scholarly journals Quality assessment of Zeus faber (Peter’s fish) ovaries regularly commercialized for human consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Giarratana ◽  
Graziella Ziino ◽  
Valerio D'Andrea ◽  
Antonio Panebianco ◽  
Alessandro Giuffrida
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
Vibrio Spp ◽  
Zeus Faber

n the last few years, the consumption of fish eggs has increased rapidly, finding widespread use also in mass catering. This increase has involved also those of the Peter’s fish (Zeus faber). Females of this species, by their reproductive characteristics, have highly developed gonads in different periods of the year, making the raw material easy to find. The aim of the present study was to perform a quality assessment of Zeus faber ovaries regularly commercialized for human consumption. A total number of 34 samples, divided in fresh (11) and frozen (23), were processed for microbiological characterization, parasitological and histological evaluations. Fresh and frozen samples have significant (P<0.01) differences in total bacterial charge, with values of 4.75±0.5 Log CFU/g and 3.65±0.7 Log CFU/g respectively. The mean value of Enterobacteriaceae was 2.58±0.7 Log CFU/g in fresh products, while 52.17% (12) of frozen samples reported loads of <1 Log CFU/g. No Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes were found. Aeromonas spp. was detected in two frozen sample (with loads of 2.2 and <1 Log CFU/g) and in 5 fresh ovaries with value ranged from 1.70 to 3.48 Log CFU/g. Vibrio spp. was found in 4 (36.36%) and 3 (13.04%) of fresh and frozen samples respectively, with loads always <1 Log CFU/g. All 31 Vibrio strains isolated, were identified as Vibrio alginolyticus, and 61.29% (19) of them was positive for the ToxRS factor and 6.45% (2) for ToxR. The 47.06% (16) of total samples showed infestations by larvae of Anisakis Type 1 in the serous and inside the ovary. In this last case, histologically it was found to be free larvae. This study attested satisfactory hygiene conditions for Zeus faber ovaries currently marked for human consumption. The presence of potentially pathogenic strains of V. alginolyticus and Aeromonas spp., but above all the frequent infestation by Anisakis larvae, represent a potentially hazard for the consumer.

Selenium concentrations in tissues of sheep given a subcutaneous injection of barium selenate or sodium selenate

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Archer ◽  
GJ Judson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Subcutaneous Injection ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Body ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Sodium Selenate ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Protective Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Mean

Young sheep were allocated to 6 treatment groups, each of 8 ewes and 8 wethers. Treatments given were nil, 0.1, or 0.5 mg selenium (Se)/kg body weight as a subcutaneous injection of sodium selenate (Na2SeO4), and 0.8, 1.4, or 2.9 mg Se/kg body weight as a subcutaneous injection of barium selenate (BaSeO4). At 14, 28, 56, and 112 days after treatment, 2 ewes and 2 wethers from each group were slaughtered and samples of blood, liver, kidney, cardiac and skeletal muscle, lymph nodes, and faeces were collected for Se assay. On days 0, 1, 3, 7, 13, 27, and 55 blood and spot faecal samples were taken for Se assay from the 24 sheep selected for slaughter on day 112. In sheep given Na2Se04 there was a rapid but transient increase in the mean Se concentration in tissues, particularly the liver of sheep given the highest dose of Na2SeO4. In these sheep on days 14,28,56, and 112 the respective mean liver concentrations were 169, 62,25, and 6.9 �mol/kg DM: the mean value on day 14 was 15 times the mean value in untreated sheep. In sheep given BaSeO4 there was a gradual increase in mean Se concentration of tissues during the experiment. Faecal Se concentrations increased in sheep given the Se injections. The marked but transient increase in liver Se concentrations in sheep given Na2SeO4 suggests that this organ provides an important protective mechanism against toxicity by readily accumulating and excreting Se into the gut. Our results indicate that the BaSeO4 doses were unlikely to cause Se toxicity in young sheep or result in Se residues in tissues above those recommended for human consumption. The BaSeO4 should be administered subcutaneously in the neck or other sites of the body not sold for human consumption, since deposits of BaSeO4 remain at the site of injection for at least 112 days and may be dangerous if inadvertently consumed.

scholarly journals Cortical Evoked Potentials in Children of Diabetic Mothers

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Brinciotti ◽  
Angela Napoli ◽  
Antonio Mittica ◽  
Olimpia Bitterman ◽  
Maria Matricardi
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Metabolic Control ◽  
Somatosensory Evoked Potentials ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Diabetic Mothers

