Structural products made of beech wood: quality assessment of the raw material

n the last few years, the consumption of fish eggs has increased rapidly, finding widespread use also in mass catering. This increase has involved also those of the Peter’s fish (Zeus faber). Females of this species, by their reproductive characteristics, have highly developed gonads in different periods of the year, making the raw material easy to find. The aim of the present study was to perform a quality assessment of Zeus faber ovaries regularly commercialized for human consumption. A total number of 34 samples, divided in fresh (11) and frozen (23), were processed for microbiological characterization, parasitological and histological evaluations. Fresh and frozen samples have significant (P<0.01) differences in total bacterial charge, with values of 4.75±0.5 Log CFU/g and 3.65±0.7 Log CFU/g respectively. The mean value of Enterobacteriaceae was 2.58±0.7 Log CFU/g in fresh products, while 52.17% (12) of frozen samples reported loads of <1 Log CFU/g. No Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were found. Aeromonas spp. was detected in two frozen sample (with loads of 2.2 and <1 Log CFU/g) and in 5 fresh ovaries with value ranged from 1.70 to 3.48 Log CFU/g. Vibrio spp. was found in 4 (36.36%) and 3 (13.04%) of fresh and frozen samples respectively, with loads always <1 Log CFU/g. All 31 Vibrio strains isolated, were identified as Vibrio alginolyticus, and 61.29% (19) of them was positive for the ToxRS factor and 6.45% (2) for ToxR. The 47.06% (16) of total samples showed infestations by larvae of Anisakis Type 1 in the serous and inside the ovary. In this last case, histologically it was found to be free larvae. This study attested satisfactory hygiene conditions for Zeus faber ovaries currently marked for human consumption. The presence of potentially pathogenic strains of V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas spp., but above all the frequent infestation by Anisakis larvae, represent a potentially hazard for the consumer.

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Raw material factors affecting the quota of structural wood in sawmill production

Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.7639 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 107 ◽

pp. 124-130

Author(s):

MAREK WIERUSZEWSKI ◽

RADOSŁAW MIRSKI ◽

ADRIAN TROCIŃSKI

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Solid Wood ◽

Wood Products ◽

Raw Material ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Research Technology ◽

Main Indicator ◽

Round Wood

Construction wood has to meet high requirements for loads capacity. Thanks to the selection and adequate classification of raw materials it is possible to decide how specific wood products can and should be used. The usage of solid wood for structural elements purposes has been precisely classified and specified in standardized requirements. Twelve classes of structural timber, ranging from C14 to C50, have been identified for softwood. Only part of Polish raw wood meets the standards of strength classes required in the building industry, as its strength corresponds to classes C24 and C30. A conclusion from research on the assortment structure of the raw materials in Poland was formed that it is particularly important to sort wood effectively according to its quality and intended use during processing. The material and strength efficiency is the main indicator of rational use of wood. The research resulted in setting the initial classification limits of selected round wood groups according to its strength. Properties determining the possibilities of obtaining a high quality product from the available raw wood material were taken into account in the research. Crucial factor was to select the proper research technology of determining dependencies between the applied research methodology and the defined wood quality, sorting class and strength class. The lower limit of availability of raw material with appropriate technical characteristics is determined during the selection of the research formula.

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GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF FIBER LENGTH AND COARSENESS BASED ON PAPER PRODUCT PERFORMANCE AND MATERIAL VARIABILITY – A REVIEW

IAWA Journal ◽

10.1163/22941932-90000373 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 401-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Brian K. Via ◽

Michael Stine ◽

Todd F. Shupe ◽

Chi-Leung So ◽

Leslie Groom

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Product Performance ◽

Raw Material ◽

Pulp Yield ◽

Quality Trait ◽

Paper Strength ◽

Improvement Program ◽

Tracheid Length ◽

Strength And Stiffness

Improvement of specific gravity through tree breeding was an early choice made in the mid 20th century due to its ease of measurement and impact on pulp yield and lumber strength and stiffness. This was often the first, and in many cases, the only wood quality trait selected for. However, from a product standpoint, increased specific gravity has shown to lower many paper strength and stiffness properties and has been assumed to be directly attributable to increased fiber coarseness. As a result, it is currently not clear which fiber trait would best benefit a tree improvement program for paper products. This review found coarseness to be perhaps more important to paper strength and stiffness whereas tracheid length showed better promise from a breeding point of view due to its independence from specific gravity. However, both traits possessed strong heritability and influence on product performance and thus both would be beneficial to breed for depending on organizational goals and end product mix. The objective of this paper is to review and prioritize coarseness and tracheid length from both an end use and raw material perspective. To aid in prioritization, the variation, correlation, and heritability of both traits were reviewed along with significant genetic and phenotypic correlations. Variation trends within and between families as well as within a tree were reviewed.

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INFLUENCE OF FOREST STAND DENSITY ON PINUS SYLVESTRIS ROUNDWOOD QUALITY IN EVEN-AGED MIXED SCOTS PINE STANDS IN MYRTILLOSA MEL. MESOTROPHIC SITE TYPE

Environment Technology Resources Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference ◽

10.17770/etr2021vol3.6611 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 208-215

Author(s):

Ziedonis Miklašēvičs

Keyword(s):

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Tree Species ◽

Prediction Models ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Research Work ◽

Stand Density ◽

Forest Stand ◽

Raw Material ◽

Quality Characteristic ◽

Round Wood

Among different development directions for better forest utilization, the purposefully detailed assessment of wood quality as raw material, faciliating improved wood utilization in manufacturing of traditional roundwood products as well as brand new products, proves to be very perspective. Roundwood quality features substantially differ depending on forest stand geographic location, growing site conditions, tending of forest stands and other circumstances [2], [3], [11]. Therefore, the economical estimation of more important tree species in Latvia should not be based only on scientific conclusions made in other countries, so particular research is needed for this purpose. Pine (Pinus sylvestris) is the most widespread tree species in Latvia, therefore a research work provided the characteristic of round wood obtained from pine tree stem is an actual point from several aspects, as it is necessary;to create early prediction models of roundwood quality; to plan harvesting purposes;to create the data basis of economically more relevant domestic tree species;to provide the further development of roundwood quality assessment methods;to estimate the competitiveness of Latvia pine timber in the world marketThe main goal of study is to work out the quality characteristic of pine roundwood manufactured in final felling sites depending on timber formation damages- bark abrasion caused side drought.

