Short term projection of house values, rents and income for small areas: The Santa Clara County housing projection model

1973 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Franklin M. Lockfeld
Keyword(s):  
Short Term ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
House Values ◽  
Santa Clara County

scholarly journals Effects of a Short-Term Trampling Experiment on Alpine Vegetation in the Tatras, Slovakia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2750
Author(s):  
Veronika Piscová ◽  
Michal Ševčík ◽  
Juraj Hreško ◽  
František Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Outdoor Recreation ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Alpine Communities

Over the past decades, outdoor recreation in mountains has become progressively more important and as a result human induced potential damage has increased. Alpine communities are particularly susceptible to human recreational activities, such as tourist trampling. Although there are a number of studies that explicitly assess the effects of trampling on alpine communities, they do not reflect on terrains with a rich topography and the presence of more communities in very small areas. In this study, effects of short-term trampling on some alpine communities in the Tatras, the highest mountains of the Carpathians, were studied experimentally. Vulnerability to disturbance was compared among plant communities in terms of resistance and resilience, which are based on cover measurements. With proximity to trampling intensity, we found a significant decrease in plant cover and abundance of deciduous shrubs, lichens, and mosses. These results demonstrate that human trampling in alpine communities has major negative impacts on lichen and moss abundance and species richness. A short-term trampling experiment required several years of community regeneration. Therefore, management plans should discourage hiking activity off paths and restrict recreational activities.

scholarly journals Short-term stock assessment of Loligo gahi at the Falkland Islands: sequential use of stochastic biomass projection and stock depletion models

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Roa-Ureta ◽  
Alexander I. Arkhipkin
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Scaling Factor ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Biomass Estimate ◽  
Projected Length ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Stock Depletion

Abstract Roa-Ureta, R. and Arkhipkin, A. I. 2007. Short-term stock assessment of Loligo gahi at the Falkland Islands: sequential use of stochastic biomass projection and stock depletion models – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64, 3–17. Two short-term stock assessment models are combined to examine the pre-season, in-season, and post-season dynamics of the Loligo gahi fishery off the Falkland Islands over four consecutive fishing seasons. A stochastic biomass projection model (SBPM) projects a pre-season survey-based biomass estimate from the date of the survey to the start of the season. A stock depletion model (SDM) assesses in-season biomass from commercial daily catch-and-effort data. The SBPM projects the SDM biomass estimate at the end of the season to a post-season date of spawning. Combining the SBPM and the SDM helps to clarify the spatio-temporal functioning of the stock and to assess the comparability of survey- and fishery-based estimates of biomass. For the first 2005 season, projected length frequencies indicate two pulses of recruitment onto the fishing grounds. Survey-based projections of biomass were lower than equivalent fishery-based estimates. Over two surveys, the sex ratio was balanced, suggesting full recruitment of both sexes onto the fishing grounds, and the ratio of survey-projected to fishing-estimated biomass was constant. This constant is interpreted as a scaling factor between survey biomass and absolute biomass.

scholarly journals Changes in forest landscape due to agricultural activities and their influence on natural ecosystems: the eastern Galician mountains

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
I.J. Diaz-Maroto ◽  
M.C. Diaz-Maroto
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Biodiversity Maintenance ◽  
Major Transformation ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Church

Abstract Forest and agricultural landscapes are vital in relation to biodiversity. Protection policies in such areas should include incentives to enable the common landuse practices. Conservation cannot be addressed in the short term because these landscapes have evolved as socio-ecological systems and provide optimal conditions for biodiversity maintenance. They occur in areas where agriculture has not changed significantly as in the eastern Galician mountains. The landscape dynamics has been shaped by human involvement during centuries. We analyzed how the landscape has evolved according to environmental, socioeconomic and historical changes with the aim of proposing actions for its conservation. The study focused on the recovery of natural hardwood forests which have been intensively exploited since ancient times. Over the past few centuries, these forests have been transformed to agricultural land, felled for use in the naval, metallurgical and railway industries, expropriated from the Church, and affected by wildfire; more recently, have been replaced by fast growing species. Today, broadleaved forests cover small areas of rugged land where the topography often precludes other land uses. In conclusion, although the landscape in the study area has undergone a major transformation, now this land is a priority for biodiversity conservation.

scholarly journals A Tool for Providing Data on Small Areas: Development of Neighborhood Profiles for Santa Clara County, California, 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney L. Webber ◽  
Pamela Stoddard ◽  
Brianna van Erp ◽  
Mandeep Baath ◽  
Greg Bazhaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Areas ◽  
Santa Clara County

scholarly journals Experiments of Conceptual Mathematical Groundwater Dynamics and Runoff Modelling in Latvia

1993 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Krams ◽  
A. Ziverts
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Groundwater Dynamics ◽  
Soil Water Regime ◽  
Subsurface Runoff

A mathematical model METUL for estimating the daily groundwater level and drainage, surface and subsurface runoff in small areas is described. Input data for the model are daily mean values of air temperature, precipitation and vapour pressure deficit, as well as the occurrence and disappearance of snow cover. Questions about the determination of the model's parameters are discussed, and the results of the model's application to experimental areas in two drainages are analyzed. The model's usefulness in objectively determining the soil water regime of small areas after only short-term groundwater level observations is shown.

