scholarly journals Honest, Open, Proud to support disclosure decisions and to decrease stigma’s impact among people with mental illness: conceptual review and meta-analysis of program efficacy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Rüsch ◽  
Markus Kösters
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Disclosure Decisions ◽  
Program Efficacy

Abstract Purpose Honest, Open, Proud (HOP; formerly “Coming Out Proud”/COP) is a peer-led group program to support people with mental illness in their disclosure decisions and in their coping with stigma. The aims of this study were to provide (i) a conceptual review of HOP, including versions for different target groups and issues related to outcome measurement and implementation; and (ii) a meta-analysis of program efficacy. Methods Conceptual and empirical literature on disclosure and the HOP program was reviewed. Controlled trials of HOP/COP were searched in literature databases. A meta-analysis of HOP efficacy in terms of key outcomes was conducted. Results HOP program adaptations for different target groups (e.g. parents of children with mental illness; veterans or active soldiers with mental illness) exist and await evaluation. Recruitment for trials and program implementation may be challenging. A meta-analysis of five HOP RCTs for adults or adolescents with mental illness or adult survivors of suicide attempts found significant positive effects on stigma stress (smd = − 0.50) as well as smaller, statistically non-significant effects on self-stigma (smd = − 0.17) and depression (smd = − 0.11) at the end of the HOP program. At 3- to 4-week follow-up, there was a modest, not statistically significant effect on stigma stress (smd = − 0.40, 95%-CI -0.83 to 0.04), while effects for self-stigma were small and significant (smd = − 0.24). Long-term effects of the HOP program are unknown. Conclusion There is initial evidence that HOP effectively supports people with mental illness in their disclosure decisions and in their coping with stigma. Implementation issues, future developments and public health implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Coming Out Proud to reduce stigma's impact among people with mental illness: pilot randomised controlled trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Rüsch ◽  
Elvira Abbruzzese ◽  
Eva Hagedorn ◽  
Daniel Hartenhauer ◽  
Ilias Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Pilot Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Randomised Controlled

BackgroundFacing frequent stigma and discrimination, many people with mental illness have to choose between secrecy and disclosure in different settings. Coming Out Proud (COP), a 3-week peer-led group intervention, offers support in this domain in order to reduce stigma's negative impact.AimsTo examine COP's efficacy to reduce negative stigma-related outcomes and to promote adaptive coping styles (Current Controlled Trials number: ISRCTN43516734).MethodIn a pilot randomised controlled trial, 100 participants with mental illness were assigned to COP or a treatment-as-usual control condition. Outcomes included self-stigma, empowerment, stigma stress, secrecy and perceived benefits of disclosure.ResultsIntention-to-treat analyses found no effect of COP on self-stigma or empowerment, but positive effects on stigma stress, disclosure-related distress, secrecy and perceived benefits of disclosure. Some effects diminished during the 3-week follow-up period.ConclusionsComing Out Proud has immediate positive effects on disclosure- and stigma stress-related variables and may thus alleviate stigma's negative impact.

scholarly journals Public attitudes towards people with mental illness in England and Scotland, 1994–2003

2009 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Mehta ◽  
Aliya Kassam ◽  
Morven Leese ◽  
Georgia Butler ◽  
Graham Thornicroft
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Health Attitudes ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Quota Sampling

BackgroundUnderstanding trends in public attitudes towards people with mental illness informs the assessment of ongoing severity of stigma and evaluation of anti-stigma campaigns.AimsTo analyse trends in public attitudes towards people with mental illness in England and Scotland using Department of Health Attitudes to Mental Illness Surveys, 1994–2003.MethodWe analysed trends in attitudes for 2000 respondents in each survey year (6000 respondents in 1996 and 1997) using quota sampling methods and the adapted Community Attitudes Toward the Mentally Ill scale.ResultsComparing 2000 and 2003, there was significant deterioration for 17/25 items in England and for 4/25 items in Scotland. Neither country showed significant improvements in items between 2000 and 2003.ConclusionsPublic attitudes towards people with mental illness in England and Scotland became less positive during 1994–2003, especially in 2000–2003, and to a greater extent in England. The results are consistent with early positive effects for the ‘see me’ anti-stigma campaign in Scotland.

