages of the formation of a new direction in robotics, known as social, to show approaches in the classification of social robots, their scope of application. The main difference between social robots and industrial robots is their interactive interaction with humans. Descriptions of social robots have made, which used in various countries, their market prospects and individual cost characteristics. It is mentioned that the Armenian social robot ROBIN is a few times cheaper than similar foreign prototypes.

Methodology for improving the decision support system in order to reduce the probability of environmental accidents at gas production industry

The aim of this work is to establish the key correlations between the technological, economic and environmental characteristics of gas production industry. To solve this problem, methods of mathematical modeling, fuzzy logic, and management theory were used. A generalized criterion was constructed that serves to assess the cost characteristics of measures for the implementation of management decisions developed by the decision support system and aimed at reducing the probability of environmental accidents.

The problem of measuring the quantity of output in the input–output model by W. Leontief in modeling the trends in economic reproduction of nations and regions

Subject. This article deals with the problem of constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix. Objectives. The article aims to determine the rules for constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix on the basis of data on production time and quantity of product output. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical and mathematical analyses. Results. The article formulates the rules for constructing a Leontief's input–output matrix, taking into account differences in the time of production, quantity of output, as well as the conditions for the reproduction of the resources expended. It summarizes these rules for the J. von Neumann model. Conclusions. The proposed approach to the analysis of the material mechanism of economic reproduction defines the relationship between the quantitative and cost characteristics of the production and consumption of products and resources. This relationship opens up new opportunities for the application of input–output models to create simple and accurate algorithms for identifying and predicting the macroeconomic trends.

The Use of 3D Printing Technology for Manufacturing Metal Antennas in the 5G/IoT Context

With the rise of 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), and networks operating in the mmWave frequencies, a huge growth of connected sensors will be a reality, and high gain antennas will be desired to compensate for the propagation issues, and with low cost, characteristics inherent to metallic radiating structures. 3D printing technology is a possible solution in this way, as it can print an object with high precision at a reduced cost. This paper presents different methods to fabricate typical metal antennas using 3D printing technology. These techniques were applied as an example to pyramidal horn antennas designed for a central frequency of 28 GHz. Two techniques were used to metallize a structure that was printed with polylactic acid (PLA), one with copper tape and other with a conductive spray-paint. A third method consists of printing an antenna completely using a conductive filament. All prototypes combine good results with low production cost. The antenna printed with the conductive filament achieved a better gain than the other structures and showed a larger bandwidth. The analysis recognizes the vast potential of these 3D-printed structures for IoT applications, as an alternative to producing conventional commercial antennas.

Smart Collaborative Performance-Induced Parameter Identification Algorithms for Synchronous Reluctance Machine Magnetic Model

In rail transit traction, due to the remarkable energy-saving and low-cost characteristics, synchronous reluctance motors (SynRM) may be a potential substitute for traditional AC motors. However, in the parameter extraction of SynRM nonlinear magnetic model, the accuracy and robustness of the metaheuristic algorithm is restricted by the excessive dependence on fitness evaluation. In this paper, a novel probability-driven smart collaborative performance (SCP) is defined to quantify the comprehensive contribution of candidate solution in current population. With the quantitative results of SCP as feedback in-formation, an algorithm updating mechanism with improved evolutionary quality is established. The allocation of computing resources induced by SCP achieves a good balance between exploration and exploitation. Comprehensive experiment results demonstrate better effectiveness of SCP-induced algorithms to the proposed synchronous reluctance machine magnetic model. Accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithms are ranked first in the comparison result statistics with other well-known algorithms.

Dual Sourcing and Smoothing Under Nonstationary Demand Time Series: Reshoring with SpeedFactories

We investigate near-shoring a small part of the global production to local SpeedFactories that serve only the variable demand. The short lead time of the responsive SpeedFactory reduces the risk of making large volumes in advance, yet it does not involve a complete reshoring of demand. Using a break-even analysis, we investigate the lead time, demand, and cost characteristics that make dual sourcing with a SpeedFactory desirable compared with complete off-shoring. Our analysis uses a linear generalization of the celebrated order-up-to inventory policy to settings where capacity costs exist. The policy allows for order smoothing to reduce capacity costs and performs well relative to the (unknown) optimal policy. We highlight the significant impact of auto-correlated and nonstationary demand series, which are prevalent in practice yet challenging to analyze, on the economic benefit of reshoring. Methodologically, we adopt a linear policy and normally distributed demand and use Z–transforms to present exact analyses. This paper was accepted by Jayashankar Swaminathan, operations management.

Cost as Calculation Category

The article considers the possibility of calculating indicators of the theoretical cost category using modern inter-industry interregional tools for forecasting economic development. The principles of displaying production relationships implemented in them and the resulting calculated indicators in the cost dimension do not contradict the categories of classical political economy. In parallel, the concept of redistribution of nominal value by means of Finance between interconnected producers and consumers was introduced when applying the intersectoral approach. The paper provides an example of calculations. The usual financial statements are used as an instrumental basis, but the number of employees is set as an input measure of all costs. As a result, all calculated data: prices (aggregated prices), indices of their changes in dynamics, current financial flows are recalculated in labor costs. The tables below represent the corresponding indicators aggregated by region. Despite the proximity of the financial and cost categories, the use of cost characteristics in financial instruments to calculate them affects the quantitative results to a certain extent. In particular, comparison of indicators of forecasts of financial and cost statements of tasks connected with one initial base of tasks of material composition shows the following. The dynamics of changes in the total income of the population, budgets, volume of loans, etc. for indicators in value units are overwhelmingly lower than the corresponding values of the mentioned purely financial task. This suggests that the rates calculated in current prices (the financial task) have a greater inflationary impact than similar indicators calculated in value units. Or, regional differentiation of calculated units of product value above the corresponding indices of consolidated prices of purely financial statements. To a certain extent, this is due to the fact that the task adopted assumptions for a certain alignment of economic activity conditions by region due to the differentiation of Federal taxes.

MECHANISM OF REPRODUCING TECHNICAL RESOURCES OF ENTERPRISES IN THE PROCESS OF THEIR FUNCTIONING

The specific character of reproducing and maintaining the quality and productivity of technical resources is considered from the point of view of their economic essence and economic behavior in the production process. The views of domestic and foreign scientists are analyzed regarding the subject-functional and monetary definition of the enterprises’ capital, а part of which is the cost of technical resources. Understanding the properties of technical resources as a part of the enterprise total capital allowed identifying the basic statements. The relationship between the reproduction of technical resources and their total value in the process of functioning, namely the turnover and transition of their monetary equivalent to the material equivalent and vice versa has been shown. The steps of movement of the technical resources monetary equivalent are presented and considered in three stages: formation of the stage, at which the enterprise money capital is transformed into technical resources; the stage of technical resources production use and that of resources conversion into monetary form in the process of which the relationship between the state of technical resources capabilities and their cost characteristics changes. The character of economic transformations in the process of movement is described; the method of creating and adding cash flow formed by technical resource, to the money capital of the enterprise is considered. It has been proposed to use a linear rate depreciation accounting, from the beginning of the technical resources acquisition and throughout useful life using of the capital discount rate, in order to prevent partial loss of value of the initial capital invested in technical resources. It has been shown that the use of technical resources is expedient until the value of the monetary product is equal to their discounted price. The research pursued showed that for timely innovative reproduction of technical resources as part of the enterprise capital cost, these resources must perform the main function – that of forming additional value (additional profit).