Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with both healthy and western dietary pattern in Iranian middle-aged

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Hossein Shahinfar ◽  
Farhang Djafari ◽  
Nadia Babaei ◽  
Samira Davarzani ◽  
Mojdeh Ebaditabar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Background: The association between dietary patterns and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not well established. Objective: We sought to investigate association between a posteriori dietary pattern and CRF in middle-aged adults. Design: Adults (n = 276), aged 20–74 years, who were residents of Tehran, Iran were recruited. Diet was assessed by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Principal component analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. Socio-economic status, anthropometric measures, body composition, and blood pressure were recorded. CRF was assessed by using a graded exercise treadmill test. Analysis of variance and linear regression models were used to discern the association between dietary patterns and CRF. Results: Higher scores of the healthy dietary pattern had no association with VO2max (p = 0.13 ). After controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated across tertiles of healthy dietary patterns (p < 0.001). Higher adherence to the “mixed” dietary pattern was inversely related to VO2max (p < 0.01). After adjusting for confounders, the significant association disappeared (p = 0.14). Higher scores of the “Western” dietary pattern was not associated with VO2max (p = 0.06). However, after controlling for potential confounders, VO2max was positively associated with the “Western” dietary pattern (p = 0.01). A positive linear association between the “healthy” dietary pattern and CRF for the total sample (R2 = 0.02; p < 0.01) were presented. Conclusions: Overall, our findings suggest that higher adherence to a “healthy” and “Western” dietary pattern was positively associated with CRF. However, further studies are required to examine and clarify the causal relationship between dietary patterns and CRF.

scholarly journals Food intake patterns are associated with the risk of impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis: a prospective approach in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (13) ◽  
pp. 2467-2474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tayebeh Doostvandi ◽  
Zahra Bahadoran ◽  
Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
Fereidoun Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Insulin Homeostasis ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the association of major dietary patterns with the risk of impaired glucose and insulin homeostasis during a 3-year follow-up.DesignFasting serum insulin (FSI), fasting (FSG) and 2 h serum glucose (2h-SG) were measured at baseline and again after 3 years. Dietary intakes were evaluated using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative FFQ and major dietary patterns were obtained using principal component analysis. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the occurrence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), pre-diabetes (IGT/IFG), β-cell dysfunction and hyperinsulinaemia across tertiles of dietary patterns, with adjustment for potential confounding variables.SettingTehran Lipid and Glucose Study.SubjectsIranian men and women (n 904).ResultsMean age of participants was 38·7 (sd 11·3) years and 44·6 % were men. Major dietary patterns were Western, traditional and healthy, which explained 25·2 % of total variance in food intake. There was a positive association between Western and traditional scores with 3-year change in 2h-SG, while the healthy pattern was negatively related to 3-year changes in FSG, 2h-SG, FSI and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. Highest compared with the lowest tertile of the Western dietary pattern was accompanied by a higher risk for development of IGT (OR=3·09; 95 % CI 1·28, 7·50); a higher score on the healthy dietary pattern was associated with a significantly reduced risk of hyperinsulinaemia (OR=0·53; 95 % CI 0·28, 0·94).ConclusionsOur findings showed that adherence to a Western dietary pattern may be a risk factor for the development of IGT, while a healthy dietary pattern may prevent hyperinsulinaemia.

