HIV-1 infection of a CD4-negative primary cell type: The oligodendrocyte

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew V. Albright ◽  
Ehud Lavi ◽  
Michael O'Connor ◽  
Francisco González-Scarano
Author(s):  
Sabriye Sennur Bilgin ◽  
Mehmet Ali Gultekin ◽  
Ismail Yurtsever ◽  
Temel Fatih Yilmaz ◽  
Dilek Hacer Cesme ◽  
...  

2014 ◽  
Vol 115 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Bradshaw ◽  
Jessica Trombetta eSilva ◽  
Erik Eadie ◽  
Thomas K Borg

Cardiac fibroblasts are generally considered the primary cell type that controls extracellular matrix homeostasis in the heart. Distinct changes in amounts and composition of extracellular matrix occur from birth to old age. Accordingly, age-dependent alterations in cardiac extracellular matrix are an important factor governing response to injury and pathological remodeling. Whereas cardiac myocytes are surrounded by a basal lamina, cardiac fibroblasts do not assemble a cell-adjacent basal lamina. Evidence is presented that in addition to fibrillar collagen production, cardiac fibroblasts are also the primary cell type responsible for the production of collagen IV. First, patterns and abundance of collagen IV in murine heart was established in sections from neonate, adult, and aged mice. Second, production of collagen IV by fibroblasts grown in 3-D fibrin gels was assessed by confocal microscopy and quantification by immmunoblot analysis. Finally, co-cultures of cardiac fibroblasts with myocytes were performed to show that fibroblasts are the primary cell type producing collagen IV under these conditions. The basal lamina of the myocytes plays a critical role in aligning and tethering myocytes together as well as making connections to the interstitial collagen fibers of the heart. Hence, production of collagen IV by cardiac fibroblasts would provide a mechanism by which cardiac fibroblasts assist in aligning and securing cardiac myocyte alignment and structural integrity via basal lamina production.


Author(s):  
Jiehua Zhou ◽  
Haitang Li ◽  
Shirley Li ◽  
John Zaia ◽  
John Rossi

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis-Pierre Bemelmans ◽  
Sébastien Bonnel ◽  
Leïla Houhou ◽  
Noëlle Dufour ◽  
Emeline Nandrot ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (23) ◽  
Author(s):  
Augustin Penda Twizerimana ◽  
Rachel Scheck ◽  
Daniel Becker ◽  
Zeli Zhang ◽  
Marianne Wammers ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Pandemic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is the result of the zoonotic transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) from the chimpanzee subspecies Pan troglodytes troglodytes (SIVcpzPtt). The related subspecies Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii is the host of a similar virus, SIVcpzPts, which did not spread to humans. We tested these viruses with small-molecule capsid inhibitors (PF57, PF74, and GS-CA1) that interact with a binding groove in the capsid that is also used by CPSF6. While HIV-1 was sensitive to capsid inhibitors in cell lines, human macrophages, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), SIVcpzPtt was resistant in rhesus FRhL-2 cells and human PBMCs but was sensitive to PF74 in human HOS and HeLa cells. SIVcpzPts was insensitive to PF74 in FRhL-2 cells, HeLa cells, PBMCs, and macrophages but was inhibited by PF74 in HOS cells. A truncated version of CPSF6 (CPSF6-358) inhibited SIVcpzPtt and HIV-1, while in contrast, SIVcpzPts was resistant to CPSF6-358. Homology modeling of HIV-1, SIVcpzPtt, and SIVcpzPts capsids and binding energy estimates suggest that these three viruses bind similarly to the host proteins cyclophilin A (CYPA) and CPSF6 as well as the capsid inhibitor PF74. Cyclosporine treatment, mutation of the CYPA-binding loop in the capsid, or CYPA knockout eliminated the resistance of SIVcpzPts to PF74 in HeLa cells. These experiments revealed that the antiviral capacity of PF74 is controlled by CYPA in a virus- and cell type-specific manner. Our data indicate that SIVcpz viruses can use infection pathways that escape the antiviral activity of PF74. We further suggest that the antiviral activity of PF74 capsid inhibitors depends on cellular cofactors. IMPORTANCE HIV-1 originated from SIVcpzPtt but not from the related virus SIVcpzPts, and thus, it is important to describe molecular infection by SIVcpzPts in human cells to understand the zoonosis of SIVs. Pharmacological HIV-1 capsid inhibitors (e.g., PF74) bind a capsid groove that is also a binding site for the cellular protein CPSF6. SIVcpzPts was resistant to PF74 in HeLa cells but sensitive in HOS cells, thus indicating cell line-specific resistance. Both SIVcpz viruses showed resistance to PF74 in human PBMCs. Modulating the presence of cyclophilin A or its binding to capsid in HeLa cells overcame SIVcpzPts resistance to PF74. These results indicate that early cytoplasmic infection events of SIVcpzPts may differ between cell types and affect, in an unknown manner, the antiviral activity of capsid inhibitors. Thus, capsid inhibitors depend on the activity or interaction of currently uncharacterized cellular factors.


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