circulating endothelial cells
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2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipanjan Bhattacharjee ◽  
Sumantro Mondal ◽  
Ayindrila Saha ◽  
Sanchaita Misra ◽  
Sudipta Chatterjee ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: A comparative analysis of flow-mediated-vasodilation (FMD), vasoactive angiogenic, and fibrogenic mediators between treatment-naive and treated Systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients is an unmet need.Aim and Objective: 1) To assess the FMD and different pathogenic mediators in SSc patients [treatment naïve (Group-I, n=24) on vasodilator (Group-II, n=10), on vasodilator + immunosuppressive (Group-III, n=22)], and in healthy control (HC), n= 20]. To assess the proportion of circulating Endothelial cells in Group-I.Materials and method: FMD was measured in all the participants. Serum levels of NO, ET1, NO/ET1, sVCAM, sICAM, TGFβ, IL-6, VEGF were measured along with the gene expressions of eNOS, iNOS, ET-1, TGFβ. CEC was measured in Group-I and HC. Results: FMD was significantly decreased in all SSc patients though receiving treatment.Upregulation of serum NO and ET concentrations were noted post-treatment with an unaltered NO/ET1 ratio. NO was positively correlated with FMD (r= 0.6), and negatively with TGFβ (r=-0.5). ET-1 showed less correlation with TGFβ (r=-0.5) but no significant correlation with FMD. Circulating endothelial cell (CEC) was significantly higher in Group-I (3.2%) than HC (0.8%) (p = 0.002), and it showed a good correlation with NO (r=-0.7, p=0.0001) and NO/ET1 (r=-0.6,p=0.007).Conclusion: Endothelial dysfunction was seen in SSc patients irrespective of treatment which might be due to the unaltered NO/ET1. NO might be the major driving molecule in the vascular pathophysiology of SSc.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eddie W. Fakhouri ◽  
Jeremy A. Weingarten ◽  
Shailendra P. Singh ◽  
Purvi Shah ◽  
Stephen J. Peterson

Objective. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by intermittent hypoxia, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress and is associated with cardiometabolic disease. Several biological substrates have been associated with OSA such as nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV), endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), and circulating endothelial cells (CEC). Few studies have looked at the association of NOV with OSA while the EPC/CEC relationships with OSA are unclear. In this study, we hypothesize that (1) NOV is associated with the severity of OSA independent of BMI, identifying a protein that may play a role in the biogenesis of OSA complications, and (2) EPCs and CECs are also associated with the severity of OSA and are biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction in OSA. Methods. 61 subjects underwent overnight polysomnography (PSG), clinical evaluation, and blood analysis for NOV, EPC, CEC, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and other potential biomarkers. Results. NOV and EPCs were independently associated with the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) after adjusting for potential confounders including body mass index (BMI), age, and sex (NOV p = 0.032 ; EPC p = 0.001 ). EPC was also independently associated with AHI after adjusting for BMI, age, and sex ( p = 0.017 ). IL-6 was independently associated with AHI, but not with ODI. Conclusion. NOV and EPC levels correlate with the degree of OSA independent of BMI, indicating that these biomarkers could potentially further elucidate the relationship between OSA patients and their risk of the subsequent development of cardiovascular disease.


BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás Merino ◽  
Mauricio P. Pinto ◽  
María Paz Orellana ◽  
Gonzalo Martinez ◽  
Marcelo Andía ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Today, cancer ranks as one of the leading causes of death. Despite the large number of novel available therapies, radiotherapy (RT) remains as the most effective non-surgical method to cure cancer patients. In fact, approximately 50% of all cancer patients receive some type of RT and among these 60% receive RT-treatment with a curative intent. However, as occurs with any other oncological therapy, RT treated patients may experience toxicity side effects that range from moderate to severe. Among these, cardiotoxicity represents a significant threat for premature death. Current methods evaluate cardiotoxic damage based on volumetric changes in the Left Ventricle Ejected Fraction (LVEF). Indeed, a 10% drop in LVEF is commonly used as indicator of cardiotoxicity. More recently, a number of novel techniques have been developed that significantly improve specificity and sensitivity of heart’s volumetric changes and early detection of cardiotoxicity even in asymptomatic patients. Among these, the Strain by Speckle Tracking (SST) is a technique based on echocardiographic analysis that accurately evaluates myocardial deformation during the cardiac cycle (ventricular and atrial function). Studies also suggest that Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a high-resolution technique that enables a better visualization of acute cardiac damage. Methodology This protocol will evaluate changes in SST and MRI in cancer patients that received thoracic RT. Concomitantly, we will assess changes in serum biomarkers of cardiac damage in these patients, including: high-sensitivity cardiac Troponin-T (hscTnT), N-Terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NTproBNP) and Circulating Endothelial Cells (CECs), a marker of endothelial dysfunction and vascular damage. Discussion The presented protocol is to our knowledge the first to prospectively and with a multimodal approach, study serological and image biomarkers off early cardiac damage due to radiotherapy. With a practical clinical approach we will seek early changes that could potentially be in the future be linked to clinical mayor events with consequences for cancer survivors.


