Biological resistance of pine wood treated with nano-sized zinc oxide and zinc borate against brown-rot fungi

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 909-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Lykidis ◽  
Miklos Bak ◽  
George Mantanis ◽  
Robert Németh
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

Effects of nano-sized zinc oxide and zinc borate impregnation on brown rot resistance of black pine (Pinus nigraL.) wood

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 242-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charalampos Lykidis ◽  
George Mantanis ◽  
Stergios Adamopoulos ◽  
Konstantina Kalafata ◽  
Ioannis Arabatzis
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Black Pine

scholarly journals Biological Resistance and Application Properties of Particleboards Containing Nano-Zinc Oxide

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Reinprecht ◽  
Ján Iždinský ◽  
Zuzana Vidholdová
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Nano Zno ◽  
Biological Resistance ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Nano Zinc Oxide ◽  
Nano Zinc

Special particleboards (PBs) proposed for kitchens, bathrooms, hospitals, and some other specific products for interiors should have a sufficient resistance against bacteria, molds, and decaying fungi. This work deals about effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZnO) added into melamine-urea-formaldehyde (MUF) glue in the amounts of 0, 2, 6, 12, or 24% wt. on selected biological, moisture, and strength properties of laboratory-produced one-layer PBs. The nano-ZnO-treated PBs had a higher biological resistance: (1) against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus by up to ca. 70% and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli by up to 50%, since their bacterial activities at using 1.0 McFarland bacterial inoculum decreased from 0.38–0.40 by up to 0.12–0.19  ×  108 CFU/ml; (2) against the molds Penicillium brevicompactum and Aspergillus niger by up to ca. 50–63%, since their growth intensities (0–4) on the top surfaces of treated PBs decreased according to a modified EN 15457 from 2.33–2.67 by up to 1.17–1.0; (3) against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana by up to 85.7%, since their weight losses reduced according to a modified ENV 12038 from 17.4% by up to 2.5%. The presence of nano-ZnO in PBs uninfluenced their swelling, water absorption, and bending strength; however, it decreased their internal bond strength by up to 38.8%.

Resistance of Scots pine wood to Brown-rot fungi after long-term forest fertilization

Trees ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 729-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Heijari ◽  
Anne-Marja Nerg ◽  
Seija Kaakinen ◽  
Elina Vapaavuori ◽  
Hannu Raitio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

scholarly journals Resistance of Scots pine wood to Brown-rot fungi after long-term forest fertilization

Trees ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Heijari ◽  
Anne-Marja Nerg ◽  
Seija Kaakinen ◽  
Elina Vapaavuori ◽  
Hannu Raitio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Forest Fertilization ◽  
Pine Wood ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

scholarly journals Lignocellulosic Waste Pretreatment Solely via Biocatalysis as a Partial Simultaneous Lignino-Holocellulolysis Process

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
Justine Oma Angadam ◽  
Seteno Karabo Obed Ntwampe ◽  
Boredi Silas Chidi ◽  
Jun Wei Lim ◽  
Vincent Ifeanyi Okudoh
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Digestive Enzyme ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Lignocellulosic Waste ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Hydrolysis Products ◽  
Plant Exudates ◽  
Rapid Industrialization ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Approach

Human endeavors generate a significant quantity of bio-waste, even lignocellulosic waste, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization, and can cause pollution to aquatic ecosystems, and contribute to detrimental animal and human health because of the toxicity of consequent hydrolysis products. This paper contributes to a new understanding of the lignocellulosic waste bio-pretreatment process from a literature review, which can provide better biorefinery operational outcomes. The simultaneous partial biological lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose lysis, i.e., simultaneous semi-lignino-holocellulolysis, is aimed at suggesting that when ligninolysis ensues, holocellulolysis is simultaneously performed for milled lignocellulosic waste instead of having a sequential process of initial ligninolysis and subsequent holocellulolysis as is currently the norm. It is presumed that such a process can be solely performed by digestive enzyme cocktails from the monkey cups of species such as Nepenthes, white and brown rot fungi, and some plant exudates. From the literature review, it was evident that the pretreatment of milled lignocellulosic waste is largely incomplete, and ligninolysis including holocellulolysis ensues simultaneously when the waste is milled. It is further proposed that lignocellulosic waste pretreatment can be facilitated using an environmentally friendly approach solely using biological means. For such a process to be understood and applied on an industrial scale, an interdisciplinary approach using process engineering and microbiology techniques is required.