scholarly journals Exploring absolute and relative measures of exposure to food environments in relation to dietary patterns among European adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (06) ◽  
pp. 1037-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
MGM Pinho ◽  
JD Mackenbach ◽  
J-M Oppert ◽  
H Charreire ◽  
H Bárdos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Spatial Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the associations of absolute and relative measures of exposure to food retailers with dietary patterns, using simpler and more complex measures.DesignCross-sectional survey.SettingUrban regions in Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the UK.ParticipantsEuropean adults (n 4942). Supermarkets and local food shops were classified as ‘food retailers providing healthier options’; fast-food/takeaway restaurants, cafés/bars and convenience/liquor stores as ‘food retailers providing less healthy options’. Simpler exposure measures used were density of healthy and density of less healthy food retailers. More complex exposure measures used were: spatial access (combination of density and proximity) to healthy and less healthy food retailers; density of healthier food retailers relative to all food retailers; and a ratio of spatial access scores to healthier and less healthy food retailers. Outcome measures were a healthy or less healthy dietary pattern derived from a principal component analysis (based on consumption of fruits, vegetables, fish, fast foods, sweets and sweetened beverages).ResultsOnly the highest density of less healthy food retailers was significantly associated with the less healthy dietary pattern (β = −129·6; 95 % CI −224·3, −34·8). None of the other absolute density measures nor any of the relative measures of exposures were associated with dietary patterns.ConclusionsMore complex measures of exposure to food retailers did not produce stronger associations with dietary patterns. We had some indication that absolute and relative measures of exposure assess different aspects of the food environment. However, given the lack of significant findings, this needs to be further explored.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary Patterns with Metabolic Syndrome: Results from the Kardiovize Brno 2030 Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Agodi ◽  
Andrea Maugeri ◽  
Sarka Kunzova ◽  
Ondrej Sochor ◽  
Hana Bauerova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
High Adherence

Although metabolic syndrome (MetS) could be handled by lifestyle interventions, its relationship with dietary patterns remains unclear in populations from Central Europe. Using data from the Kardiovize Brno cohort, the present study aims to identify the main dietary patterns and to evaluate their association with MetS risk in a random urban sample from Brno, Czech Republic. In a cross-sectional study of 1934 subjects aged 25–65 years (44.3% male), dietary patterns were derived by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administration and principal component analysis. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation statement. Logistic regression models were applied. High adherence to the prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity, abnormal glucose concentration, and MetS. By contrast, high adherence to the western dietary pattern was associated with higher odds of abnormal glucose, triglycerides and blood pressure levels. Whilst our results confirm the deleterious effect of a western dietary pattern on several metabolic risk factors, they also indicate that the consumption of a diet rich in cereals, fish, fruit and vegetables is associated with a healthier metabolic profile. However, further prospective research is warranted to develop and validate novel potential preventive strategies against MetS and its complications.

scholarly journals The relationship between dietary patterns and rheumatoid arthritis: a case–control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokufeh Nezamoleslami ◽  
Reza Ghiasvand ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Mansour Salesi ◽  
Makan Pourmasoumi
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract Background and aim A number of studies have investigated the effects of individual foods and/or nutrients on rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but research focusing on whole dietary patterns remains limited. The association of dietary patterns and rheumatoid arthritis is therefore not well elucidated. This study aims to determine existing relationships between major identified dietary patterns and RA. Methods This matched case–control study was conducted on 297 individuals in Isfahan, Iran. The presence of RA was determined by an expert rheumatologist, based on the American College of Rheumatology definitions, 2010. A 168-item questionnaire was used to collect dietary data. Major dietary patterns were identified using the factor analysis method. Results Two major dietary patterns, namely, healthy and western dietary patterns, were identified. Lower adherence to the healthy dietary pattern was associated with increased risk of RA (OR = 2.80; 95% CI 1.74–4.67; P < 0.001). The association remained significant even after taking other confounders into account (OR = 2.85; 95% CI 1.12–7.45; P = 0.03). A positively significant association was also observed between adherence to western dietary pattern and RA in the fully-adjusted final model (OR = 2.22; 95% CI 1.04–4.72; P = 0.03). Conclusions The study suggests that there is an inverse association between adherence to a healthy dietary pattern and the odds of RA, and a positive significant relationship was found between western dietary pattern and RA. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.

A healthy dietary pattern may be associated with primary insomnia among Iranian adults: A case-control study

