scholarly journals Aspects of compactification on a linear dilaton background

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Antoniadis ◽  
C. Markou ◽  
F. Rondeau
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Higgs Mechanism ◽  
Supersymmetric Theory ◽  
Supersymmetric Extension ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Linear Dilaton ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Analogous Mechanism ◽  
Minimal Supersymmetric Extension ◽  
Kaluza Klein

Abstract We consider the most general Kaluza-Klein (KK) compactification on S1/ℤ2 of a five dimensional (5D) graviton-dilaton system, with a non-vanishing dilaton background varying linearly along the fifth dimension. We show that this background produces a Higgs mechanism for the KK vector coming from the 5D metric, which becomes massive by absorbing the string frame radion. The $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 minimal supersymmetric extension of this model, recently built as the holographic dual of Little String Theory, is then reinvestigated. An analogous mechanism can be considered for the 4D vector coming from the (universal) 5D Kalb-Ramond two-form. Packaging the two massive vectors into a spin-3/2 massive multiplet, it is shown that the massless spectrum arranges into a $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1, D = 4 supersymmetric theory. This projection is compatible with an orbifold which preserves half of the original supersymmetries already preserved by the background. The description of the partial breaking $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 2 → $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 in this framework, with only vector multiplets and no hypermultiplets, remains an interesting open question which deserves further investigation.

scholarly journals The Unified Field 4-Dimensional Relativistic Dirac Equation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Vegt
Keyword(s):  
Field Theory ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Unified Field ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
S Matrix ◽  
Klein Theory ◽  
Dimensional Space Time ◽  
Kaluza Klein

Albert Einstein, Lorentz and Minkowski published in 1905 the Theory of Special Relativity and Einstein published in 1915 his field theory of general relativity based on a curved 4-dimensional space-time continuum to integrate the gravitational field and the electromagnetic field in one unified field. Since then the method of Einstein’s unifying field theory has been developed by many others in more than 4 dimensions resulting finally in the well-known 10-dimensional and 11-dimensional “string theory”. String theory is an outgrowth of S-matrix theory, a research program begun by Werner Heisenberg in 1943 (following John Archibald Wheeler‘s(3) 1937 introduction of the S-matrix), picked up and advocated by many prominent theorists starting in the late 1950’s.Theodor Franz Eduard Kaluza (1885-1954), was a German mathematician and physicist well-known for the Kaluza–Klein theory involving field equations in curved five-dimensional space. His idea that fundamental forces can be unified by introducing additional dimensions re-emerged much later in the “String Theory”.The original Kaluza-Klein theory was one of the first attempts to create an unified field theory i.e. the theory, which would unify all the forces under one fundamental law. It was published in 1921 by Theodor Kaluza and extended in 1926 by Oskar Klein. The basic idea of this theory was to postulate one extra compactified space dimension and introduce nothing but pure gravity in a new (1 + 4)-dimensional space-time. Klein suggested that the fifth dimension would be rolled up into a tiny, compact loop on the order of 10^-35 [m]

Mechanics of a charged particle on the Kaluza–Klein background

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 602-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Vatsya
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Integral Method ◽  
Gordon Equation ◽  
Type Equation ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Klein Gordon ◽  
Path Integral Method ◽  
Klein Gordon Equation ◽  
Kaluza Klein

The path-integral method is used to derive a generalized Schrödinger-type equation from the Kaluza–Klein Lagrangian for a charged particle in an electromagnetic field. The compactness of the fifth dimension and the properties of the physical paths are used to decompose this equation into its infinite components, one of them being similar to the Klein–Gordon equation.

PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLITONS IN (4+1) GRAVITY

1995 ◽  
Vol 04 (05) ◽  
pp. 639-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW BILLYARD ◽  
PAUL S. WESSON ◽  
DIMITRI KALLIGAS
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Extra Dimension ◽  
Dimensional Case ◽  
Schwarzschild Solution ◽  
Circular Orbits ◽  
Know How ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Klein Theory ◽  
Limiting Case ◽  
Kaluza Klein

The augmentation of general relativity’s spacetime by one or more dimensions is described by Kaluza-Klein theory and is within testable limits. Should an extra dimension be observable and significant, it would be beneficial to know how physical properties would differ from “conventional” relativity. In examining the class of five-dimensional solutions analogous to the four-dimensional Schwarzschild solution, we examine where the origin to the system is located and note that it can differ from the four-dimensional case. Furthermore, we study circular orbits and find that the 5D case is much richer; photons can have stable circular orbits in some instances, and stable orbits can exist right to the new origin in others. Finally, we derive both gravitational and inertial masses and find that they do not generally agree, although they can in a limiting case. For all three examinations, it is possible to obtain the four-dimensional results in one limiting case, that of the Schwarzschild solution plus a flat fifth dimension, and that the differences between 4D and 5D occur when the fifth dimension obtains any sort of significance.

scholarly journals THE HIERARCHY PROBLEM, RADION MASS, LOCALIZATION OF GRAVITY AND 4D EFFECTIVE NEWTONIAN POTENTIAL IN STRING THEORY ON S1/Z2

