A proposed method for approximate estimates of the ion-activity products of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in spot-urine samples or in urine samples collected during less well defined periods of time

Urolithiasis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Göran Tiselius
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
Ion Activity Products

Simplified estimates of ion-activity products of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate in mouse urine

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Göran Tiselius ◽  
Renato Ribeiro Nogueira Ferraz ◽  
Ita Pfeferman Heilberg
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Mouse Urine ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
Ion Activity Products

Solubility and Ion Activity Products of Calcium Phosphate Minerals

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 530-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Jaynes ◽  
P. A. Moore ◽  
D. M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Ion Activity ◽  
Ion Activity Products

Composition of Urine Collected from Non-Stone-Forming Chinese Persons during Different Short-Term Periods of the Day

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Zhican He ◽  
Zhenglin Chang ◽  
Lingyue An ◽  
Min Lei ◽  
Zheng Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Urine Composition ◽  
Normal Men

The purpose of this study in a small group of non-stone-forming Chinese persons was to measure the levels of supersaturation with calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate and pH with the aim of confirming if any of the different short-term urine samples were better for risk evaluation than a 24-h sample. Nine normal men and 1 woman collected urine during 4 periods of the day. Period 1 between 08 and 12 h, Period 2 between 12 and 18 h, Period 3 between 18 and 22 h, and Period 4 between 22 and 08 h. Each sample was analysed for calcium, oxalate, citrate, magnesium and phosphate, and estimates of supersaturation with calcium oxalate (CaOx) and calcium phosphate (CaP) were expressed in terms of AP(CaOx) and AP(CaP) index. An estimate of the solute load of CaOx was also calculated. Urine composition for 24-h urine (Period 24) was obtained mathematically from the analysed variables. Urine composition corresponding to 14-h urine portions 22–12 h (Period 14N) and 08–22 h (Period 14 D) were calculated. The lowest pH levels were recorded in Period 1 urine. The highest level of AP(CaOx) index was recorded during Period 1, and the product AP(CaOx) index × 107 × hydrogen ion concentration was significantly higher in Period 1 urine than in 24-h urine (p = 0.02). Also, the product SL(CaOx) × 107 × hydrogen ion concentration was significantly higher in Period 1 urine (p = 0.02). Low AP (CaP) index levels were recorded in Period 4, but also in all periods following dietary loads of calcium and phosphate. With the important reservation that the analytical results were obtained from non-stone-forming persons, the conclusion is that analysis of urine samples collected between 08 and 12 h might be an alternative to 24-h urine. The risk evaluation might advantageously be expressed either in terms of the product AP(CaOx) index × 107 × hydrogen ion concentration or the product SL(CaOx) × 107 × hydrogen ion concentration.

scholarly journals Short-Term Tolvaptan Increases Water Intake and Effectively Decreases Urinary Calcium Oxalate, Calcium Phosphate and Uric Acid Supersaturations

2016 ◽  
Vol 195 (5) ◽  
pp. 1476-1481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wisit Cheungpasitporn ◽  
Stephen B. Erickson ◽  
Andrew D. Rule ◽  
Felicity Enders ◽  
John C. Lieske
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Urinary Calcium ◽  
Short Term

The Relation between the Concentration of Calcium Salts in the Urine and Renal Stone Composition in Patients with Calcium-Containing Renal Stones

1972 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Marshall ◽  
M. Cochran ◽  
W. G. Robertson ◽  
A. Hodgkinson ◽  
B. E. C. Nordin
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Renal Stones ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Stone Composition ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones ◽  
Urine Oxalate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Urine ◽  
Normal Men

1. Diurnal variations in urine calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate activity products were observed in normal men and patients with recurrent calcium oxalate or mixed oxalate—phosphate renal stones. 2. Maximum and minimum calcium oxalate products were higher in the patients than in the controls, the difference being most marked in the patients with calcium oxalate stones. 3. Maximum and minimum calcium phosphate products expressed as octocalcium phosphate [(Ca8H2(PO4)6], brushite or hydroxyapatite, were significantly higher than normal in the patients with mixed stones but not in the patients with calcium oxalate stones. 4. The raised calcium oxalate products in the patients were due mainly to increased concentrations of Ca2+ ions; these, in turn, were due mainly to an increased rate of excretion of calcium. Raised calcium phosphate products were due mainly to hypercalciuria, combined with abnormally high urine pH values. 5. Patients with recurrent calcium stones appear to fall into two types: (1) patients with calcium oxalate stones associated with hypercalciuria, a normal or raised urine oxalate and a normal urine pH; (2) patients with mixed oxalate—phosphate stones associated with hypercalciuria, a normal or raised urine oxalate and a raised urine pH. 6. The implications of these findings in regard to treatment are discussed.

scholarly journals Biochemical Assessment of Renal and Liver Function among Preeclamptics in Lagos Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Oloruntoba Ayodele Ekun ◽  
Oluwatumininu Mary Olawumi ◽  
Christian Chigozie Makwe ◽  
Nkeiruka Ogochukwu Ogidi
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Sodium ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Specific Syndrome

Objectives. Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific syndrome. Studies have shown that preeclampsia has multiorgan dysfunction effects. This study evaluated biomarkers of renal and liver function among preeclamptic Nigerian women. Study Design. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 49 preeclamptic women and 50 normotensive healthy pregnant women. Method. The baseline data comprising age, gestational age, and blood pressure were obtained. Venous blood and spot urine samples were collected from each participant. Plasma obtained from blood samples taken into lithium heparinized vacutainer bottles was assayed for electrolytes, urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, and uric acid, while sera samples from blood samples taken into serum separation tube- (SST-) gel vacutainer were assayed for aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase using ion selective electrode technique and Cobas autoanalyzer. Spot urine samples were assayed for protein and creatinine using Pyrogallol’s reagent and Jaffe’s methods, respectively. Microalbuminuria (protein/creatinine ratio) was generated from spot urine protein and creatinine data. Result. The plasma sodium, total protein, and albumin in preeclamptic group were significantly decreased (p<0.05) when compared with control. There was statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in microalbuminuria, plasma potassium, urea, creatinine, uric acid levels, serum AST, and ALT activities in preeclamptic group. A positive association (p<0.05) between alanine aminotransferase and biomarkers of renal function was observed. Conclusion. Preeclampsia has deleterious effects on renal and liver function as shown by alteration of these parameters.

Should Idiopathic Calcium-Phosphate Stones be Separated from Calcium-Oxalate Stones?

Urolithiasis ◽  
1989 ◽  
pp. 563-565
Author(s):  
M. H. Gault ◽  
B. Barrett ◽  
P. Parfrey ◽  
W. Robertson ◽  
M. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Stones

scholarly journals Estimation of 24-Hour Sodium Excretion from Spot Urine Samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 174-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Mann ◽  
Linda M. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Excretion ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Spot Urine

Purine derivatives in spot urine samples and plasma of sheep: a possible index of microbial protein supply

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 5-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Chen ◽  
Adriana T. Mejia ◽  
D. J. Kyle ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Purine Derivatives ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Alternative Index ◽  
Protein Supply

In ruminants, daily urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) reflects the absorption of microbial purines and can be used as an index of microbial protein supply (Chen, Ørskov and Hovell, 1991). The application could be extended to farm conditions if measurements based on spot urine samples or plasma could serve as an alternative index. The objective of this study was to examine whether PD concentrations in spot urine or plasma samples vary diurnally during a given feeding regime and if they reflect differences in daily PD excretion induced by varying feed intake.

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