Microscale variation in Aat (aspartate aminotransferase) is supported by activity differences between upper and lower shore allozymes of Littorina saxatilis

2004 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 1157-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Panova ◽  
K. Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Littorina Saxatilis ◽  
Lower Shore

scholarly journals Differences in allele frequencies of Aat between high- and mid-rocky shore populations of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi) suggest selection in this enzyme locus

1989 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Johannesson ◽  
Bo Johannesson
Keyword(s):  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Clinal Variation ◽  
Littorina Saxatilis ◽  
Enzyme Locus ◽  
Geographic Locations ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
Slow Allele

SummarySamples of the intertidal prosobranch Littorina saxatilis were collected along vertical transects from high- to mid-store levels at five different geographic locations of western Europe. Electrophoretic screening of ten metabolic enzymes revealed five highly polymorphic loci. Four of these showed no or few significant differences in allele frequencies between high- and mid-shore samples of Littorina saxatilis. The fifth locus, Aat (aspartate aminotransferase, EC 2.6.1.1), showed clinal variation in allele frequencies over the few metres of each transect, suggesting that this locus, or a coupled locus, is under selection with a slow allele (Aat100) favoured in mid-shore habitats and a faster allele (Aat120) selected for in the high littoral fringe.

The occurrence of a trematode larva in a population of Littorina saxatilis (Olivi)

Parasitology ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 237-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Littorina Saxatilis ◽  
Trematode Infection ◽  
Lower Shore ◽  
The Relationship

1. Annual fluctuations in the percentage of L. saxatilis infected by Cercaria ubiquitoides at Whitstable, Kent, are described.2. Females are consistently more frequently parasitized than males.3. At higher shore stations more L. saxatilis are parasitized than at lower shore stations.4. Possible reasons for the above phenomena are discussed together with the relationship between trematode infection and the reproductive activity of L. saxatilis.

Bergenin Exhibits Hepatoprotective Activity Against Ethanol-Induced Oxidative Stress in ICR Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-302
Author(s):  
Sriset Yollada ◽  
Chatuphonprasert Waranya ◽  
Jarukamjorn Kanokwan
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Hepatic Glutathione

Bergenin is a C-glucoside derivative of gallic acid but its antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects have not previously been compared with gallic acid. Male ICR mice were administered bergenin (10, 50, and 250 mg/kg/day) or gallic acid (100 mg/kg/day) for 7 consecutive days before a single administration of ethanol (5 g/kg). Liver sections were histopathologically examined. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels were determined in plasma. Total glutathione, reduced glutathione, and oxidized glutathione levels were determined in liver homogenates. Ethanol induced hepatic injury with prominent histopathological markers including nuclear pyknosis and necrotic areas and this accorded with increases in the plasma levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde. Moreover, ethanol disturbed hepatic glutathione homeostasis by reducing glutathione stores. Hepatic injury in the ethanol-induced mice was prevented with bergenin and gallic acid by significant decreases in plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, reactive oxygen species, and malondialdehyde levels and restoration of the hepatic glutathione profile through an increase in the reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratio. Bergenin at 10 mg/kg/day showed comparable hepatoprotective activity to gallic acid in an ethanol-induced mouse model of oxidative stress. Therefore, bergenin might be a promising candidate for further development as a novel hepatoprotective product.

Explore the mechanism of Swertia mussotii Franch. for hepatoprotective effects with iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixia Yun ◽  
Xinyu Wu ◽  
Yiwei Ding ◽  
Wendou Xiong ◽  
Xianglan Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Acute Liver Injury ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Ppi Networks ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effects

Background and Objective : A Tibetan traditional herb named Swertia mussotii Franch., also called “Zangyinchen” by the local people of Qinghai-Tibet area, has been used to protect the liver from injury for many years. However, the curative effect and molecular mechanism of the herb have not been demonstrated clearly. Materials and Methods: In our study, serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels were examined after S. mussotii Franch. treatment in the acute liver injury of the carbon tetrachloride-induced rat model. Then, Proteome Analysis was applied to explore the potential mechanism of SMT for hepatoprotective effects after iTRAQLC-MS/MS analysis (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification-liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer with tandem mass spectrometry). Results: Serum results showed, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin levels of rats with acute liver injury were all improved with SMT treatment. Moreover, Proteome Analysis suggested that, with S. Mussotii Franch. treatment, the levels of lipid catabolic process and lipid homeostasis were all enhanced. And the results of protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis illustrated that these proteins assembled in PPI networks were found almost significantly enriched in response to lipid, negative regulation of lipase activity, response to lipopolysaccharide etc. Furthermore, the downregulated MRP14 and MRP8 proteins were found involved in the lipid metabolism, which may indicate the mechanism of SMT protection liver from ALI induced by carbon tetrachloride. Conclusion: SMT herb could play a role in hepatoprotection and alleviate the effect of acute liver injury by impacting the lipid metabolism associated biological process.

scholarly journals Elevated alanine aminotransferase and low aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio are associated with chronic kidney disease among middle-aged women: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirotaka Ochiai ◽  
Takako Shirasawa ◽  
Takahiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Satsue Nagahama ◽  
Akihiro Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to ALT ratio (AST/ALT ratio) have been shown to be related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or insulin resistance, which was associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, it is unclear whether ALT and AST/ALT ratio are associated with CKD. In this study, we examined the relationship of ALT and AST/ALT ratio to CKD among middle-aged females in Japan. Methods The present study included 29,133 women aged 40 to 64 years who had an annual health checkup in Japan during April 2013 to March 2014. Venous blood samples were collected to measure ALT, AST, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), and creatinine levels. In accordance with previous studies, ALT > 40 U/L and GGT > 50 U/L were determined as elevated, AST/ALT ratio < 1 was regarded as low, and CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria. Logistic regression model was used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for CKD. Results “Elevated ALT and elevated GGT” and “elevated ALT and non-elevated GGT” significantly increased the OR for CKD when compared with “non-elevated ALT and non-elevated GGT” (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 2.10–3.12 and OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.81–2.77). Compared with “AST/ALT ratio ≥ 1 and non-elevated GGT”, “AST/ALT ratio < 1 and elevated GGT” and “AST/ALT ratio < 1 and non-elevated GGT” significantly increased the OR for CKD (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 2.36–3.15 and OR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.52–1.87). These findings still remained after adjustment for confounders. Conclusions Elevated ALT was associated with CKD regardless of GGT elevation. Moreover, low AST/ALT ratio was also associated with CKD independent of GGT elevation.

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