Motivational Interviewing–Based Compliance/Adherence Therapy Interventions to Improve Psychiatric Symptoms of People With Severe Mental Illness: Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Choochart Wong-Anuchit ◽  
Chutima Chantamit-o-pas ◽  
Joanne Kraenzle Schneider ◽  
Andrew C. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Motivational Interviewing ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Outcome Measurement ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Moderate Effect Size ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Adherence Therapy

BACKGROUND: Nonadherence is the leading cause of relapse in mental illness. No quantitative synthesis of multiple studies has been conducted to determine the effect of motivational interviewing (MI)–based compliance/adherence therapy (CAT) interventions on people with severe mental illness. OBJECTIVE: To synthesize the studies that examined the effectiveness of MI-based CAT interventions to improve psychiatric symptoms. DESIGN: Quantitative meta-analysis. RESULTS: Sixteen primary studies were retrieved ( N =1267 participants). MI-based CAT interventions significantly improved psychiatric symptoms with a moderate effect size (ES) of .45. Longer sessions and higher intervention doses showed significantly greater ESs than shorter sessions and lower doses. ESs were significantly lower when participants were older and when there was a longer period between the intervention and outcome measurement. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the effectiveness of MI-based CAT interventions. Session length and dose effect should be considered when tailoring MI to clients.

The Competitive Effects of School Choice on Student Achievement: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 089590481987475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huriya Jabbar ◽  
Carlton J. Fong ◽  
Emily Germain ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Joanna Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Student Achievement ◽  
School Choice ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
School Competition ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
State And Local

School-choice policies are expected to generate healthy competition between schools, leading to improvements in school quality and better outcomes for students. However, the empirical literature testing this assumption yields mixed findings. This systematic review and meta-analysis tests this theory by synthesizing the empirical literature on the competitive effects of school choice on student achievement. Overall, we found small positive effects of competition on student achievement. We also found some evidence that the type of school-choice policy and student demographics moderated the effects of competition on student achievement. By examining whether school competition improves outcomes, our findings can inform decisions of state and local policymakers who have adopted or are considering adopting school-choice reforms.

Innovative Technology-Based Interventions to Reduce Stigma Toward People With Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías E. Rodríguez-Rivas ◽  
Adolfo J. Cangas ◽  
Laura A. Cariola ◽  
Jorge J. Varela ◽  
Sara Valdebenito
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medium Effect ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
People With Mental Illness

BACKGROUND Stigma towards people with mental illness presents serious consequences for the affected individuals, such as social exclusion and increased difficulties in the recovery process. Recently, several interventions have been developed to mitigate public stigma, based on the use of innovative technologies, such as virtual reality and video games. OBJECTIVE To systematically review, synthesize, measure, and critically discuss experimental studies that measure the effect of technological interventions and on stigmatization levels. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on PRISMA guidelines, and included studies in English and Spanish published during the years 2016 and 2021. Searches were run in five different databases (i.e., Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Science Direct). Only randomized controlled trials were included. Two independent reviewers determined the eligibility, extracted data, and rated methodological quality of the studies. Meta-analyses were performed using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. RESULTS Based on the 1,158 articles screened, 72 articles were evaluated as full text, of which 9 articles were included in the qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A diversity of interventions was observed, including video games, audiovisual simulation of hallucinations, virtual reality, and electronic contact with mental health services users. The meta-analysis (n= 1,832 participants) demonstrated that these interventions had a consistent medium effect on reducing the level of public stigma (d=–0.64 95% CI 0.31-0.96; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS Innovative interventions involving the use of technologies are an effective tool in stigma reduction, therefore new challenges are proposed and discussed for the demonstration of their adaptability to different contexts and countries, thus leading to their massification.

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