Plasma adiponectin concentration in healthy pre- and postmenopausal women: relationship with body composition, bone mineral, and metabolic variables

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. E42-E47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Toivo Jürimäe
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adiponectin Concentration ◽  
Plasma Adiponectin ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index

The aim of the current investigation was to determine the possible relationships of fasting adiponectin level with body composition, bone mineral, insulin sensitivity, leptin, and cardiorespiratory fitness parameters in 153 women. Subjects were classified as premenopausal ( n = 42; 40.8 ± 5.7 yr) if they had regular menstrual periods, early postmenopausal ( n = 49; 56.7 ± 3.6 yr) if they had been postmenopausal for more than >1 yr but <7 yr (5.5 ± 1.3 yr), and postmenopausal ( n = 62; 72.2 ± 4.5 yr) if they had been postmenopausal for >7 yr. All women studied had a body mass index (BMI) <30 kg/m2. Adiponectin values were higher ( P < 0.05) in middle-aged (12.0 ± 5.1 μg/ml) and older (15.3 ± 7.3 μg/ml) postmenopausal women compared with middle-aged premenopausal women (8.4 ± 3.2 μg/ml). Mean plasma adiponectin concentration in the total group of women ( n = 153) was 12.2 ± 6.3 μg/ml and was positively related ( P < 0.05) to age, indexes of overall obesity (BMI, body fat mass), and cardiorespiratory fitness (PWC) values. In addition, a negative association ( P < 0.05) between adiponectin with central obesity (waist-to-hip and waist-to-thigh ratio), fat-free mass, bone mineral (bone mineral content, total and lumbar spine bone mineral density), and leptin and insulin resistance (insulin, fasting insulin resistance index) values was observed. However, multivariate regression analysis revealed that only age, fasting insulin resistance index, and leptin were independent predictors of adiponectin concentration. In conclusion, circulating adiponectin concentrations increase with age in normal-weight middle-aged and older women. It appears that adiponectin is independently related to age, leptin, and insulin resistance values in women across the age span and menstrual status.

scholarly journals Relationship between insulin sensitivity and menstrual cycle is modified by BMI, fitness and physical activity in NHANES

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirstin A MacGregor ◽  
Iain J Gallagher ◽  
Colin N Moran
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Category Membership ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context There is evidence demonstrating variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle. However, to date, research has yielded inconsistent results. Objective This study investigated variation in insulin sensitivity across the menstrual cycle and associations with BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. Design Data from 1906 premenopausal women in NHANES cycles 1999-2006 were analysed. Main outcome measures Menstrual cycle day was assessed using questionnaire responses recording days since last period. Rhythmic variation of plasma glucose, triglyceride and insulin, homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adipose tissue insulin resistance index (ADIPO-IR) across the menstrual cycle were analysed using cosinor rhythmometry. Participants were assigned low or high categories of BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness and category membership included in cosinor models as covariates. Results Rhythmicity was demonstrated by a significant cosine fit for glucose (p= 0.014) but not triglyceride (p= 0.369), insulin (p= 0.470), HOMA-IR (p=0.461) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.335). When covariates were included, rhythmicity was observed when adjusting for: 1. BMI: glucose (p&lt; 0.001), triglyceride (p&lt; 0.001), insulin (p&lt; 0.001), HOMA-IR (p&lt; 0.001) and ADIPO-IR (p&lt; 0.001); 2. Physical activity: glucose (p&lt; 0.001), triglyceride (p= 0.006) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.038); 3. Cardiorespiratory fitness: triglyceride (p= 0.041), insulin (p= 0.002), HOMA-IR (p= 0.004) and ADIPO-IR (p= 0.004). Triglyceride amplitude, but not acrophase, was greater in the high physical activity category compared to low (p=0.018). Conclusions Rhythmicity in insulin sensitivity and associated metabolites across the menstrual cycle are modified by BMI, physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness.