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Wood quality assessment of Pinus radiata (radiata pine) saplings by dynamic mechanical analysis

Wood Science and Technology ◽

10.1007/s00226-015-0769-x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 49 (6) ◽

pp. 1239-1250 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

M. Sharma ◽

M. Brennan ◽

S. S. Chauhan ◽

K. M. Entwistle ◽

C. M. Altaner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽

Pinus Radiata ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Radiata Pine ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Dynamic Mechanical

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Quantitative determination of nine water-soluble vitamins in the complex matrix of corn steep liquor for raw material quality assessment

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology ◽

10.1002/jctb.5211 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 92 (8) ◽

pp. 2106-2113 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Alexandra Hofer ◽

Christoph Herwig

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Determination ◽

Quality Assessment ◽

Corn Steep Liquor ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Raw Material ◽

Complex Matrix ◽

Material Quality ◽

Steep Liquor

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Raw material quality assessment approaches comparison in pectin production

Biotechnology Progress ◽

10.1002/btpr.2762 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. e2762 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ricardo F. Caroço ◽

Marta Bevilacqua ◽

Ibrahim Armagan ◽

Paloma A. Santacoloma ◽

Jens Abildskov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Assessment ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Quality

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Physical Properties of Juvenile and Mature Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) Wood from Medvednica Region

Drvna industrija ◽

10.5552/drvind.2019.1762 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

pp. 19-26

Author(s):

Tomislav Sedlar ◽

Tomislav Sinković ◽

Jelena Trajković ◽

Marin Hasan ◽

Iva Ištok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Annual Ring ◽

Wood Quality ◽

Beech Wood ◽

Ring Width ◽

Transitional Zone ◽

Mature Wood ◽

Acer Pseudoplatanus ◽

Nominal Density ◽

Sycamore Maple

Physical properties play an important role in predicting wood quality. The aim of this study was to investigate radial variations in physical properties of sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) wood, to determine the border between juvenile and mature wood and to compare them with analogous variations in beech wood. Radial variation of density in absolutely dry condition, maximum density, nominal density, longitudinal, radial, tangential and volumetric shrinkage, maximum moisture content and annual ring width on five sycamore maple trees from Medvednica region in Croatia were determined. Observing the trend curves and comparing average values of physical properties, different zones in the cross section of the trunk were determined. In the first zone, from the pith to about 30th annual ring, more rapid changes in physical properties occurred. It is followed by transitional zone, which ranges roughly from 30th to 40th annual ring. After 40th annual ring, less pronounced changes in measured physical properties occurred. Sharp boundary between juvenile and mature wood zones could not be determined. According to the results, the first zone is considered to be juvenile wood, while mature wood starts after the 30th annual ring .

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Lignocellulosic Biomass as Source for Lignin-Based Environmentally Benign Antioxidants

10.20944/preprints201809.0265.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Abla Alzagameem ◽

Basma El Khaldi-Hansen ◽

Dominik Büchner ◽

Michael Larkins ◽

Birgit Kamm ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Hydrogen Transfer ◽

Beech Wood ◽

Kraft Lignin ◽

Raw Material ◽

Antioxidant Potential ◽

31P Nmr Spectroscopy ◽

Heterogeneous Structure ◽

Purification Procedure ◽

Isolation And Purification

Antioxidant activity is an essential feature required for oxygen-sensitive merchandise and goods, such as food and corresponding packaging as well as materials used in cosmetics and biomedicine. For example, vanillin, one of the most prominent antioxidants, is fabricated from lignin, the second most abundant natural polymer in the world. Antioxidant potential is primarily related to the termination of oxidation propagation reactions through hydrogen transfer. The application of technical lignin as a natural antioxidant has not yet been implemented in the industrial sector, mainly due to the complex heterogeneous structure and polydispersity of lignin. Thus, current research focuses on various isolation and purification strategies to improve the compatibility of lignin material with substrates and enhancing its stabilizing effect. This contribution presents antioxidant capacity studies of various lignins depending on purification degree of the raw material. In detail, the antioxidant potential of lignin-based compounds is studied using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay. The purification procedure was monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and showed that double-fold selective extraction is the most efficient purification procedure (confirmed by UV-Vis, FTIR, HSQC and 31P NMR spectroscopy, SEC and XRD analysis). Results are discussed regarding the dependency of antioxidant activity on lignin structure and biomass source. Thus, lignins obtained from industrial black liquor are compared with beech wood samples. In addition, the influence of lignin isolation (kraft versus organosolv) is discussed. Values of the antioxidant activity (DPPH inhibition) of kraft lignin fractions were 62-68% while beech and spruce/pine-mixed lignins showed values between 26, 64 and 42%, respectively. TPC values of the different isolated kraft lignin fractions varied between 26-35%, while beech, spruce/pine lignins were 34, 30 and 34%, respectively. Storage decreased the TPC values and increased the DPPH inhibition.

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