scholarly journals Phase transitions in perturbative walking dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Azatov ◽  
Miguel Vanvlasselaer
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Deconfinement Phase Transition ◽  
Walking Dynamics

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of the confinement-deconfinement phase transition in a toy model where the walking dynamics is realized perturbatively. We study the properties of the phase transition focusing on the possible cosmological signatures it can provide. Interestingly the model is well under perturbative control only when the mass of the lightest field — the dilaton/scalon is much lighter than the rest of the fields and the phase transition proceeds slowly leading to strong signals in the stochastic gravitational wave spectrum.

scholarly journals The benefits of diligence: how precise are predicted gravitational wave spectra in models with phase transitions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huai-Ke Guo ◽  
Kuver Sinha ◽  
Daniel Vagie ◽  
Graham White
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Dark Sector ◽  
Model Approximation ◽  
Bubble Separation

Abstract Models of particle physics that feature phase transitions typically provide predictions for stochastic gravitational wave signals at future detectors and such predictions are used to delineate portions of the model parameter space that can be constrained. The question is: how precise are such predictions? Uncertainties enter in the calculation of the macroscopic thermal parameters and the dynamics of the phase transition itself. We calculate such uncertainties with increasing levels of sophistication in treating the phase transition dynamics. Currently, the highest level of diligence corresponds to careful treatments of the source lifetime; mean bubble separation; going beyond the bag model approximation in solving the hydrodynamics equations and explicitly calculating the fraction of energy in the fluid from these equations rather than using a fit; and including fits for the energy lost to vorticity modes and reheating effects. The lowest level of diligence incorporates none of these effects. We compute the percolation and nucleation temperatures, the mean bubble separation, the fluid velocity, and ultimately the gravitational wave spectrum corresponding to the level of highest diligence for three explicit examples: SMEFT, a dark sector Higgs model, and the real singlet-extended Standard Model (xSM). In each model, we contrast different levels of diligence in the calculation and find that the difference in the final predicted signal can be several orders of magnitude. Our results indicate that calculating the gravitational wave spectrum for particle physics models and deducing precise constraints on the parameter space of such models continues to remain very much a work in progress and warrants care.

scholarly journals General properties of the gravitational wave spectrum from phase transitions

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Caprini ◽  
Ruth Durrer ◽  
Thomas Konstandin ◽  
Géraldine Servant
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
General Properties

scholarly journals Gravitational Waves from the Cosmological Quark-Hadron Phase Transition Revisited

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Pauline Lerambert-Potin ◽  
José Antonio de Freitas Pacheco
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Equations Of State ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
Gluon Plasma ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Einstein Equations ◽  
Black Hole Binaries ◽  
Hadron Phase ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background

The recent claim by the NANOGrav collaboration of a possible detection of an isotropic gravitational wave background stimulated a series of investigations searching for the origin of such a signal. The QCD phase transition appears as a natural candidate and in this paper the gravitational spectrum generated during the conversion of quarks into hadrons is calculated. Here, contrary to recent studies, equations of state for the quark-gluon plasma issued from the lattice approach were adopted. The duration of the transition, an important parameter affecting the amplitude of the gravitational wave spectrum, was estimated self-consistently with the dynamics of the universe controlled by the Einstein equations. The gravitational signal generated during the transition peaks around 0.28 μHz with amplitude of h02Ωgw≈7.6×10−11, being unable to explain the claimed NANOGrav signal. However, the expected QCD gravitational wave background could be detected by the planned spatial interferometer Big Bang Observer in its advanced version for frequencies above 1.0 mHz. This possible detection assumes that algorithms recently proposed will be able to disentangle the cosmological signal from that expected for the astrophysical background generated by black hole binaries.

scholarly journals Dark confinement-deconfinement phase transition: a roadmap from Polyakov loop models to gravitational waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaofeng Kang ◽  
Jiang Zhu ◽  
Shinya Matsuzaki
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Polyakov Loop ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Point Interactions ◽  
Yang Mills ◽  
First Order ◽  
Deconfinement Phase Transition

Abstract We explore the confinement-deconfinement phase transition (PT) of the first order (FO) arising in SU(N) pure Yang-Mills theory, based on Polyakov loop models (PLMs), in light of the induced gravitational wave (GW) spectra. We demonstrate that the PLMs with the Haar measure term, involving models successful in QCD with N = 3, are potentially incompatible with the large N scaling for the thermodynamic quantities and the latent heat at around the criticality of the FOPT reported from the lattice simulations. We then propose a couple of models of polynomial form, which we call the 4-6 PLM (with four- and six-point interactions among the basic PL fields which have center charge 1) and 4-8 PLM (with four- and eight-point interactions), and discuss how such models can naturally arise in the presence of a heavy PL with charge 2. We show that those models give the consistent thermodynamic and large N properties at around the criticality. The predicted GW spectra are shown to have high enough sensitivity to be probed in the future prospected interferometers such as BBO and DECIGO.

scholarly journals Dark confinement and chiral phase transitions: gravitational waves vs matter representations

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Reichert ◽  
Francesco Sannino ◽  
Zhi-Wei Wang ◽  
Chen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Order Phase Transition ◽  
Coupled Models ◽  
Chiral Phase ◽  
Strongly Coupled ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Phase Transition ◽  
First Order Phase

