Lower cardiorespiratory fitness contributes to increased insulin resistance and fasting glycaemia in middle-aged South Asian compared with European men living in the UK

The aim of the current investigation was to determine the possible relationships of fasting adiponectin level with body composition, bone mineral, insulin sensitivity, leptin, and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in 153 women. Subjects were classified as premenopausal ( n = 42; 40.8 ± 5.7 yr) if they had regular menstrual periods, early postmenopausal ( n = 49; 56.7 ± 3.6 yr) if they had been postmenopausal for more than >1 yr but <7 yr (5.5 ± 1.3 yr), and postmenopausal ( n = 62; 72.2 ± 4.5 yr) if they had been postmenopausal for >7 yr. All women studied had a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2. Adiponectin values were higher ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged (12.0 ± 5.1 μg/ml) and older (15.3 ± 7.3 μg/ml) postmenopausal women compared with middle-aged premenopausal women (8.4 ± 3.2 μg/ml). Mean plasma adiponectin concentration in the total group of women ( n = 153) was 12.2 ± 6.3 μg/ml and was positively related ( P < 0.05) to age, indexes of overall obesity (BMI, body fat mass), and cardiorespiratory fitness (PWC) values. In addition, a negative association ( P < 0.05) between adiponectin with central obesity (waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratio), fat-free mass, bone mineral (bone mineral content, total and lumbar spine bone mineral density), and leptin and insulin resistance (insulin, fasting insulin resistance index) values was observed. However, multivariate regression analysis revealed that only age, fasting insulin resistance index, and leptin were independent predictors of adiponectin concentration. In conclusion, circulating adiponectin concentrations increase with age in normal-weight middle-aged and older women. It appears that adiponectin is independently related to age, leptin, and insulin resistance values in women across the age span and menstrual status.

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Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000685 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Hossein Shahinfar ◽

Farhang Djafari ◽

Nadia Babaei ◽

Samira Davarzani ◽

Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Principal Component ◽

Total Sample ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Anthropometric Measures ◽

Western Dietary Pattern ◽

Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

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Labels, Histories, Politics: Indian/South Asian Dance on the Global Stage

Dance Research ◽

10.3366/e0264287508000200 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 223-243 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

AVANTHI MEDURI

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

First Century ◽

Nation State ◽

The South ◽

Global Networks ◽

Indian Nation ◽

The 1950S ◽

Twenty First Century ◽

The Uk

In this paper, I discuss issues revolving around history, historiography, alterity, difference and otherness concealed in the doubled Indian/South Asian label used to describe Indian/South Asian dance genres in the UK. The paper traces the historical genealogy of the South Asian label to US, Indian and British contexts and describes how the South Asian enunciation fed into Indian nation-state historiography and politics in the 1950s. I conclude by describing how Akademi: South Asian Dance, a leading London based arts organisation, explored the ambivalence in the doubled Indian/South Asian label by renaming itself in 1997, and forging new local/global networks of communication and artistic exchange between Indian and British based dancers and choreographers at the turn of the twenty-first century.

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Effects of Pilates Continuous Exercise Intervention on Blood Lipid Profiles, Insulin Resistance and Maximal Oxygen uptake in Obese Middle-aged Women

The Korean Journal of Growth and Development ◽

10.34284/kjgd.2020.11.28.4.469 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 469-476

Author(s):

Kyounghwa Jung ◽

Won-Sang Jung ◽

Hun-Young Park ◽

Kiwon Lim

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽

Exercise Intervention ◽

Blood Lipid ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Continuous Exercise

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Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment using risk-stratified exercise testing and dose–response relationships with disease outcomes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94768-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tomas I. Gonzales ◽

Kate Westgate ◽

Tessa Strain ◽

Stefanie Hollidge ◽

Justin Jeon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Estimation Method ◽

The Novel ◽

Exercise Tests ◽

Metabolic Equivalent ◽

Fitness Assessment ◽

Disease Outcomes ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

The Uk

AbstractCardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with mortality and cardiovascular disease, but assessing CRF in the population is challenging. Here we develop and validate a novel framework to estimate CRF (as maximal oxygen consumption, VO2max) from heart rate response to low-risk personalised exercise tests. We apply the method to examine associations between CRF and health outcomes in the UK Biobank study, one of the world’s largest and most inclusive studies of CRF, showing that risk of all-cause mortality is 8% lower (95%CI 5–11%, 2670 deaths among 79,981 participants) and cardiovascular mortality is 9% lower (95%CI 4–14%, 854 deaths) per 1-metabolic equivalent difference in CRF. Associations obtained with the novel validated CRF estimation method are stronger than those obtained using previous methodology, suggesting previous methods may have underestimated the importance of fitness for human health.

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The ageing of parent carers: classed and gendered care-giving patterns at higher ages

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x21000799 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-24

Author(s):

Ursula Henz

Keyword(s):

Adult Children ◽

Social Classes ◽

Retirement Age ◽

Parent Care ◽

Multivariate Models ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Care Giving ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Uk ◽

Marital Union

Abstract Increasing longevity has led to a rising number of adult children who are at higher ages when they provide care for their parents. Drawing on the lifecourse approach and exchange theory, the paper addresses similarities and differences in parent care between late middle-aged and older adult children. The study uses the UK Household Longitudinal Study, restricting the analysis sample to individuals aged 50 and older with a living parent or parent-in-law. It presents multivariate models to examine differences between late middle-aged (aged 50–64) and older (aged 65+) children in being a parent carer, providing intensive care, the duration of parent care and providing selected types of help to parents. The involvement in parent care increases among women up to the end of their seventh decade of life and for men up to their eighth decade of life. At higher ages, the proportion of parent carers decreases more strongly for women than men. Older carers have shorter care-giving episodes than younger carers, but there is no significant difference in the type of care provided. Even past retirement age, parent care remains classed and gendered, with women from lower social classes having the highest likelihood of providing intensive parent care in old age. Having dependent children or living in a non-marital union depress the likelihood of caring for a parent even past retirement age.

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