scholarly journals Nesting biology of the Aplomado Falcon (Falco femoralis) at Parque Nacional das Emas, central Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Dárius Pukenis Tubelis
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Empty Nest ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
White Plumage

AbstractTe objective of this study was to investigate aspects of the nesting biology of the Aplomado Falcon, Falco femoralis (Temminck, 1822), at Parque Nacional das Emas, Brazil. Woodland (Campo Cerrado) frebreaks were searched for nests in October 2006 and October 2009 by driving a vehicle along a road adjacent to these fre managed vegetation strips. Most (62%) of the eight nests found were in canopies of fruiting Pouteria torta trees. Nests were at 2.2–3.8 m above ground. Invariably, clutch size was of three cream eggs and nestlings had a white plumage in the frst days of life. For two active nests, adults also defended an additional empty nest located in the surroundings. No evidences of nest destruction or predation were detected. Falco femoralis successfully uses frebreaks for breeding at Parque Nacional das Emas.

scholarly journals Nesting biology and population dynamics of Jankowski's Bunting Emberiza jankowskii in Western Jilin, China

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun-Lei Jiang ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Fu-Min Lei ◽  
Hai-Tao Wang ◽  
Dong-Mei Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Nest Success ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Western Jilin

AbstractJankowski's Bunting Emberiza jankowskii is endemic to China, Russia and Northern Korea, and was listed as a ‘Vulnerable’ species. The population in Dagang Forestry of western Jilin is one of the small remaining discrete breeding populations in the species' range. Very little information on the nesting biology and population dynamics has previously been published. We studied the nesting biology from 1999 to 2002 and population dynamics of the bunting from 1999 to 2006 (except 2003). A total of 74 nesting attempts were monitored. Jankowski's Bunting breeding season began in late April and usually ended in late July. Both sexes participated in nest-building, feeding young and defending the nest. Mean full clutch size for three years combined was 5.26 ± 0.76 eggs, and ranged from four to seven. Clutch size decreased with nest-initiation date. Mean hatching rate was 41.2%. Overall probability of Mayfield nest success to fledging was low for the three years, averaging 0.218 ± 0.007. The factors leading to low nest success include nest parasitization, nest predation, human activities and nest abandonment. Low survival of Jankowski's Bunting nests may be a factor in declining populations and the slow recovery of populations because of low recruitment at the population and the individual level. The population of Jankowski's Bunting in the Dagang Forestry grassland was small and declined dramatically from 1999 to 2006. The main threat is habitat loss and fragmentation due to agriculture, tree planting and housing following human colonization of the region. The habitat has been reduced in extent by c. 70% since the 1960s. In addition, grazing by domestic livestock dramatically destroyed their preferred vegetation. Furthermore, the restriction to several small, discrete sites makes the bunting inherently vulnerable to catastrophic and stochastic events that can eliminate subpopulations. Jankowski's bunting is one of the most threatened species in China and faces an unpredictable future. Maintaining the structure and general composition of remaining Jankowski's Bunting nesting habitat is important to ensure continued presence of this species in western Jilin and worldwide.

scholarly journals Juvenile plumage whiteness is associated with the evolution of clutch size in passerines

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1106-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Morales ◽  
José Javier Cuervo ◽  
Juan Moreno ◽  
Juan José Soler
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Clutch Size ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Passerine Bird ◽  
Sibling Conflict ◽  
Plumage Color ◽  
Structural Trait ◽  
Strong Resemblance ◽  
High Predation ◽  
White Plumage

Abstract The offspring of many animals are conspicuous during parental dependence, despite juveniles generally suffering from high predation risk. However, to date, it is unclear whether offspring structural ornaments play a role in intrafamily communication. This is the case of conspicuous plumage in young birds, which is worn unchanged during a long period after fledging, when they still depend on their parents. If plumage color facilitates intrafamily interactions, its role should be more important in large-brooded species, where the strength of intrafamily conflict is potentially stronger. We therefore performed a comparative study in 210 passerine bird species to test whether an offspring structural trait, white plumage, evolves more frequently in lineages with larger clutches. We also explored the number of broods raised per year as another source of intrafamily conflict. First, we found that juvenile whiteness was more frequent in open-nesting species. Moreover, in agreement with our prediction, the presence of juvenile white tail/wing patches was strongly and positively associated with clutch size. This relationship was not due to the strong resemblance between offspring and adult plumage, which was controlled for in the statistical analyses. Moreover, the association remained significant after taking into account predation risk, for which there was information for a subset of species. In contrast, juvenile whiteness was not associated with the number of broods raised per year. These results may suggest that the evolution of juvenile conspicuousness is favored in species with potentially stronger intrabrood sibling conflict.