Type 1 diabetic mothers' infants show a delay of visual evoked potential (VEP) significantly related to some parameters of poor metabolic control during pregnancy. In the present paper we analyzed the characteristics of VEPs and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) recorded in 16 three-year-old type 1 diabetic mothers' children (DMC). Compared with controls (23 nondiabetic mothers' healthy matched children), DMC showed significantly delayed mean latency of VEP (P2) and SEP (P22). In 3 cases (19%), we found pathological responses (+3 SD from the mean value of controls) of VEPs and SEPs. At the age of 3 years, the offspring of type 1 diabetic mothers showed delay of cortical evoked responses in both visual and somatosensory systems.

scholarly journals Microbiological evaluation of ready-to-eat iceberg lettuce during shelf-life and effectiveness of household washing methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Bencardino ◽  
Luca Agostino Vitali ◽  
Dezemona Petrelli
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Target Market ◽  
Load Reduction ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Iceberg Lettuce ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study was to assess the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat (RTE) iceberg lettuce. Our investigation was based on the consumption tendency of university students considered a target market for this product. A total of 78 RTE samples were collected from chain supermarkets and analysed for the enumeration of aerobic mesophilic count (AMC), Escherichia coli and the detection of Salmonella spp. and Listeria monocytogenes. All samples were negative for the presence of pathogens. The mean value of AMC at the beginning, in the middle and after the expiration date was: 6.88, 8.51 and 8.72 log CFU g-1, respectively. The same investigation was performed on 12 samples of fresh iceberg lettuce samples. No pathogens were found and the mean value of AMC was lower than the RTE category (5.73 log CFU g-1; P<0.05). The effectiveness of 5 washing methods was determined on 15 samples of both fresh and RTE iceberg lettuce. Samples were washed for 15’ and 30’ in tap water (500 mL), tap water with NaCl (4 g/500 mL), tap water with bicarbonate (8 g/500 mL), tap water with vinegar (10 mL/500 mL) and tap water with chlorine-based disinfectant (10 mL/500 mL). A significant bacterial load reduction was recorded for vinegar and disinfectant after 30’ and 15’, respectively. Overall, these results showed that RTE iceberg lettuce is more contaminated than the fresh product. Also, the consumption in the first few days of packaging and after washing with disinfectants reduces the risk for health consumers.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Tef [Eragrostis tef (Zucc.)Trotter] as Revealed by Microsatellite Markers

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mahilet Tadesse ◽  
Mulugeta Kebede ◽  
Dejene Girma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Information Index ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Level

Genetic variability is the fundamental prerequisite of any crop-breeding program to develop superior cultivars. There are about 350 Eragrostis1 species, of which, tef is the only species cultivated for human consumption. Currently, the Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) collected over five thousand tef accessions from different geographical regions, diverse in terms of climate and elevation, which are uncharacterized yet. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity among 64 tef accessions using 10 selected polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. A total of 314 alleles were detected with an average of 14.5 alleles per locus and amplicon size ranged from 90 bp–320 bp. The mean value of polymorphic information content (PIC) was 0.87, appearing polymorphic for all loci. The lowest Fst value (0.05) was recorded among the studied tef populations. The mean value of major allele frequency and the number of effective alleles were 0.33 and 3.32, respectively. The mean value of gene flow (Nm) and Shannon’s information index (I) was 4.74 and 1.65, respectively. The observed (Ho) and expected (He) heterozygosities varied from 0.34 to 0.56 and from 0.58 to 0.76, respectively. The cluster analysis has grouped the 64 tef accessions into three distinct clusters based on their similarity. The PCoA analysis showed that clustering is basing on the geographical origin of accessions. Analysis of molecular variance revealed 56%, 39% and 5% of the total variation due to variation within populations, among individuals and among populations, respectively. Structure bar-plot also inferred three gene pools, but with high level of admixtures. Thus, the present study shows that the identified tef accessions could be of great interest for the initiation of a planned breeding and conservation programs.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF COLOR OF MEAT USING THE METHOD OF COMPUTER COLORIMETRY

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Petrusha ◽  
Alexandra Niemirich
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Color Parameter ◽  
Native State ◽  
Digital Technique ◽  
Color Coordinates ◽  
The Mean

In the article is considered a possibility to use the accessible modern digital technique: flatbet scanners, digital photocameras and web-cameras for determination of color of foodstuff. The offered method allows get the digital image of studied sample and count information about the values of color coordinates of its every pixel that characterizes the color of meat half-finished product such as meat powder. The assessment of this raw material was carried out in dry and restored state. At measurement of color coordinates of the meat powders in native state there was determined the method of sample preparation for getting the mean value of color with the least standard deviation ~ 20 %. Thus, according to the studies, the sample of dry meat half-finished product must be reduced to fragments less than 0,2 mm. Availability of this method allows use it for assessment of the quality of dry meat half-finished products according to color parameter.