Near-Real-Time Forecast of Satellite-Based Soil Moisture Using Long Short-Term Memory with an Adaptive Data Integration Kernel

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuai Fang ◽  
Chaopeng Shen
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Integration ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Projection Model ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Short Term Memory

AbstractNowcasts, or near-real-time (NRT) forecasts, of soil moisture based on the Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) mission could provide substantial value for a range of applications including hazards monitoring and agricultural planning. To provide such a NRT forecast with high fidelity, we enhanced a time series deep learning architecture, long short-term memory (LSTM), with a novel data integration (DI) kernel to assimilate the most recent SMAP observations as soon as they become available. The kernel is adaptive in that it can accommodate irregular observational schedules. Testing over the CONUS, this NRT forecast product showcases predictions with unprecedented accuracy when evaluated against subsequent SMAP retrievals. It showed smaller error than NRT forecasts reported in the literature, especially at longer forecast latency. The comparative advantage was due to LSTM’s structural improvements, as well as its ability to utilize more input variables and more training data. The DI-LSTM was compared to the original LSTM model that runs without data integration, referred to as the projection model here. We found that the DI procedure removed the autocorrelated effects of forcing errors and errors due to processes not represented in the inputs, for example, irrigation and floodplain/lake inundation, as well as mismatches due to unseen forcing conditions. The effects of this purely data-driven DI kernel are discussed for the first time in the geosciences. Furthermore, this work presents an upper-bound estimate for the random component of the SMAP retrieval error.

scholarly journals Assessment of Commuter Satisfaction in the Usage of Bus-Shelters: the Ataköy Zone 5 and Beşyol Metrobus Stops, Istanbul

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Gökçen Firdevs Yücel Caymaz
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Physical Design ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
General Satisfaction ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Spatial Design ◽  
Anthropometric Characteristics

Abstract Bus shelters, which form a part of daily lives of people, generally provide service as small areas of urban space created for short-term periods of waiting. From the perspective of spatial design, it is important that an environment of good quality is provided for users of bus-shelters. This study proposed hypotheses to research how the physical design of bus shelters (location-accessibility, anthropometric characteristics, roofing and walls, lighting, electronic information, seating, etc.) affected general satisfaction of their users. To establish users’ general satisfaction, direct observation was performed and the hypotheses were tested through surveys conducted at bus-shelters selected in two areas of Istanbul (Ataköy-Beşyol) with different economic levels, and an assessment was made of the users’ satisfaction analyses and related problems of bus shelter design. In the conclusion, it was established that there is a significant correlation between general satisfaction and, among other things, the perceived degree of difficulty in getting on and off buses, the harmonization of bus shelter design with the surroundings, the adequacy of a shelter for summer use, the comfort of a shelter, the adequacy of seating, and the extent to which the shelter is maintained.

Evaluating space-time models for short-term cancer mortality risk predictions in small areas

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaione Etxeberria ◽  
Tomás Goicoa ◽  
Maria D. Ugarte ◽  
Ana F. Militino
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Cancer Mortality Risk

scholarly journals Estimation of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Prevalence in Santa Clara County

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Yadlowsky ◽  
Nigam Shah ◽  
Jacob Steinhardt
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Health Planning ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Population Size ◽  
Santa Clara County ◽  
True Number ◽  
Regional Health Systems

SummaryTo reliably estimate the demand on regional health systems and perform public health planning, it is necessary to have a good estimate of the prevalence of infection with SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) in the population. In the absence of wide-spread testing, we provide one approach to infer prevalence based on the assumption that the fraction of true infections needing hospitalization is fixed and that all hospitalized cases of COVID-19 in Santa Clara are identified.Our goal is to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infections, i.e. the true number of people currently infected with the virus, divided by the total population size.Our analysis suggests that as of March 17, 2020, there are 6,500 infections (0.34% of the population) of SARS-CoV-2 in Santa Clara County. Based on adjusting the parameters of our model to be optimistic (respectively pessimistic), the number of infections would be 1,400 (resp. 26,000), corresponding to a prevalence of 0.08% (resp. 1.36%). If the shelter-in-place led to R0 < 1, we would expect the number of infections to remain about constant for the next few weeks. However, even if this were true, we expect to continue to see an increase in hospitalized cases of COVID-19 in the short term due to the fact that infection of SARS-CoV-2 on March 17th can lead to hospitalizations up to 14 days later.

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