Exercise facilities and the prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the city of Madrid

Abstract Aims/hypothesis We aimed to study the association between the availability of exercise facilities and the likelihood of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the adult population of Madrid, Spain. Methods We analysed the electronic medical records of all 1,270,512 residents of Madrid aged 40–75 years in 2017. Exercise facility availability was defined as the count of exercise facilities in a 1000 m street network buffer around each residential building entrance. Poisson regression with standard errors clustered at census tract level was used to assess prevalence ratios of exercise facility availability tertiles and obesity and type 2 diabetes. We also examined stratified results by tertiles of area-level socioeconomic status (SES) and sex. Results People living in areas with lower availability of exercise facilities had a higher prevalence of obesity (prevalence ratio [PR] 1.22 [95% CI 1.20, 1.25]) and diabetes (PR 1.38 [95% CI 1.34, 1.43]). We observed effect modification by area-level SES (p<0.001), with stronger associations for residents living in low-SES areas and no association for residents living in high-SES areas. Associations with type 2 diabetes were stronger among women compared with men, while associations with obesity were similar by sex. Conclusions/interpretation People living in areas with low availability of exercise facilities had a higher prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, and this association was strongest in low-SES areas and for women. Understanding the potential role of exercise facilities in driving inequities in obesity and type 2 diabetes prevalence may inform interventions to reduce health inequities. Graphical abstract

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Spatial Analysis of Incidence of Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association With Obesity and Physical Inactivity

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2021.755575 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jinrong Wu ◽

Yang Wang ◽

Xin Xiao ◽

Xianwen Shang ◽

Mingguang He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Physical Inactivity ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity

ObjectivesTo investigate the spatial distribution of 10-year incidence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with obesity and physical inactivity at a reginal level breakdown.MethodsDemographic, behavioral, medical and pharmaceutical and diagnosed T2DM incidence data were collected from a cohort of 232,064 participants who were free of diabetes at enrolment in the 45 and Up Study, conducted in the state of New South Wales (NSW), Australia. We examined the geographical trend and correlation between obesity prevalence, physical inactivity rate and age-and-gender-adjusted cumulative incidence of T2DM, aggregated based on geographical regions.ResultThe T2DM incidence, prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity rate at baseline were 6.32%, 20.24%, and 18.7%, respectively. The spatial variation of T2DM incidence was significant (Moran’s I=0.52; p<0.01), with the lowest incidence of 2.76% in Richmond Valley-Coastal and the highest of 12.27% in Mount Druitt. T2DM incidence was significantly correlated with the prevalence of obesity (Spearman r=0.62, p<0.001), percentage of participants having five sessions of physical activities or less per week (r=0.79, p<0.001) and percentage of participants walked to work (r=-0.44, p<0.001). The geographical variations in obesity prevalence and physical inactivity rate resembled the geographical variation in the incidence of T2DM.ConclusionThe spatial distribution of T2DM incidence is significantly associated with the geographical prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity rate. Regional campaigns advocating the importance of physical activities in response to the alarming T2DM epidemic should be promoted.

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The Role of Organelle Stresses in Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity: Implication for Treatment

Analytical Cellular Pathology ◽

10.1155/2015/972891 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yi-Cheng Chang ◽

Siow-Wey Hee ◽

Meng-Lun Hsieh ◽

Yung-Ming Jeng ◽

Lee-Ming Chuang

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Beta Cell ◽

Pancreatic Beta Cell ◽

White Adipocyte ◽

Prevalence Of Obesity ◽

Excessive Nutrients ◽

Ros Scavengers ◽

Stress Signaling Pathway

The type 2 diabetes pandemic in recent decades is a huge global health threat. This pandemic is primarily attributed to the surplus of nutrients and the increased prevalence of obesity worldwide. In contrast, calorie restriction and weight reduction can drastically prevent type 2 diabetes, indicating a central role of nutrient excess in the development of diabetes. Recently, the molecular links between excessive nutrients, organelle stress, and development of metabolic disease have been extensively studied. Specifically, excessive nutrients trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress and increase the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, leading to activation of stress signaling pathway, inflammatory response, lipogenesis, and pancreatic beta-cell death. Autophagy is required for clearance of hepatic lipid clearance, alleviation of pancreatic beta-cell stress, and white adipocyte differentiation. ROS scavengers, chemical chaperones, and autophagy activators have demonstrated promising effects for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes in preclinical models. Further results from clinical trials are eagerly awaited.

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