scholarly journals One year of GH replacement therapy with a fixed low-dose regimen improves body composition, bone mineral density and lipid profile of GH-deficient adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar L Boguszewski ◽  
Ludimyla H F Meister ◽  
Daniele C T Zaninelli ◽  
Rosana B Radominski
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Igf I ◽  
One Year

Objective: We have studied the effects on body composition and metabolism of a fixed low dose of growth hormone (GH), 0.6 IU (0.2 mg)/day, administered for 12 months to GH-deficient (GHD) adults. Design and methods: Prospective open-label study, using 18 GHD patients (11 women, 7 men; aged 21–58 years). All investigations were performed at baseline and after 12 months. Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results: Total body fat decreased (−1.74±2.87%) and lean body mass (LBM) increased (1.27±2.08 kg) after therapy (P < 0.05). Changes in truncal fat did not reach statistical significance, but a decrease varying from 0.72 to 2.78 kg (1 to 8.7%) was observed in 13 (72%) patients. Bone mineral density (BMD) increased at lumbar spine, total femur and femoral neck (P < 0.05). Levels of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol were lower after therapy (P < 0.05), and their changes were directly associated with values at baseline. Insulin levels increased and the insulin resistance index worsened at 12 months (P < 0.05). Median IGF-I s.d. score was −4.30 (range, −11.03 to −0.11) at baseline and −1.73 (range, −9.80 to 2.26) at 12 months. Normal age-adjusted IGF-I levels were obtained with therapy in 5 of 11 patients who had low IGF-I levels at baseline. Changes in IGF-I levels were not correlated with any biological end point, except changes in LBM (r = 0.53, P = 0.02). Side effects were mild and disappeared spontaneously. Conclusions: One-year of a fixed low-dose GH regimen in GHD adults resulted in a significant reduction in body fat, total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and a significant increase in LBM and BMD at lumbar spine and femur, regardless of normalization of IGF-I levels. This regimen led to an elevation of insulin levels and a worsening of the insulin resistance index.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hypoxia and Work Intensity on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes

2012 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mackenzie ◽  
B. Elliott ◽  
N. Maxwell ◽  
G. Brickley ◽  
P. Watt
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetics

Context: Hypoxia and muscle contraction stimulate glucose transport in vitro. We have previously demonstrated that exercise and hypoxia have an additive effect on insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics. Objectives: Our objective was to examine the effects of three different hypoxic/exercise (Hy Ex) trials on glucose metabolism and insulin resistance in the 48 h after acute hypoxia in type 2 diabetics. Design, Participants, and Interventions: Eight male type 2 diabetics completed 60 min of hypoxic [mean (sem) O2 = ∼14.7 (0.2)%] exercise at 90% of lactate threshold [Hy Ex60; 49 (1) W]. Patients completed an additional two hypoxic trials of equal work, lasting 40 min [Hy Ex40; 70 (1) W] and 20 min [Hy Ex20; 140 (12) W]. Main Outcome Measures: Glucose rate of appearance and rate of disappearance were determined using the one-compartment minimal model. Homeostasis models of insulin resistance (HOMAIR), fasting insulin resistance index and β-cell function (HOMAβ-cell) were calculated at 24 and 48 h after trials. Results: Peak glucose rate of appearance was highest during Hy Ex20 [8.89 (0.56) mg/kg · min, P &lt; 0.05]. HOMAIR and fasting insulin resistance index were improved in the 24 and 48 h after Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40 (P &lt; 0.05). HOMAIR decreased 24 h after Hy Ex20 (P &lt; 0.05) and returned to baseline values at 48 h. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity exercise in hypoxia (Hy Ex60 and Hy Ex40) stimulates acute- and moderate-term improvements in insulin sensitivity that were less apparent in Hy Ex20. Results suggest that exercise duration and not total work completed has a greater influence on acute and moderate-term glucose control in type 2 diabetics.

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