Abstract We study the gravitational-wave signal stemming from strongly coupled models featuring both, dark chiral and confinement phase transitions. We therefore identify strongly coupled theories that can feature a first-order phase transition. Employing the Polyakov-Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we focus our attention on SU(3) Yang-Mills theories featuring fermions in fundamental, adjoint, and two-index symmetric representations. We discover that for the gravitational-wave signals analysis, there are significant differences between the various representations. Interestingly we also observe that the two-index symmetric representation leads to the strongest first-order phase transition and therefore to a higher chance of being detected by the Big Bang Observer experiment. Our study of the confinement and chiral phase transitions is further applicable to extensions of the Standard Model featuring composite dynamics.

scholarly journals The chiral and deconfinement phase transitions

Open Physics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fukun Xu ◽  
Mei Huang
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Order Parameter ◽  
Gluon Condensate ◽  
Magnetic Confinement ◽  
Chiral Condensate ◽  
Qcd Phase Diagram ◽  
Dimension 2 ◽  
Deconfinement Phase Transition

AbstractBy introducing the dressed Polayakov loop or dual chiral condensate as a candidate order parameter to describe the deconfinement phase transition for light flavors, we discuss the interplay between the chiral and deconfinement phase transitions, and propose the possible QCD phase diagram at finite temperature and density. We also introduce a dynamical gluodynamic model with dimension-2 gluon condensate, which can describe the color electric deconfinement as well as the color magnetic confinement.

scholarly journals Escape from supercooling with or without bubbles: gravitational wave signatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Lewicki ◽  
Oriol Pujolàs ◽  
Ville Vaskonen
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Wave Spectrum ◽  
False Vacuum ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
True Vacuum ◽  
Representative Model ◽  
Gravitational Wave Background ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Conformal Models

AbstractQuasi-conformal models are an appealing scenario that can offer naturally a strongly supercooled phase transition and a period of thermal inflation in the early Universe. A crucial aspect for the viability of these models is how the Universe escapes from the supercooled state. One possibility is that thermal inflation phase ends by nucleation and percolation of true vacuum bubbles. This route is not, however, always efficient. In such case another escape mechanism, based on the growth of quantum fluctuations of the scalar field that eventually destabilize the false vacuum, becomes relevant. We study both of these cases in detail in a simple yet representative model. We determine the duration of the thermal inflation, the curvature power spectrum generated for the scales that exit horizon during the thermal inflation, and the stochastic gravitational wave background from the phase transition. We show that these gravitational waves provide an observable signal from the thermal inflation in almost the entire parameter space of interest. Furthermore, the shape of the gravitational wave spectrum can be used to ascertain how the Universe escaped from supercooling.

scholarly journals Phase transitions in the early universe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hindmarsh ◽  
Marvin Lüben ◽  
Johannes Lumma ◽  
Martin Pauly
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Standard Model ◽  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Gravitational Waves ◽  
Early Universe ◽  
Order Approximation ◽  
First Order ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
First Order Phase

These lecture notes are based on a course given by Mark Hindmarsh at the 24th Saalburg Summer School 2018 and written up by Marvin Lüben, Johannes Lumma and Martin Pauly. The aim is to provide the necessary basics to understand first-order phase transitions in the early universe, to outline how they leave imprints in gravitational waves, and advertise how those gravitational waves could be detected in the future. A first-order phase transition at the electroweak scale is a prediction of many theories beyond the Standard Model, and is also motivated as an ingredient of some theories attempting to provide an explanation for the matter-antimatter asymmetry in our Universe. Starting from bosonic and fermionic statistics, we derive Boltzmann's equation and generalise to a fluid of particles with field dependent mass. We introduce the thermal effective potential for the field in its lowest order approximation, discuss the transition to the Higgs phase in the Standard Model and beyond, and compute the probability for the field to cross a potential barrier. After these preliminaries, we provide a hydrodynamical description of first-order phase transitions as it is appropriate for describing the early Universe. We thereby discuss the key quantities characterising a phase transition, and how they are imprinted in the gravitational wave power spectrum that might be detectable by the space-based gravitational wave detector LISA in the 2030s.

scholarly journals Electric properties of olive oil under pressure

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Pawlicki ◽  
R. M. Siegoczyński ◽  
S. Ptasznik ◽  
K. Marszałek
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
First Order ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Capacitive Reactance ◽  
First Order Phase

AbstractThe main purpose of the experiment was a thermodynamic research with use of the electric methods chosen. The substance examined was olive oil. The paper presents the resistance, capacitive reactance, relative permittivity and resistivity of olive. Compression was applied with two mean velocities up to 450 MPa. The results were shown as functions of pressure and time and depicted on the impedance phase diagram. The three first order phase transitions have been detected. All the changes in material parameters were observed during phase transitions. The material parameters measured turned out to be the much more sensitive long-time phase transition factors than temperature. The values of material parameters and their dependence on pressure and time were compared with the molecular structure, arrangement of molecules and interactions between them. Knowledge about olive oil parameters change with pressure and its phase transitions is very important for olive oil production and conservation.

Room-temperature NaI/H2O compression icing: solute–solute interactions

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (39) ◽  
pp. 26645-26650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingxin Zeng ◽  
Chuang Yao ◽  
Kai Wang ◽  
Chang Q. Sun ◽  
Bo Zou
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Bond Energy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Solute Interaction ◽  
Solute Interactions

H–O bond energy governs the PCx for Na/H2O liquid–VI–VII phase transition. Solute concentration affects the path of phase transitions differently with the solute type. Solute–solute interaction lessens the PC2 sensitivity to compression. The PC1 goes along the liquid–VI boundary till the triple phase joint.

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