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (08) ◽  
pp. 1661-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANZHONG WANG ◽  
N. O. SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Matter Field ◽  
Newtonian Potential ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Hierarchy Problem ◽  
Large Extra Dimension ◽  
Gravitational Field Equations ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Kaluza Klein

In this paper, we present a systematical study of braneworlds of string theory on S1/Z2. In particular, starting with the toroidal compactification of the Neveu–Schwarz/Neveu–Schwarz sector in D + d dimensions, we first obtain an effective D-dimensional action, and then compactify one of the D - 1 spatial dimensions by introducing two orbifold branes as its boundaries. We divide the whole set of the gravitational and matter field equations into two groups, one holds outside the two branes, and the other holds on them. By combining the Gauss–Codacci and Lanczos equations, we write down explicitly the general gravitational field equations on each of the two branes, while using distribution theory we express the matter field equations on the branes in terms of the discontinuities of the first derivatives of the matter fields. Afterwards, we address three important issues: (i) the hierarchy problem; (ii) the radion mass; and (iii) the localization of gravity, the four-dimensional Newtonian effective potential and the Yukawa corrections due to the gravitational high-order Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes. The mechanism of solving the hierarchy problem is essentially the combination of the large extra dimension and warped factor mechanisms together with the tension coupling scenario. With very conservative arguments, we find that the radion mass is of the order of 10-2 GeV. The gravity is localized on the visible brane, and the spectrum of the gravitational KK modes is discrete and can be of the order of TeV. The corrections to the four-dimensional Newtonian potential from the higher order of gravitational KK modes are exponentially suppressed and can be safely neglected in current experiments. In an appendix, we also present a systematical and pedagogical study of the Gauss–Codacci equations and Israel's junction conditions across a (D - 1)-dimensional hypersurface, which can be either spacelike or timelike.

scholarly journals SCALAR SECTOR IN THE MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRIC 3-3-1 MODEL

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 4303-4322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. RODRIGUEZ
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Supersymmetric Extension ◽  
Scalar Sector ◽  
Minimal Supersymmetric Extension

We consider the minimal supersymmetric extension of the 3-3-1 model and we study the mass spectra in the scalar sector of this model without the antisextet. We show that all our lightest scalars are in agreement with the experimental limits.

scholarly journals D-BRANES IN THE BACKGROUND OF NS FIVEBRANES

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (05) ◽  
pp. 880-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHMUEL ELITZUR ◽  
AMIT GIVEON ◽  
DAVID KUTASOV ◽  
ELIEZER RABINOVICI ◽  
GOR SARKISSISAN
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Closed String ◽  
Asymptotically Linear ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linear Dilaton ◽  
Horizon Geometry

We study the dynamics of D-branes in the near-horizon geometry of NS fivebranes. This leads to a holographically dual description of the physics of D-branes ending on and/or intersecting NS5-branes. We use it to verify some properties of such D-branes which were deduced indirectly in the past, and discuss some instabilities of non-supersymmetric brane configurations. Our construction also describes vacua of Little String Theory which are dual to open plus closed string theory in asymptotically linear dilaton spacetimes.

COSMOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTIVE PROPERTIES OF MATTER IN KALUZA-KLEIN THEORY

1994 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
HONGYA LIU ◽  
PAUL S. WESSON
Keyword(s):  
Globular Clusters ◽  
Effective Properties ◽  
Plane Waves ◽  
Big Bang ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Fifth Dimension ◽  
Cosmological Solutions ◽  
Klein Theory ◽  
The Universe ◽  
Kaluza Klein

We derive a “wave-like” class of exact cosmological solutions of the apparently empty 5D Kaluza-Klein field equations. Here by “wave-like” we mean that the solutions look like plane waves propagating in the fifth dimension. In the interpretation that the fifth dimension in Kaluza-Klein theory may induce matter in four dimensions, we then calculate the effective energy density ρ and pressure p, and study in detail the case for which the equation of state is p=γρ (where γ is an arbitrary constant). We show that for both the matter-dominated (γ=0) and radiation-dominated (γ=1/3) eras of the universe, the 4D spacetime defined by hypersurfaces of the 5D metrics are just the same as those of the standard Friedmann-Robertson-Walker models of general relativity. However, in our models the big bang is like a shock wave propagating along the fifth dimension, and different observers can measure different ages for the universe. This property may be tested using the spread in ages of astrophysical objects such as globular clusters.

scholarly journals A TOY MODEL OF CLOSED STRING TACHYON EFFECTIVE ACTION

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. 1481-1493
Author(s):  
J. KLUSOŇ
Keyword(s):  
Exact Solution ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Effective Action ◽  
Flat Space ◽  
Closed String ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Bosonic String ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Linear Dilaton ◽  
Bosonic String Theory

In this paper we propose the toy model of the closed string tachyon effective action that has marginal tachyon profile as its exact solution in case of constant or linear dilaton background. Then we will apply this model for description of two-dimensional bosonic string theory. We will find that the background configuration with the spatial dependent linear dilaton, flat space–time metric and marginal tachyon profile is the exact solution of our model even if we take into account backreaction of tachyon on dilaton and on metric.

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