scholarly journals Frailty and invasive mechanical ventilation: association with outcomes, extubation failure, and tracheostomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1742-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon M. Fernando ◽  
Daniel I. McIsaac ◽  
Bram Rochwerg ◽  
Sean M. Bagshaw ◽  
John Muscedere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Extubation Failure

scholarly journals Avaliação Ecográfica da Disfunção Diafragmática Induzida pelo Ventilador em Idade Pediátrica

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Dionisio ◽  
Armanda Rebelo ◽  
Carla Pinto ◽  
Leonor Carvalho ◽  
José Farela Neves
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Pressure Support ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Extubation Failure ◽  
Volume Control ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Thickness Variation ◽  
Diaphragmatic Dysfunction

Introduction: Invasive mechanical ventilation contributes to ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction, delaying extubation and increasing mortality in adults. Despite the possibility of having a higher impact in paediatrics, this dysfunction is not routinely monitored. Diaphragm ultrasound has been proposed as a safe and non-invasive technique for this purpose. The aim of this study was to describe the evolution of diaphragmatic morphology and functional measurements by ultrasound in ventilated children.Material and Methods: Prospective exploratory study. Children admitted to Paediatric Intensive Care Unit requiring mechanical ventilation > 48 hours were included. The diaphragmatic thickness, excursion and the thickening fraction were assessed by ultrasound.Results: Seventeen cases were included, with a median age of 42 months. Ten were male, seven had comorbidities and three in seventeen had malnutrition at admission. The median time under mechanical ventilation was seven days. The median of the initial and minimum diaphragmatic thickness was 2.3 mm and 1.9 mm, respectively, with a median decrease in thickness of 13% under pressure-regulated volume control. Diaphragmatic atrophy was observed in 14/17 cases. Differences in the median thickness variation were found between patients with sepsis and without (0.70 vs 0.25 mm; p = 0.019). During pressure support ventilation there was a tendency to increase diaphragmatic thickness and excursion. Extubation failure occurred for diaphragmatic thickening fraction ≤ 35%.Discussion: Under pressure-regulated volume control there was a tendency for a decrease in diaphragmatic thickness. In the pre-extubation stage under pressure support, there was a tendency for it to increase. These results suggest that, by titrating ventilation using physiological levels of inspiratory effort, we can reduce the diaphragmatic morphological changes associated with ventilation.Conclusion: The early recognition of diaphragmatic changes may encourage a targeted approach, namely titration of ventilation, in order to reduce ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction and its clinical repercussions.

scholarly journals The effect of the physiological reserve surrogate characteristics on non-airway extubation failure in patients with pneumonia with high Burns wean assessment program scores

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Extubation Failure ◽  
Airway Extubation ◽  
Assessment Program ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Successful Weaning ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physiological Reserve ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Objectives: A successful weaning prediction score could be a useful tool to predict non-airway extubation failure. However, it may carry some challenges without considering the effect of the physiological reserve on the sustainability of extubation. This study investigated the possible correlation between the physiological reserve surrogate characteristics including acute, baseline, and biochemical patients’ factors and non-airway extubation failure in patients with pneumonia. Methods: A retrospective cohort study at two academic teaching hospitals was conducted between January 2019 and January 2020 with patients with pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and with Burns Wean Assessment Program (BWAP) scores equal to or exceeding 50. Acute clinical, biochemical, and baseline characteristics were collected for both successful and failed non-airway extubation patients. Results: Among 313 patients, the mean age was 63.63 ± 10.44 years and most of the patients were males (60.7%). The median invasive mechanical duration was 7 days [Interquartile range (IQR): 5–12], the median length of ICU stay was 12 [IQR: 6–23] and the in-hospital mortality was 16.9%. Among this cohort of patients with pneumonia, 37.7% had non-airway extubation failure. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that higher CURB-65 score, longer duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic instability, healthcare-associated pneumonia, older men, history of diabetes mellitus, history of cardiac disease, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, and higher admission serum sodium were associated with increased risk of non-airway extubation failure in patients with pneumonia with high BWAP score. Conclusion: A distinct successful weaning score for patients with pneumonia that considers patients’ acute clinical, biochemical, and baseline characteristics may be effective, and these factors could be reflective of the underlying physiological reserve. Sustainability score from IMV rather than weaning score is needed and may be more predictive for the extubation outcome.

scholarly journals Preditores de mortalidade em pacientes ventilados mecanicamente: revisão integrativa

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Suelayne Gomes Couto ◽  
Paula Elaine Diniz Dos Reis ◽  
Priscilla Roberta Silva Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Extubation Failure ◽  
Ventilator Weaning ◽  
Mechanical Ventilator ◽  
Ventilation Method ◽  
Respiration Artificial

Aim: To identify, by means of scientific evidence, the predictive factors of mortality in patients using Invasive Mechanical Ventilation. Method: Integrative literature review. The search was performed in Pubmed, Cochrane and Web of Science databases, using the descriptors: “humans”, “respiration”, “artificial”, “mechanical ventilation”, “ventilator weaning”, “mechanical ventilator weaning", "Mortality" and "hospital mortality", mediated by the Boolean operators AND and OR. Results: Twenty-six articles were selected. The analysis of these articles allowed a discussion directed to the identification of predictors of mortality, classified in clinical and ventilatory predictors; and the main changes in ventilation during the years. Of the 26 articles found, 96% were published in English, 92% were observational studies, 4% were meta-analyzes and 4% were clinical trials. Conclusion: Prolonged weaning, extubation failure and reintubation were the main predictors identified by the studies analyzed.