scholarly journals Pine Logs Sorting as a Function of Bark Thickness

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Radosław Mirski ◽  
Adrian Trociński ◽  
Jakub Kawalerczyk ◽  
Marek Wieruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bark Thickness ◽  
Size Mismatch ◽  
Optical Scanning ◽  
Automatic Sorting ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
The Mean

The process of sorting softwood raw materials is aimed at full automation. Techniques such as laser and optical scanning, used in measuring and sorting wood raw material with the layer of bark, are based on an analysis of the external shape of the log. The consequence of this is the use of constant ranges of bark deductions, which are often affected by errors resulting from averaging the values. The thickness of the bark is influenced by many factors, such as the tree species and the quality of habitat in which the trees have grown. In the case of pine wood, the range of adopted diametral intervals for the processed raw material plays a significant role. The analysis of the automatic sorting results showed numerous cases of a log-size mismatch. In methods that assume the measurement of wood with the bark, deductions for bark should be made based on experiments that take into account the raw resources base. Despite the high correlation between the size of the deduction and the average thickness of the bark (r = 0.85), the mean value of an error of the adjustment to the maximum thickness of the bark in the automatic sorting was 45%. The maximum bark thickness for the analyzed sorting intervals was correlated. The level of the correlation coefficient value was r = 0.72. In order to increase the accuracy of the sorting process, the value of the deduction for bark should be adjusted to the maximum values in each sorting group.

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE KINETIC SERUM-NEUTRALIZATION (McBRIDE) TEST FOR POLIOVIRUSES

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1223-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Furesz ◽  
Ralph E. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Virus Strain ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Strain Differences ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neutralization Rate ◽  
Virus Strains

Groups of 12 roosters were immunized with four type 1 poliovirus strains, Sabin's reference, one "vaccinee", one "vaccine-contact", and one "wild" strain, respectively. Sera were collected 1 week after the third, the fifth, and the seventh immunizing dose and tested simultaneously in the McBride antigenic test against the four virus strains used for immunization and against another "wild" strain. The immunization schedules of five or seven doses of virus inoculum resulted in specific sera of high antibody titers and were found suitable for kinetic neutralization studies. The statistical analysis of the test results demonstrated that antigenic differences among virus strains accounted for the largest single source of variation, and although the variation attributable to individual roosters was significant, it was small in comparison with that due to virus strain differences. These data indicated that a group of four roosters should be immunized with a single virus strain using five or seven doses; the mean value of the neutralization rate constants of the four individual antisera will well characterize the intratypic antigenic differences between virus strains.

scholarly journals Space–time dynamics of carbon and environmental parameters related to carbon dioxide emissions in the Buor-Khaya Bay and adjacent part of the Laptev Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 5977-5996 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. P. Semiletov ◽  
N. E. Shakhova ◽  
I. I. Pipko ◽  
S. P. Pugach ◽  
A. N. Charkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Erosion ◽  
River Discharge ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Laptev Sea ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Adjacent Part ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Laptev Sea

