Indirect estimation of the underground standing crop of individual plant species of natural grassland communities

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Behera ◽  
S. R. Misra ◽  
B. N. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Indirect Estimation ◽  
Grassland Communities ◽  
Natural Grassland

Plant induced spatial distribution of nematodes in a semi-natural grassland

Nematology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Viketoft
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Nematode Communities ◽  
The Family ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Nematode Fauna

AbstractThis study describes the nematode community in a semi-natural grassland and investigates if certain individual plant species can cause a spatial structure in the nematode fauna. Nematode communities were analysed in soil under Trifolium repens, Festuca ovina and from randomly taken samples. Seventy-nine nematode genera were identified. Some of the species found have not previously been reported from Sweden. Multivariate analysis separated the nematode communities associated with the two selected plant species from each other, and several individual nematode genera differed in abundance between the plant species. Trifolium repens supported greater populations of the plant feeder Tylenchorhynchus and the bacterial feeders Eucephalobus, Chiloplacus, Eumonhystera and Panagrolaimus, but fewer numbers of the bacterial feeder Achromadora. Soil under F. ovina contained more nematodes from the family Alaimidae. A comparison is given with other studies from grassland systems in Sweden.

scholarly journals Interactions Between Individual Plant Species and Soil Nutrient Status in Shortgrass Steppe

Ecology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1116-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann Vinton ◽  
Ingrid C. Burke
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Shortgrass Steppe ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Soil Nutrient Status

The effect of niche filtering on plant species abundance in temperate grassland communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josep Padullés Cubino ◽  
Irena Axmanová ◽  
Zdeňka Lososová ◽  
Martin Večeřa ◽  
Ariel Bergamini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Temperate Grassland ◽  
Grassland Communities

Impacts of erosion control treatments on native vegetation recovery after severe wildfire in the Eastern Cascades, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich K. Dodson ◽  
David W. Peterson ◽  
Richy J. Harrod
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Tree Regeneration ◽  
Vegetation Recovery ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Native Plant

Slope stabilisation treatments like mulching and seeding are used to increase soil cover and reduce runoff and erosion following severe wildfires, but may also retard native vegetation recovery. We evaluated the effects of seeding and fertilisation on the cover and richness of native and exotic plants and on individual plant species following the 2004 Pot Peak wildfire in Washington State, USA. We applied four seeding and three fertilisation treatments to experimental plots at eight burned sites in spring 2005 and surveyed vegetation during the first two growing seasons after fire. Seeding significantly reduced native non-seeded species richness and cover by the second year. Fertilisation increased native plant cover in both years, but did not affect plant species richness. Seeding and fertilisation significantly increased exotic cover, especially when applied in combination. However, exotic cover and richness were low and treatment effects were greatest in the first year. Seeding suppressed several native plant species, especially disturbance-adapted forbs. Fertilisation, in contrast, favoured several native understorey plant species but reduced tree regeneration. Seeding, even with native species, appears to interfere with the natural recovery of native vegetation whereas fertilisation increases total plant cover, primarily by facilitating native vegetation recovery.

Defensive (anti-herbivory) Batesian mimicry in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simcha Lev-Yadun
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Plant Biology ◽  
Batesian Mimicry ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Toxic Plants ◽  
Animal Damage ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms

Several types of defensive Batesian mimicry seem to be much more common in plants than was historically and is currently considered. It is based either on visual aspects (shape, coloration, and even movement), on odors, and on combinations of both these sensing modalities. Various characters that seem to function as defensive Batesian mimicry, may also simultaneously take part in pollination, physiological functions, or in other defensive mechanisms. The defended models for the visual Batesian mimics in plants belong to several categories: (1) spiny, thorny and prickly plant species, (2) mechanically or chemically defended parts of the same individual plant, or other members of the same species (auto mimicry), (3) colorful and chemically defended plants, (4) dangerous animals (aggressive, toxic), (5) fungal attacks, (6) animal action and animal damage cues, and (7) oozing defensive white latex. Olfactory defended models include: (1) toxic plants, (2) animal alarm pheromones, and (3) animal carrion and feces odors. Many more descriptive, genetic, phylogenetic and experimental studies have to be done in order to better understand the role of defensive Batesian mimicry in plant biology.

Plants of Central Queensland

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Grazing Lands ◽  
Sustainable Productivity

Conservation and sustainable productivity are vital issues for Australia. In order to manage vegetation well from an agricultural, recreational or conservation point of view, an understanding of individual plant species is important. Plants of Central Queensland provides a guide for identifying and understanding the plants of the region so that pastoralists and others can be better equipped to manage the vegetation resource of our grazing lands. Central Queensland straddles the Tropic of Capricorn, although many of the plants in the book will also be found outside this area, as shown by their distribution maps. The book provides information on the habit, distribution, foliage and fruits of 525 plant species. Informative notes highlighting declared, poisonous, weed and medicinal plants are included, and plants useful for bees and bush tucker are also noted. These are the most important plants you might see if you live in or travel through central Queensland. This book has an easy-to-read, non-botanical format, with helpful photographs and distribution maps that greatly aid anyone interested in the vegetation of central Queensland. It is based on a previous work of the same title but is greatly expanded, incorporating information on an additional 285 plant species.