2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. S440-S441
Author(s):  
LQ Silva ◽  
AS Justo-Junior ◽  
SAL Montalvão ◽  
R Medina ◽  
JM Annichino-Bizzacchi

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caitlin E. M. Vink ◽  
Tim P. van de Hoef ◽  
M. J. W. Götte ◽  
E. C. Eringa ◽  
Yolande Appelman

Background: Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is part of the ischemic heart disease spectrum, and is particularly observed in women. INOCA has various mechanisms, such as coronary vasospasm and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). A decreased coronary flow reserve (CFR) and-or increased myocardial resistance (MR) are commonly used to diagnose CMD. However, CFR and MR do not describe all pathophysiological mechanisms underlying CMD. Increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) normally increases myocardial blood volume (MBV), independently from myocardial blood flow (MBF). In addition insulin enhances MBV in healthy skeletal muscle, and this effect is impaired in INOCA-related conditions such as diabetes and obesity. Therefore, we propose that MBV is reduced in INOCA patients.Aim: To assess whether myocardial blood volume (MBV) is decreased in INOCA patients, at baseline, during hyperinsulinemia and during stress.Design: The MICORDIS-study is a single-center observational cross-sectional cohort study (identifier NTR7515). The primary outcome is MBV, compared between INOCA patients and matched healthy controls. The patient group will undergo coronary function testing using a Doppler guidewire, intracoronary adenosine and acetylcholine to measure CFR and coronary vasospasm. Both the patient- and the control group will undergo myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) to determine MBV at baseline, during hyperinsulinemia and during stress. Subsequently, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) will be evaluated as a new and noninvasive diagnostic tool for CMD in INOCA patients. Microvascular endothelial function is a determinant of MBV and will be evaluated by non-invasive microvascular function testing using EndoPAT and by measuring NO production in circulating endothelial cells (ECFCs).


Placenta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. e85
Author(s):  
Dorotheah Obiri ◽  
Daniel Oduro ◽  
Isaac Joe Erskine ◽  
John Tetteh ◽  
Thomas Addison ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 219-227
Author(s):  
Yu. Bilooka ◽  
O. Fediv ◽  
H. Stupnytska ◽  
V. Bilookyi ◽  
O. Bilookyi ◽  
...  

The article contains the analysis of results concerning investigation of adipocytokines content and endothelial dysfunction in 97 patients with irritable bowel syndrome associated with obesity. The blood serum was examined for the content of adipocytokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin), stable nitrogen monoxide metabolites (nitrites/nitrates), endothelin-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), and the number of circulating endothelial cells (CEC).  Patients with IBS associated with obesity and prevailing diarrhea are found to develop a prominent imbalance of adipocytokines which is manifested in high levels of leptin and resisin and low level of adiponectin in the blood serum. Endothelial dysfunction evidenced by a high level of endothelin-1, the number of circulating endothelial cells, general NO and intercellular adhesion molecules 1, is characteristic for patients with IBS associated with obesity and prevailing diarrhea.


Author(s):  
Arthur Melkumyants ◽  
Ludmila Buryachkovskaya ◽  
Nikita Lomakin ◽  
Olga Antonova ◽  
Victor Serebruany

Abstract Background Current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic reveals thrombotic, vascular, and endothelial dysfunctions at peak disease. However, the duration, degree of damage, and appropriate long-term use of antithrombotic strategies are unclear. Most COVID data are yielded from random clinical observations or autopsy of postmortem samples, while precise blood cellular data in survivors are insufficient. Methods We analyzed erythrocytes, circulating endothelial cells, and echinocytes by electron microscopy and flow cytometry in patients with confirmed COVID-19 (n = 31) and matched healthy controls (n = 32) on admission and at hospital discharge. Results All patients experienced mild disease, none required pulmonary support, and all survived. Admission number of circulating endothelial cells was significantly (40–100 times) higher in COVID-19 patients. Cells were massively damaged by multiple fenestrae in membranes with diameter comparable to the size of supercapsid in SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) virus. COVID-19 also provoked formation of stacked aggregated erythrocytes capable of clogging microvascular bed and of diminishing oxygen supply. In some patients, such abnormalities persisted at hospital discharge revealing remaining intracellular penetration of SARS-CoV-2 where it may be replicated and returned to circulation. Conclusion These observational and descriptive data suggest that persistent viral cell injury may cause blood vessel damage; their increased permeability resulted in tissue edema, inflammation, platelet activation, and augmented thrombosis. There is a residual blood cell damage following the acute phase in some COVID-19 survivors. Controlled outcome-driven trials are urgently needed for exploring optimal use of long-term antithrombotics and vascular protection strategies even after mild COVID-19.


Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 677
Author(s):  
Mihnea-Alexandru Găman ◽  
Matei-Alexandru Cozma ◽  
Elena-Codruța Dobrică ◽  
Sanda Maria Crețoiu ◽  
Amelia Maria Găman ◽  
...  

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are rare, clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell in which an uncontrolled proliferation of terminally differentiated myeloid cells is noted. Polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and primary myelofibrosis (PMF) are included in the category of Philadelphia-negative, so-called classical MPNs. The potential applications of liquid biopsy and liquid biopsy-based biomarkers have not been explored in MPNs until now. Thus, a systematic search was computed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library and, in total, 198 potentially relevant papers were detected. Following the removal of duplicates (n = 85), 113 records were screened. After the exclusion of irrelevant manuscripts based on the screening of their titles and abstracts (n = 81), we examined the full texts of 33 manuscripts. Finally, after we applied the exclusion and inclusion criteria, 27 original articles were included in this review. Overall, the data analyzed in this review point out that liquid biopsy and liquid biopsy-based biomarkers (cell-free DNA, extracellular vesicles, microparticles, circulating endothelial cells) could be used in MPNs for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Future research is needed to clarify whether this technique can be employed to differentiate between MPN subtypes and secondary causes of erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis and myelofibrosis, as well as to predict the development of thrombosis.


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