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Samaneh Sadat ◽  
Ammar Salehi-sahlabadi ◽  
Makan Pourmasoumi ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
Cain C. T. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Primary Insomnia ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Objective: While it has been reported that both foods and nutrients for individuals are connected with sleep, there is no evidence regarding the association of dietary patterns, identified by factor analysis, with primary insomnia. The present study sought to evaluate the association between major dietary patterns and the chance of having primary insomnia. Methods: The present case-control study was performed using 444 people (111 cases and 333 control), aged 18 to 60 years, referred to Isfahan health centers. Dietary intake was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire in a case-control study in Isfahan, Iran. Principal component analysis was used to determine major dietary patterns. The presence of primary insomnia was measured via the insomnia severity index questionnaire, and the subjects were grouped as healthy or insomniac. Results: Three major dietary patterns were recognized, and named; Western, Iranian Traditional and Healthy, respectively. The cumulative percentage of variance explained by three dietary patterns was 48.2%. Those in second (OR = 0.30; 95%CI: 0.2–0.46) and third (OR = 0.22; 95%CI: 0.15–0.35) tertiles of healthy dietary pattern were less likely suffer with insomnia. This association remained significant only in the highest tertile after adjusting potential confounders (OR = 0.45; 95%CI: 0.32–0.95). We found no significant association between greater adherence to Western or Iranian traditional dietary patterns and primary insomnia. Conclusions: The findings showed that although no statistically significant association was observed between both Western and Iranian traditional dietary patterns with primary insomnia, people with greater adherence to the healthy dietary pattern are less likely to have primary insomnia.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammar Salehi-sahlabadi ◽  
Samaneh Sadat ◽  
Sara Beigrezaei ◽  
Makan Pourmasomi ◽  
Awat Feizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Crude Model ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract Background Nutrition is a modifiable risk factor that plays an important role in the prevention or delaying of the onset of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Previous studies have focused on NAFLD and individual nutrients, which does not take into account combinations of food that are consumed. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the relationship between major dietary patterns and NAFLD. Methods This case–control study was conducted on 225 newly diagnosed NAFLD patients and 450 healthy controls. Usual dietary intake over the preceding year was assessed using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Major dietary patterns were determined by exploratory factor analysis. Results Three dietary patterns, including "western dietary pattern", "healthy dietary pattern", and "traditional dietary pattern" were identified. Subjects in the highest tertile of healthy dietary pattern scores had a lower odds ratio for NAFLD than those in the lowest tertile. Compared with those in the lowest tertile, people in the highest tertile of “western dietary pattern” scores had greater odds for NAFLD. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, “western dietary pattern” had a positive significant effect on NAFLD occurrence. In contrast, “healthy dietary pattern” was associated with a decreased risk of NAFLD. Furthermore, Higher consumption of the “traditional dietary pattern” was significantly associated with NAFLD, albeit in the crude model only. Conclusion This study indicated that healthy and western dietary patterns may be associated with the risk of NAFLD. The results can be used for developing interventions in order to promote healthy eating for the prevention of NAFLD.

scholarly journals Dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among Iranian women

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532090988
Author(s):  
Maryam Lahouti ◽  
Roza Zavoshy ◽  
Mostafa Noroozi ◽  
Reza Rostami ◽  
Maryam Gholamalizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Iranian Women ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Mediterranean Dietary Pattern ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern

We aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and depressive symptoms among 217 Iranian women aged 20–45 years. In this study, dietary intake was assessed using a valid and reliable semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A principal component analysis was applied to detect the major dietary patterns. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the depressive symptoms. Two major dietary patterns were identified: the “semi-Mediterranean” dietary pattern and the “western” dietary pattern. Participants with the “western” dietary pattern had a higher rate of depressive symptoms ( p < 0.05). However, the “semi-Mediterranean” dietary pattern had no significant association with the depressive symptoms.