Root-colonizing and soil-borne communities of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in a temperate forest understorey

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ülle Saks ◽  
John Davison ◽  
Maarja Öpik ◽  
Martti Vasar ◽  
Mari Moora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Amf Communities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal ◽  
Phylogenetic Dispersion

We analyzed arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) communities in plant root samples from a natural forest ecosystem — a primeval forest in Järvselja, Estonia. AMF small-subunit (SSU) ribosomal RNA genes were subjected to 454-pyrosequencing and BLAST-based taxonomic identification. Seventy-six AMF sequence groups (virtual taxa, VT) were identified from plant roots. Taken together with seven additional VT recorded in an earlier investigation of soil AMF communities at the site, this represents the highest number of AMF reported from a single ecosystem to date. The six study plant species hosted similar AMF communities. However, AMF community composition in plant roots was significantly different from that in soil and considerably more VT were retrieved from roots than from soil. AMF VT identified from plant roots as a whole and from individual plant species were frequently phylogenetically clustered compared with local and global taxon pools, suggesting that nonrandom assembly processes, notably habitat filtering, may have shaped fungal assemblages. In contrast, the phylogenetic dispersion of AMF communities in soil did not differ from random subsets of the local or global taxon pools.

scholarly journals Partitioning the plant diversity of semi-natural grasslands across Japan

Oryx ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asuka Koyama ◽  
Tomoyo F. Koyanagi ◽  
Munemitsu Akasaka ◽  
Yoshinobu Kusumoto ◽  
Syuntaro Hiradate ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Hierarchical Design ◽  
Grassland Species ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Unique Species ◽  
Natural Grassland ◽  
Effective Conservation

AbstractEffective conservation of global species diversity requires a clear understanding of spatial scales that support overall diversity across broad scales. Abandonment of semi-natural grasslands has increased their fragmentation and decreased their areal extent. We quantified diversity patterns of plant communities in Japan across hierarchical scales to facilitate the development of an effective nationwide strategy for conserving species diversity in remnant semi-natural grasslands. We applied additive partitioning of plant species diversity, using a nested hierarchical design at three spatial scales (quadrat, grassland, and western and eastern regions of Japan) for three groups of plant species (all species, grassland species and national Red Listed species). We consistently found lower proportions of among-quadrats diversity, and higher proportions of among-grasslands diversity and between-regions diversity in the overall diversity of the entire species complement than would be expected by chance. The high contribution of among-grasslands diversity to overall diversity suggests that each grassland had a unique species content. The second-ranking contributor to overall diversity differed between grassland species and Red Listed species: the second-ranking contributor for grassland species was diversity at the among-quadrats scale but the second-ranking contributor for all species and for Red Listed species was diversity at the between-regions scale. Thus, effective conservation of diversity of the entire species complement in remnant semi-natural grasslands requires preservation of beta diversity in individual grasslands. Our findings highlight the importance of strengthening local preservation and restoration activities within each grassland, and of nationwide strategies for conserving Red Listed species in remnant semi-natural grassland communities.

THE FITOACCUMULATION OF MOLYBDENUM AND MANGANESE IN ALSIKE CLOVER (TRIFOLIUM HYBRIDUM L.) AND GREATER PLANTAIN (PLANTAGO MAJOR L.)

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Małgorzata STOJEK
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Manganese Content ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plantago Major ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Menilite Shales

Studies of molybdenum and manganese content in topsoil and plants were carried out in the Beskidy Wschodnie (Carpathians) in area of occurrence of menilite shales and the Otryt sandstones. The aim of the study was to evaluate the content of ­molybdenum and manganese in plants and the determination of a bioaccumulation of these two chemical elements in two species of plants (­Trifolium hybridum L. and Plantago major L.). Mo symbols were performed by means of ICP-MS method, and Mn were analyzed by means of ICP-OES method. Result of studies in the Trifolium hybridum L. have shown higher content of Mo in the area of occurence of menilite shales (in leaves – 14 mg/kg) than in the Otryt sandstones (in leaves – 0.30 mg/kg). Most Mn accumulates in leaves (86–257 mg/kg). The bioaccumulate indicator of Mo in individual plant species is different and ranges from 0.13 to 1.13. The highest rate of ­bioaccumulation of molybdenum (1.13) can be observed in Trifolium hybridum L., which inhabits areas of menilite shales.

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