scholarly journals The state of Recurvirostra avosetta Linnaeus, 1758 and Larus ichthyaetus Pallas, 1773 (Aves, Charadriiformes) populations of the Tryochozyorki tract (South Minusinsk basin) in 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Tamara V. Zlotnikova ◽  
Tatyana A. Geld ◽  
Nadezhda K. Dzingel
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Minusinsk Basin ◽  
International Importance ◽  
Favorable State ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper presents the results of observations on the state of two bird species populations listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation Recurvirostra avosetta L., Larus ichthyaetus Pall. The populations of these species in the State Natural Reserve Tryochozyorki Tract have been studied by the authors for 8 years. The wetland is a key ornithological area of international importance. The paper presents information obtained in 2020, which has been compared with the information received in 20132018 which was published. For R. avosetta L. the maximum number of breeding pairs (127) and the maximum value of the average clutch size (3,6) were noted for the entire observation period. The reproduction of R. avosetta L. started earlier than in previous years. For L. ichthyaetus L. a relatively high number (no less than 280300 pairs) and also the maximum value of the clutch size (3,0) were noted, the breeding time of the species turned out to be typical for this territory. The analysis showed a favorable state of the populations of these species. The previously stated assumption about the relationship of the studied indicators of the nesting biology of these species with the level of water content of the territory was further confirmed.

Crocodylus johnstoni in the McKinlay River Area N. T, VI.* Nesting Biology

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJW Webb ◽  
SC Manolis ◽  
R Buckworth
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Alligator Mississippiensis ◽  
Sensitive Period ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Crocodylus Johnstoni ◽  
Hatching Time ◽  
Potential Strategy

In the McKinlay River area most female C. johnstoni mature at 74-78 cm snout-vent length (SVL), and 11-14 years of age, whereas maies are about 87 cm SYL and 16-17 years of age. Adult sex ratios in the field are lM:3-4F. There is a well defined, brief nesting period in late August and early September, and the nests are typical 'hole' nests excavated in sand or other friable substrates close to permanent water. Mean clutch size is 13.2 � 3.2 eggs (� SD) and mean egg dimensions are: length 6.64 � 0.26 cm, breadth 4.19 � 0.19 cm and weight 68.2 � 8.0 g. There is a variable but significant increase in egg size with clutch size, and large clutches of large eggs tend to be laid earlier in the nesting season than small clutches of small eggs. From 2 to 4% of eggs are infertile. Nest temperatures show considerable daily variation and baseline levels differ between shaded and exposed nest sites. Incubation times are temperaturedependent and range from 9 to 14 weeks. Females excavate nests at hatching time, but attend the nests little, ifat all, during incubation. Hatchlings are 11.2 � 0.5 cm SVL and weigh 42.0 � 6.1 g. Formulae for predicting egg and hatchling dimensions from each other are presented. A preliminary method for aging C. johnstoni embryos is described. Artificial incubation at 26�, 30� and 34�C, respectively, resulted in 0, 63% and 21% survival; at 26 and 34�C physically deformed embryos were common. Hatching success is correlated with the age at which eggs are transported to incubators. Sex determinantion is influenced by incubation temperature, and at temperatures we tested between 26 and 34�C, females predominated; males were produced at 31-32�C. Histological examination of females from high-temperature incubation (34�C) indicated slight hermaphroditic tendencies in two of 35 animals examined; their status remains to be clarified. The temperature-sensitive period for sex determination appears to be between 20 and 57 days of age (30�C equivalent ages), but this may well vary with incubation temperature, as in Alligator mississippiensis. Egg losses due to predators (particular varanid lizards) were estimated as 64%, although they may have been increased by our interference with nests. Eggs are also lost to flooding and overheating, and a 60-70% annual egg mortality may be common. In one experiment, hatchling mortality was estimated at 98% within the first year. An egg and/or hatchling harvest balanced by a proportional return to the wild of raised 1-year-olds (5% and 10% of eggs and hatchlings collected respectively) is a potential strategy through which sustained-yield harvesting could be introduced into a conservation-management program.

scholarly journals Nesting Biology of Lesser Canada Geese, Branta canadensis parvipes, along the Tanana River, Alaska

2008 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Craig R. Ely ◽  
John M. Pearce ◽  
Roger W. Ruess
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Branta Canadensis ◽  
Haliaeetus Leucocephalus ◽  
Canada Geese ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Bald Eagles ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Nest Initiation

Lesser Canada Geese (Branta canadensis parvipes) are widespread throughout interior regions of Alaska and Canada, yet there have been no published studies documenting basic aspects of their nesting biology. We conducted a study to determine reproductive parameters of Lesser Canada Geese nesting along the Tanana River near the city of Fairbanks, in interior Alaska. Fieldwork was conducted in May of 2003, and consisted of locating nests along the riparian corridor between Fairbanks and Northpole, Alaska. Nests were found on gravel islands and shore habitats along the Tanana River, and were most commonly observed among driftwood logs associated with patches of alder (Alnus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.). Peak of nest initiation was 3-8 May, with a range from 27 April to 20 May; renesting was likely. Clutches ranged in size from 2 to 7 eggs and averaged 4.6 eggs. There was a negative correlation between clutch size and date of nest initiation. Egg size (mean mass = 128 g) was similar to other medium-sized Canada Geese. A positive correlation between egg size and clutch size was likely related to female age. Nineteen of 28 nests (68%) were active when visited; nests located on islands with nesting Mew Gulls (Larus canus) were more likely to be active than nests located elsewhere. Evidence at nest sites implicated Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) as nest predators.