Unraveling the natural durability of wood: revealing the impact of decay-influencing characteristics other than fungicidal components

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liselotte De Ligne ◽  
Jan Van den Bulcke ◽  
Jan M. Baetens ◽  
Bernard De Baets ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Material Characteristics ◽  
The One ◽  
Block Test ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of fungicidal components in wood has been known for ages, yet there is no method to assess the impact of such components on the durability of a wood species, as compared to other material characteristics that influence decay. In this paper, the importance of fungicidal effects on the natural durability of 10 wood species is assessed in relation to other decay-influencing factors with a new test, the so-called ‘paste test’. By comparing results from this test with the ‘mini-block test’, on both heartwood and leached sapwood, insight is gained into the significance of fungicidal components on the one hand and other material characteristics on the other hand. The durability of species such as Prunus avium was attributed mainly to fungicidal components. For species such as Pterocarpus soyauxii, durability seemed to be an effect of both fungicidal components and moisture-regulating components, while the latter seemed to be of main importance in regulating the decay of Aucoumea klaineana and Entandrophragma cylindricum. Wood-anatomical features, such as the parenchyma content (in case of brown rot fungi) and the vessel-fiber ratio, possibly affect degradation as well. This work shows that fungicidal components are not always of major importance for the durability of a wood species. The authors hereby emphasize the importance of moisture-regulating components and wood anatomy on the durability of wood.

Effect of Zinc, Zinc Oxide and Zinc Borate on the Flammability of Polycarbonate

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Benrashid ◽  
Gordon L. Nelson ◽  
Donald J. Ferm ◽  
Leland W. Chew
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Ohio State University ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
State University ◽  
Dsc Studies ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Chamber Studies ◽  
Smoke Chamber

Polycarbonate was blended with zinc, zinc borate (2ZnO·3B2O 3·3.5H2O) and zinc oxide. Blends made of zinc/polycarbonate and especially zinc borate/polycarbonate show major improvement in oxygen index values. Ohio State University (OSU) heat release studies show reduction in heat release only for zinc borate/polycarbonate blends compared to virgin polycarbonate. No improvement in smoke suppression was observed from NBS Smoke Chamber studies for these blends. From DSC studies there was a low ering of Tg's. Thermogravimetric analyses show the blends have lower tempera ture stability in nitrogen (50% weight loss) compared to a control.

scholarly journals Linking Genes to Traits in Fungi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Romero-Olivares ◽  
E. W. Morrison ◽  
A. Pringle ◽  
S. D. Frey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Organic Matter Decomposition ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Linked Gene ◽  
Carbon Cycles ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi

AbstractFungi are mediators of the nitrogen and carbon cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Examining how nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition potential differs in fungi can provide insight into the underlying mechanisms driving fungal ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. In this study, we assessed the frequency of genes encoding for specific enzymes that facilitate nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition in 879 fungal genomes with fungal taxa grouped into trait-based categories. Our linked gene-trait data approach revealed that gene frequencies vary across and within trait-based groups and that trait-based categories differ in trait space. We present two examples of how this linked gene-trait approach can be used to address ecological questions. First, we show that this type of approach can help us better understand, and potentially predict, how fungi will respond to environmental stress. Specifically, we found that trait-based categories with high nitrogen uptake gene frequency increased in relative abundance when exposed to high soil nitrogen enrichment. Second, by comparing frequencies of nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition genes, we found that most ectomycorrhizal fungi in our dataset have similar gene frequencies to brown rot fungi. This demonstrates that gene-trait data approaches can shed light on potential evolutionary trajectories of life history traits in fungi. We present a framework for exploring nitrogen uptake and organic matter decomposition gene frequencies in fungal trait-based groups and provide two concise examples on how to use our framework to address ecological questions from a mechanistic perspective.

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