Effects of Diphosphonate and Colchicine Administration upon Acid–Base Changes Induced in Rats by Bilateral Nephrectomy

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ailsa Goulding ◽  
M. F. Broom
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Bilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Base Balance

1. The effects of disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and colchicine on acid-base balance were examined in intact and nephrectomized rats. 2. Both drugs increased extracellular hydrogen ion concentrations and depressed extracellular bicarbonate concentrations in nephrectomized rats compared with controls but did not alter these parameters in intact animals. 3. Intracellular hydrogen ion concentrations in the skeletal muscle of nephrectomized rats given EHDP were higher than those of control animals. 4. It is postulated that colchicine and EHDP inhibit skeletal buffering of non-volatile acids produced endogenously in nephrectomized rats.

Impact of hydrogen ion on fasting ketogenesis: feedback regulation of acid production

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (3) ◽  
pp. F238-F245 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Hood ◽  
E. Danforth ◽  
E. S. Horton ◽  
R. L. Tannen
Keyword(s):  
Acid Production ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Urine Ph ◽  
Ion Production ◽  
Base Balance

To determine whether acid-base balance regulates hydrogen ion production, seven obese volunteers were given NaHCO3 and NH4Cl (2 mmol.kg-1.day-1) during two separate 7-day fasts. On days 5-7 plasma bicarbonate was lower in the NH4Cl fasts (14.0 +/- 1.4 mM) than in the NaHCO3 fasts (18.3 +/- 1.1 mM), while urine pH and net acid excretion did not differ. Acid production (acid excretion minus intake) was greater by 204 mmol/day in the NaHCO3 fasts (274 +/- 16 mmol/day) than in the NH4Cl fasts (70 +/- 19 mmol/day). Ketoacid excretion, which reflected net ketoacid production, paralleled acid production, decreasing from 213 +/- 24 mmol/day in the NaHCO3 fasts to 67 +/- 18 mmol/day in the NH4Cl fasts. Thus, during starvation, alterations in hydrogen ion intake and the associated changes in acid-base balance modify the net production of endogenous acid by influencing the synthesis or utilization of ketoacids. Although the specific site of this metabolic regulation is undefined, these results indicate that systemic acid-base status can exert feedback control over hydrogen ion production.

Effects of potassium and rubidium on muscle cell bicarbonate

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Hudson ◽  
Arnold S. Relman
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Sharp Rise ◽  
Extracellular Acidosis ◽  
Rapid Exchange ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
K Depletion

A tissue CO2 content method was used to study the effects of Rb and K on skeletal muscle bicarbonate and pH in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of large loads of RbCl or KCl in normal rats produced extracellular acidosis and a transient intracellular alkalosis in muscle (and also in renal cortex). This supports previous suggestions that rapid exchange of administered cation for intracellular hydrogen occurs. In K-deficient alkalotic rats, loading with RbCl or KCl caused a greater fall in extracellular bicarbonate but a smaller rise in muscle bicarbonate. Muscle bicarbonate was unchanged by the alkalosis of K depletion or the reduction in extracellular bicarbonate resulting from chronic feeding of Rb. After the acute RbCl and KCl loads, repair of intracellular alkalosis occurred within 6 hr, associated with a transient sharp rise in tissue citrate content. It is suggested that production of citrate and other metabolic acids may play a role in stabilizing cellular acid-base balance.

scholarly journals Glutamine synthetase activity of muscle in acidosis

1983 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
P A King ◽  
L Goldstein ◽  
E A Newsholme
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Synthetase Activity ◽  
Glutamine Synthetase Activity ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Base Balance

Metabolic acidosis stimulates the rate of glutamine release from muscle, and this in turn is used by the kidney in acid-base balance. NH4Cl, HCl or diabetic ketoacidosis increases the maximum activity of glutamine synthetase in skeletal muscle. Starvation and administration of adrenal steroids also increase the activity of the enzyme in muscle.

scholarly journals Ventilation and acid-base balance during graded activity in lizards

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. R29-R37 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Mitchell ◽  
T. T. Gleeson ◽  
A. F. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Graded Activity