scholarly journals Secular trend in dietary patterns of Iranian adults from 2006 to 2017: Tehran lipid and glucose study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Aghayan ◽  
Golaleh Asghari ◽  
Emad Yuzbashian ◽  
Maryam Mahdavi ◽  
Parvin Mirmiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Secular Trend ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Solid Fat ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract Background Based on data regarding nutrition transition in the Middle East and North Africa, this study aim to investigate the general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns reported from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS) and adherence to these dietary patterns among Iranian population from 2006 till 2017. Methods We investigated on four examination waves of TLGS, including wave 1 (2006–2008), wave 2 (2009–2011), wave 3 (2012–2014), and wave 4 (2015–2017), using a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to assess secular trends in anthropometric, biochemical, and dietary variables across the study period. To identify general structure and secular trend of dietary patterns during each waves, principle component analysis (PCA) and K-mean cluster analysis were used, respectively. Results After adjusting for potential confounders including age, sex, body mass index, and total energy intake, the carbohydrate and protein intake gradually increased and the total fat intake decreased during study period (P-value< 0.001), although total energy intake remained stable. During the study period, participants consumed noticeably less refined grains, solid fat, dairy products, and simple sugars. Snack and dessert consumption increased and meat intakes showed no significant changes during a decade (all P-values< 0.001). Three dietary patterns extracted using PCA, included: Healthy dietary pattern characterized by higher intakes of vegetable, fruit, dairy products, liquid oil, nuts and seeds, and honey and jam; Western dietary pattern featured by refined grain, solid fat, meat, snack and dessert, potato, and soft drink, and the Mixed dietary pattern, highlighted by tea and coffee, and simple sugar. Based on cluster analysis, 27.8% of participants in wave 4 followed a Western dietary pattern, and 34.1% followed the Mixed dietary pattern. The Healthy dietary pattern was stable among the study population during the last decade. Conclusions The structure and the type of foods that participants preferred to eat changed since 2006, a new secular trend in dietary patterns, including a stability of Healthy dietary pattern, a decline of the Western dietary pattern and an increase in the Mixed dietary pattern was obsereved in our investigation.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively associated with a healthy dietary pattern in New Zealand adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279-1287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna S Howe ◽  
Paula ML Skidmore ◽  
Winsome R Parnell ◽  
Jyh Eiin Wong ◽  
Alexandra C Lubransky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Principal Components Analysis ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Online Lifestyle

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness and dietary patterns in adolescents.DesignFood choice was assessed using the validated New Zealand Adolescent FFQ. Principal components analysis was used to determine dietary patterns. Trained research assistants measured participants’ height and body mass. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed in a subset of participants using the multistage 20 m shuttle run. The level and stage were recorded, and the corresponding VO2max was calculated. Differences in mean VO2max according to sex and BMI were assessed using t tests, while associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and dietary patterns were examined using linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, school attended, socio-economic deprivation and BMI.SettingSecondary schools in Otago, New Zealand.SubjectsStudents (n 279) aged 14–18 years who completed an online lifestyle survey during a class period.ResultsPrincipal components analysis produced three dietary patterns: ‘Treat Foods’, ‘Fruits and Vegetables’ and ‘Basic Foods’. The 279 participants who provided questionnaire data and completed cardiorespiratory fitness testing had a mean age of 15·7 (sd 0·9) years. Mean VO2max was 45·8 (sd 6·9) ml/kg per min. The ‘Fruits and Vegetables’ pattern was positively associated with VO2max in the total sample (β=0·04; 95 %CI 0·02, 0·07), girls (β=0·06; 95 % CI 0·03, 0·10) and boys (β=0·03; 95 % CI 0·01, 0·05).ConclusionsThese results indicate that increase in cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with a healthier dietary pattern, suggesting both should be targeted as part of a global lifestyle approach. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm this association in relation to health outcomes in New Zealand adolescents.

The relation of healthy and Western dietary patterns to the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 365-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Alizadeh ◽  
Kurosh Djafarian ◽  
Mohammad Alizadeh ◽  
Sakineh Shab-Bidar
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Adjusted Risk ◽  
Western Dietary Pattern ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

Abstract. Dietary patterns have been used to explore the association between dietary factors and risk of endometrial (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC); however, the results are inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze these associations. Methods: Pertinent studies published prior to March 2016 were systematically searched. The common dietary patterns were selected and adjusted risk estimates were derived by comparing the highest with the lowest categories of dietary pattern scores. Results: A total of 8 studies, 5 for endometrial cancer (1 cohort and 4 case-control studies including 2617 cases and 78082 participants/controls) and 3 for ovarian cancer (1 cohort and 2 case-control studies with 2025 cases and 101482 participants/controls) were included in this meta-analysis. A lower risk of EC was shown for the highest compared with the lowest category of the healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72–0.98; P for heterogeneity = 0.10), whereas the Western dietary pattern was related to the higher risk of EC (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01–1.41; P for heterogeneity = 0.35). No significant relationship was found between the healthy dietary pattern (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.69–1.53; P for heterogeneity = 0.01) and OC, while, adherence to the western pattern was associated with a 73% higher risk of OC (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.08–2.37; P for heterogeneity = 0.06). Conclusion: A Western dietary pattern might be associated with a higher risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer.

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