scholarly journals A general scheme for some deterministically parsable grammars and their strong equivalents

2006 ◽  
pp. 243-255
Author(s):  
Anton Nijholt ◽  
Jan Pittl
Keyword(s):  
General Scheme

Development of a State Tax Risk Management System

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-75
Author(s):  
A. V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Traceability System ◽  
Road Map ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Presentation Methods

The article is devoted to the development of the concept of the state to manage its tax risks, based on a systematic approach. The author's concept presupposes the presence of the following elements logically arranged according to the principle "from the general to the particular": 1) mechanisms for managing tax risks, 2) disclosing methodological recommendations, 3) specific proposals for changing legislation. To achieve this goal, the author used general scientific methods (deduction and induction, analysis and synthesis, observation, description, generalization) and private scientific methods of cognition (comparison method, graphical and tabular data presentation methods). We have presented a brief overview of the main tax risks of the Russian Federation in the current economic environment, which are classified in four areas: 1) risks in the field of value added taxation; 2) risks in the field of taxation of profits and income; 3) risks, the source of which is Russia's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union; 4) customs risks. The author presents a general scheme of tax risk management by the state, which includes the context, goals and management strategy. The priority mechanisms for managing the tax risks of the state are formulated on the basis of the presented classification of tax risks. These areas include: introduction of an end-to-end product traceability system; substantiation of taxation methods; joint elimination of tax risks (Federal Tax Service, Federal Customs Service, Ministry of Labor, Federal Service for Financial Monitoring); optimization of tax administration costs on the part of both tax authorities and taxpayers; harmonization of indirect taxation, including duty-free trade; harmonization of international tax rules at the international level; selection of the most effective tools for eliminating multiple taxation. A draft "road map" has been developed to improve the management of state tax risks.

RIBONUCLEOPROTEIN PARTICLES CONTAINING mRNA and pre-mRNA

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S130-S167 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. P. Samarina ◽  
E. M. Lukanidin ◽  
G. P. Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Structural Organization ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Mrna Transport ◽  
Ribonucleoprotein Particles ◽  
Mrna Precursor

ABSTRACT This paper is a review of the data concerning the nature, structural organization, properties and biological significance of the particles, containing mRNA and pre-mRNA (precursor of mRNA), i. e., (1) nuclear pre-mRNA-containing particles (2) free cytoplasmic mRNP (ribonucleoproteins), or informosomes (3) polysome-bound mRNP. Some new data on the comparison of nuclear and cytoplasmic particles, the nature of poly A-containing structures, involvement of informofers in Adenovirusspecific RNA transfer are presented. The general scheme of mRNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm is discussed.

DEVELOPMENT OF DETERGENT RECIPE WITH IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL CHARACTERISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229
Author(s):  
Yuliia Slyva ◽  
◽  
Oleksiy Verenikin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Synthetic Detergent ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Environmental Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Standard ◽  
Ecological Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Criteria ◽  
Environmental Properties

The research on the development of an innovative formula of a synthetic detergent with improved environmental properties, which meet the environmental standard of SOU OEM 08.002.12.065:2016 "Detergents and cleaning products. Environmental criteria for life cycle assessment" is carried out. The accumulated theoretical and practical experience is generalized, the general scheme of designing and development of new goods taking into account features of detergents with the improved ecological characteristics is created.

scholarly journals DECOMPOSITION OF UNITARY MATRICES AND QUANTUM GATES

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350015 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHI-KWONG LI ◽  
REBECCA ROBERTS ◽  
XIAOYAN YIN
Keyword(s):  
General Scheme ◽  
Quantum Gate ◽  
Quantum Gates ◽  
Unitary Matrix ◽  
Additional Structure ◽  
Unitary Matrices ◽  
Decomposition Scheme ◽  
Single Qubit ◽  
Matlab Program

A general scheme is presented to decompose a d-by-d unitary matrix as the product of two-level unitary matrices with additional structure and prescribed determinants. In particular, the decomposition can be done by using two-level matrices in d - 1 classes, where each class is isomorphic to the group of 2 × 2 unitary matrices. The proposed scheme is easy to apply, and useful in treating problems with the additional structural restrictions. A Matlab program is written to implement the scheme, and the result is used to deduce the fact that every quantum gate acting on n-qubit registers can be expressed as no more than 2n-1(2n-1) fully controlled single-qubit gates chosen from 2n-1 classes, where the quantum gates in each class share the same n - 1 control qubits. Moreover, it is shown that one can easily adjust the proposed decomposition scheme to take advantage of additional structure evolving in the process.