scholarly journals Weaning indexes do not predict success with non invasive mechanical ventilation in extubation failure

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Torres ◽  
L Delgado ◽  
E Monares ◽  
A Sanchez-Calzada ◽  
R Gastelum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Extubation Failure ◽  
Non Invasive

An Integrative Index for Predicting Extubation Outcomes After Successful Completion of a Spontaneous Breathing Trial in an Adult Medical Intensive Care Unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 640-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsung-Ju Wu ◽  
Judith Shu-Chu Shiao ◽  
Hsin-Liang Yu ◽  
Ruay-Sheng Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing Trial ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Extubation Failure ◽  
Rapid Shallow Breathing Index ◽  
Medical Intensive Care

Background: Among respiratory predictors, rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) has been a commonly used respiratory parameter to predict extubation outcomes. However, the outcome of prediction remains inconsistent. Regarding nonrespiratory predictors, serum albumin, hemoglobin, bicarbonate, and patients’ alertness have been reported to be associated with successful weaning or extubation. We aimed to develop an integrative index combining commonly used predictors in the adult medical intensive care units (MICUs) and to compare the predictability of the index with RSBI. Methods: This prospective observational study with retrospective data collection of planned extubations was conducted in a 14-bed adult MICU. We enrolled patients who received mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube in the adult MICU for >24 hours and passed a 2-hour spontaneous breathing trial and underwent extubation. Extubation failure was defined as reinstitution of invasive mechanical ventilation within 48 hours of extubation. Respiratory parameters and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of patients were recorded prospectively. Nonrespiratory parameters were recorded retrospectively. Logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of extubation outcomes. Results: Fifty-nine patients comprising 70 extubations were enrolled. Extubation failure was significantly and positively associated with lower serum albumin (albumin < 2.6 g/dL, odds ratio [OR] = 5.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-24.66), lower hemoglobin (hemoglobin < 10.0 g/dL, OR = 10.8; 95% CI, 2.00-58.04), and lower GCS scores (GCS score ≤ 8, OR = 6.1; 95% CI = 1.15-32.34). By using an integrative index combining the 3 parameters together, the sensitivity and specificity to predict extubation outcomes were 78.6% and 75.9%, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the index was significantly higher than RSBI (0.84 vs 0.61, P = .026). Conclusion: The integrative index combining serum albumin, hemoglobin, and GCS scores could predict extubation outcomes better than RSBI in an adult MICU.

Ambulatory care of non-invasive mechanical ventilation in COPD patients with global decompensated respiratory acidosis

Pneumologie ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S1-S125
Author(s):  
EJ Soto Hurtado ◽  
P Gutiérrez Castaño ◽  
JJ Torres ◽  
MD Jiménez Fernández ◽  
M Pérez Soriano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Ambulatory Care ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Copd Patients

scholarly journals Respiratory mechanics and gas exchanges in the early course of COVID-19 ARDS: a hypothesis-generating study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-L. Diehl ◽  
N. Peron ◽  
R. Chocron ◽  
B. Debuc ◽  
E. Guerot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Dead Space ◽  
Respiratory Mechanics ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
High Peep ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Physiological Dead Space

Abstract Rationale COVID-19 ARDS could differ from typical forms of the syndrome. Objective Pulmonary microvascular injury and thrombosis are increasingly reported as constitutive features of COVID-19 respiratory failure. Our aim was to study pulmonary mechanics and gas exchanges in COVID-2019 ARDS patients studied early after initiating protective invasive mechanical ventilation, seeking after corresponding pathophysiological and biological characteristics. Methods Between March 22 and March 30, 2020 respiratory mechanics, gas exchanges, circulating endothelial cells (CEC) as markers of endothelial damage, and D-dimers were studied in 22 moderate-to-severe COVID-19 ARDS patients, 1 [1–4] day after intubation (median [IQR]). Measurements and main results Thirteen moderate and 9 severe COVID-19 ARDS patients were studied after initiation of high PEEP protective mechanical ventilation. We observed moderately decreased respiratory system compliance: 39.5 [33.1–44.7] mL/cmH2O and end-expiratory lung volume: 2100 [1721–2434] mL. Gas exchanges were characterized by hypercapnia 55 [44–62] mmHg, high physiological dead-space (VD/VT): 75 [69–85.5] % and ventilatory ratio (VR): 2.9 [2.2–3.4]. VD/VT and VR were significantly correlated: r2 = 0.24, p = 0.014. No pulmonary embolism was suspected at the time of measurements. CECs and D-dimers were elevated as compared to normal values: 24 [12–46] cells per mL and 1483 [999–2217] ng/mL, respectively. Conclusions We observed early in the course of COVID-19 ARDS high VD/VT in association with biological markers of endothelial damage and thrombosis. High VD/VT can be explained by high PEEP settings and added instrumental dead space, with a possible associated role of COVID-19-triggered pulmonary microvascular endothelial damage and microthrombotic process.

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