NEsting by the hawsbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) on Milman Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
KA Loop ◽  
JD Miller ◽  
CJ Limpus
Keyword(s):  
Clutch Size ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Eretmochelys Imbricata ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Emergence Success ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Hawksbill Turtles

Nesting biology of hawksbill sea turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) is described with morphometric and meristic measurements collected from 365 turtles over 76 nights of beach patrols on Milman I. The nesting season was already in progress when the study began in January and continued after the research team left in March 1991. Average renesting interval was 14.2 days, and the hawksbill turtles laid an average of 2.6 clutches during the study period. Nest sites were located most commonly under trees (67.2%). Average curved carapace length was 81.7 cm, width was 70.6 cm, and weight after laying was 50.3 kg. Mean clutch size was 124 eggs. Eggs had an average diameter of 3.48 cm and an average weight of 25.7 g. Emergence success rate was 79.9% for hawksbill hatchlings, which had an average straight carapace length of 3.96 cm and weight of 13.3 g. Incubation temperatures were monitored and sex ratios determined in four clutches, two in shaded and two in unshaded sand. The sexes of 25 hatchlings from each clutch were identified. Two unshaded clutches produced 92% and 100% female hatchlings while two shaded clutches produced 64% and 44% female hatchlings. Statistical differences were not found between the presented hawksbill turtle curved carapace length, weight after laying and clutch size and those collected elsewhere in Queensland by earlier studies.

Frontier and Western History in Central Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-214
Author(s):  
Donald Worster
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Western History ◽  
Central Brazil

Frontier and Western History in Central Brazil Dutra e Silva, S. No Oeste, a terra e o céu: a expansão da fronteira agrícola no Brasil Central (Rio de Janeiro: Mauad X, 2017)

From Empty Nest to Crowded Nest: The Dynamics of Incompletely-Launched Young Adults

1989 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Schnaiberg ◽  
Sheldon Goldenberg
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Empty Nest

Turnera fasciculifolia (Turneraceae, Passifloraceae s. l.): A New Species From the Jalapão Region, Tocantins, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-838
Author(s):  
Lamarck Rocha ◽  
Patrícia Luz Ribeiro ◽  
Maria Mercedes Arbo
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Extrafloral Nectaries ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Axillary Branches ◽  
Revolute Margin ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—We present a new species, Turnera fasciculifolia, from the Jalapão region, the largest continuous protected area of Cerrado in Tocantins State, in central Brazil. The new species belongs to Turnera series Leiocarpae, and it can be recognized by the linear ericoid leaves with revolute margin, generally without extrafloral nectaries, and the basal leaves of the young axillary branches gathered in fascicles. We provide a description, illustrations, a distribution map, and a comparison with T. genistoides and T. revoluta, which also have ericoid leaves.

PERÍODO DE DESOVA E SUCESSO REPRODUTIVO DO TRACAJÁ Podocnemis unifilis TROSCHEL 1848 (TESTUDINES: PODOCNEMIDIDAE) NA VÁRZEA DA RDSM – MÉDIO SOLIMÕES, BRASIL

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-75
Author(s):  
Augusto Fachín Terán ◽  
Eduardo Matheus Von Mülhen
Keyword(s):  
Hatching Success ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Nesting Biology ◽  
Sand Beach ◽  
Podocnemis Unifilis ◽  
Turtle Population ◽  
Nesting Beaches ◽  
Conservation And Management ◽  
Tegu Lizard ◽  
Solimões River

In this study the nesting biology of Podocnem is unifilis was investigated from July to November 1998 at the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve, located in the Solimões river, near Tefé, Amazonas, Brazil. Podocnemis unifilis nested in August and September, with the hatching event occurring in October and November. Nests were excavated in clay soils (67.5%), sand (25%), and leaf litter (7.5%). Hatching success was highest in the sand beach nests and lowest in the clay banks nests. Humans and the tegu lizard (Tupinambis) were the main egg predators. This turtle population can recover only by the protection of nesting beaches, educational programs for the in habitants of the Reserve, participation of the community in the conservation and management program , and permanent guarding of the nesting beaches by Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e Dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis-IBAMA authorities.

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