Abstract. This study aims to improve understanding of carbon cycling in the Buor-Khaya Bay (BKB) and adjacent part of the Laptev Sea by studying the inter-annual, seasonal, and meso-scale variability of carbon and related hydrological and biogeochemical parameters in the water, as well as factors controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Here we present data sets obtained on summer cruises and winter expeditions during 12 yr of investigation. Based on data analysis, we suggest that in the heterotrophic BKB area, input of terrestrially borne organic carbon (OC) varies seasonally and inter-annually and is largely determined by rates of coastal erosion and river discharge. Two different BKB sedimentation regimes were revealed: Type 1 (erosion accumulation) and Type 2 (accumulation). A Type 1 sedimentation regime occurs more often and is believed to be the quantitatively most important mechanism for suspended particular matter (SPM) and particulate organic carbon (POC) delivery to the BKB. The mean SPM concentration observed in the BKB under a Type 1 regime was one order of magnitude greater than the mean concentration of SPM (~ 20 mg L−1) observed along the Lena River stream in summer 2003. Loadings of the BKB water column with particulate material vary by more than a factor of two between the two regimes. Higher partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), higher concentrations of nutrients, and lower levels of oxygen saturation were observed in the bottom water near the eroded coasts, implying that coastal erosion and subsequent oxidation of eroded organic matter (OM) rather than the Lena River serves as the predominant source of nutrients to the BKB. Atmospheric CO2 fluxes from the sea surface in the BKB vary from 1 to 95 mmol m−2 day−1 and are determined by specific features of hydrology and wind conditions, which change spatially, seasonally, and inter-annually. Mean values of CO2 emission from the shallow Laptev Sea were similar in September 1999 and 2005 (7.2 and 7.8 mmol m−2 day−1, respectively), while the CO2 efflux can be one order lower after a strong storm such as in September 2011. Atmospheric CO2 emissions from a thawed coastal ice complex in the BKB area varied from 9 to 439 mmol m−2 day−1, with the mean value ranged from 75.7 to 101 mmol m−2 day−1 in two years (September 2006 and 2009), suggesting that at the time of observations the eroded coastal area served as a more significant source of CO2 to the atmosphere than the tundra (mean value: 22.7 mmol m−2 day−1) on the neighboring Primorsky coastal plain (September 2006). The observed increase in the Lena River discharge since the 1990s suggests that increased levels of "satellite-derived" annual primary production could be explained by an increasing load of humic acids delivered to shelf water; in this water the color resulting from the presence of CDOM (colored dissolved organic matter) mimics the color resulting from the presence of Chl a when seen from space. Because the BKB area can be employed as an integrator of ongoing changes in the surrounding environment, we suggest that under ongoing changes, more nutrients, products of eroded OC transformation and river transport, will be delivered to the Arctic Ocean with its shrinking ice cover, potentially increasing primary production outside of the shallow East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS). At the same time, because the ESAS is characterized by very low transparency which limits euphotic layer thickness, excessive pCO2 will not be utilized by photosynthesis but will rather be emitted to the atmosphere at increasing rates, affecting regional CO2 balance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibilities of enteric bacterial pathogens isolated in Kathmandu, Nepal, during 2002-2004

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (03) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palpasa Kansakar ◽  
Pankaj Baral ◽  
Sarala Malla ◽  
Gokarna Raj Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
National Public Health ◽  
Shigella Spp ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Culture Positive ◽  
Vibrio Spp

Introduction: The prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the bacterial enteropathogens Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella species and Shigella species were investigated. Methodology: A total of 877 stool samples were received for culture at the National Public Health Laboratory (NPHL), Kathmandu, Nepal, during January 2002 to December 2004, from diarrhoea patients attending Shukraraj Tropical Infectious Hospital and referral outpatients. All samples collected were processed for isolation and antibiotic susceptibility testing of Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. Results: Of the 877 stool samples, 148 (16.8%) were culture positive for one of the three bacterial enteropathogens investigated. Among them, Vibrio cholerae, Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp. accounted for 98/877 (11.1%), 41/877 (4.6%), 9/877 (1.02%) of the isolates respectively. A year-to-year variation was seen in the type of predominant organism, with Shigella spp. being the most prevalent in 2002 and 2003 and Vibrio spp. in 2004. In all three years, Vibrio cholerae were encountered only during the months of April to June while Salmonella spp. and Shigella spp. were isolated throughout the whole year. All Vibrio cholerae and Salmonella isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin.  All Shigella isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone. Ciprofloxacin resistance was observed among isolates of Shigella dysenteriae type-1 isolated after 2003. Conclusion: Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella and Shigella infections are prevalent in Kathmandu, Nepal. A gradual increase in resistance to commonly used antimicrobials was seen among bacterial enteropathogens. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is necessary to guide empirical treatment.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of frozen black mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis, Lamarck, 1819) purchased from markets in the İzmir Province of Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Bülent Kafa ◽  
Berna Kılınç
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Consumer Safety ◽  
Vibrio Spp

The purpose of this study was to examine the microbiological quality and consumer safety of frozen black mussels purchased from four different markets (A, B, C, D) in the İzmir Province of Turkey. A total of 36 frozen black mussel packages, which contained approximately 50 mussels in each, were purchased from the markets. They were not only examined for total mesophilic, psychrotrophic, coliform and fecal coliform bacteria count but also investigated for pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Vibrio spp. According to the results of the mesophilic bacteria counts, frozen black mussels did not exceed the microbiological limits set for safe consumption. The findings showed that frozen black mussels purchased from (A, B, C, D) of markets were safe for human consumption because pathogenic bacteria species such as E.coli, Salmonella spp., S. aureus, L. monocytogenes and Vibrio spp. were not present in the frozen mussel samples.

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