Improvement of Integrity Concepts for NPP Primary Circuit Piping

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Arzhaev ◽  
Sergey Butorin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Primary Circuit ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Intergranular Stress Corrosion ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Steel Piping

Operating NPPs license extension activities in Russia produced strong demand for safety improvement of plants build according to earlier standards. Installation of additional supports as pipe whip restraints is one of requirement in acting regulatory documentation which should be followed or compensated by appropriate measures like Leak Before Break (LBB) analyses and improvement of In-Service Inspection (ISI) and Leak Detecting System (LDS). Basic document for LBB concept application to Russian NPP piping is RD 95 10547-99. Its requirements correspond to classical LBB principles used in many countries in Europe, USA and Japan. In many real cases requirements of RD 95 10547-99 could not be applied to safety important NPP piping systems due to the presence of specific features of operational degradation due to some corrosion mechanisms: for example, erosion-corrosion (E-C) for carbon steel piping and intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSSC) for heat affected zones of austenitic piping weldments. For special case of RBMK piping with outer diameter 325 mm (potentially susceptible to IGSCC) special Break Preclusion Concept has been developed in Russia after IAEA Extrabudgetary Program in 2000–2002. Contrary to LBB Concept demanding for all four basic principles to be completely fulfilled BP Concept accepts some principles to be fulfilled in a balanced way with demonstration of monitored degradation effectively achieved in operation. Special BP Concept is being developed now to support integrity assessment of RBMK carbon steel steam and feed water piping potentially susceptible to E-C which requires another set of measures to demonstrate principle of controlled degradation in operation then in case of austenitic steel piping. General scheme of piping integrity analyses according to LBB and BP Concepts is discussed and examples of specific approaches to achieve controlled degradation are illustrated in paper. As result of LBB and BP Concepts application it is possible to substantiate reject of additional piping whip restraints implementation on-site. Examples of similar safety methodology development in other countries have been reported at IAEA Specialists Meeting on LBB in Kiev, Ukraine in November 2006.

Expenditure on the operation of municipal wastewater treatment plants for nutrient removal

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Labour Costs ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
P Removal

Operating costs of Austrian municipal treatment plants are evaluated for 1989/90 and for 1997, respectively. The results indicate that presently the expenses which can be directly connected to wastewater purification, i.e. energy and chemicals for P removal, comprise only about 20% of the total operating costs. Today, in Austria like in other EU countries, the predominating factor is “labour costs”, even at nutrient removal plants. A general scheme for estimating operating costs is presented that can be applied to WWTPs in other parts of the world. In this scheme the important factors relevant to the operating costs are integrated.

scholarly journals The Many Faces of Amphipathic Helices

Biomolecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Giménez-Andrés ◽  
Alenka Čopič ◽  
Bruno Antonny
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Bilayers ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Membrane Curvature ◽  
Hydrophobic Residues ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Amphipathic Helices ◽  
Polar Residues ◽  
Secondary Feature ◽  
Helical Turn ◽  
The Many

Amphipathic helices (AHs), a secondary feature found in many proteins, are defined by their structure and by the segregation of hydrophobic and polar residues between two faces of the helix. This segregation allows AHs to adsorb at polar–apolar interfaces such as the lipid surfaces of cellular organelles. Using various examples, we discuss here how variations within this general scheme impart membrane-interacting AHs with different interfacial properties. Among the key parameters are: (i) the size of hydrophobic residues and their density per helical turn; (ii) the nature, the charge, and the distribution of polar residues; and (iii) the length of the AH. Depending on how these parameters are tuned, AHs can deform lipid bilayers, sense membrane curvature, recognize specific lipids, coat lipid droplets, or protect membranes from stress. Via these diverse mechanisms, AHs play important roles in many cellular processes.

scholarly journals DETERMINING EQUATIONS FOR HIGHER-ORDER DECOMPOSITIONS OF EXPONENTIAL OPERATORS

1995 ◽  
Vol 09 (25) ◽  
pp. 3241-3268 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZENGO TSUBOI ◽  
MASUO SUZUKI
Keyword(s):  
General Scheme ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Explicit Formulas ◽  
Decomposition Theory ◽  
Lyndon Words

The general decomposition theory of exponential operators is briefly reviewed. A general scheme to construct independent determining equations for the relevant decomposition parameters is proposed using Lyndon words. Explicit formulas of the coefficients are derived.

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