Arterial PCO2, hydrogen ion ([H+]a), and lactate ([L]a) concentrations, rates of metabolic CO2 production (VCO2) and O2 consumption (VO2), and effective alveolar ventilation (Veff) were determined in the lizards Varanus exanthematicus and Iguana iguana at rest and during steady-state treadmill exercise at 35 degrees C. In Varanus, VCO2 increased ninefold and VO2 sixfold without detectable rise in [L]a at running speeds below 1.0 to 1.5 km x h-1. In this range, Veff increased 12-fold resulting in decreased levels of PaCO2 and [H+]a. At higher speeds [L]a rose. Increments of 5 mM [L]a were accompanied by hyperventilation, reducing PaCO2 and thus maintaining [H+]a near its resting level. When [L]a increased further, [H+]a increased. Sustainable running speeds (0.3-0.5 km x h-1 and below) were often associated with increased VO2, VCO2, and [L]a in Iguana. Sixfold increases in VCO2 and 9-mM increments in [L]a were accompanied by sufficient increase in Veff (9-fold) to maintain [H+]a at or below its control level. When [L]a increased further, [H+]a increased. These results indicate that both lizard species maintain blood acid-base homeostasis rather effectively via ventilatory adjustments at moderate exercise intensities.

scholarly journals The 100th anniversary of pH (1909-2009). Negative logarithms for measuring hydrogen ions: are they essential in medicine? Part I

2013 ◽  
pp. 147-155
Author(s):  
Francesco Sgambato ◽  
Sergio Prozzo ◽  
Ester Sgambato ◽  
Rosa Sgambato ◽  
Luca Milano
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Hydrogen Ions ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Ph Scale

Introduction: It has been 100 years since the concept of pH (1909-2009) was ‘‘invented’’ by the Danish chemist-mathematician Søren Peter Lauritz Sørensen (1868-1939) in the chemistry laboratories of the Carlsberg Brewery in Copenhagen. The anniversary provides an opportunity to examine the crucial importance in human life of acid-base balance. Materials and methods: The authors review the historical process that led to the creation of the pH scale, with citation of passages from the original work of Sørensen published 100 years ago. This is followed by a critical analysis of the debate regarding the use of logarithmstomeasure hydrogen ion concentrations based on data from scientific papers published over the past 50 years (1960-2010). Results and discussion: The authors conclude that the concept of acid-base balance can be approached and taught in a simpler, more exciting, and even pleasant fashion without using the infamous and abstruse Henderson-Hasselbalch equation. The whole rationale underlying the understanding and clinical application of this vital topic is clearly and unquestionably inherent simpler, more manageable formula introduced by Henderson (without logs), which is useful and quite adequate for use in medical education.

Cl−, K+, and acid–base balance in rainbow trout during exposure to, and recovery from, sublethal environmental acidification

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Booth ◽  
G. F. Jansz ◽  
G. F. Holeton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

A review of pertinent literature is provided. Previous research showed that fish exposed to sublethal environmental acidification have reduced blood pH, plasma [HCO3−], and [Cl−] and increased plasma [K+]. Simultaneous sampling from blood and water was used to characterize changes in Cl−, K+, and acid–base regulation in rainbow trout during a 5-day exposure to pH 4 followed by a 24-h recovery period at pH 7. At pH 4, there was a continuous loss of Cl− (49.8 μmol/kg per hour), and K+ (23.0 μmol/kg per hour) to the water. Blood ion concentrations did not change in a corresponding manner. Blood pH and plasma [HCO3−] decreased continuously owing to a net uptake of acid from the water. Recovery at pH 7 involved uptake of Cl− from, and loss of K+ to, the water. Plasma [K+] returned to normal but there was no significant change in plasma [Cl−] during this 24-h period. Internal acid–base parameters recovered much more quickly owing to a net excretion of acid into the water. The more rapid recovery of acid–base balance suggests that branchial acid–base and ionoregulatory mechanisms may be only loosely linked. The irregular changes in blood ion concentrations indicate that considerable ionic and osmotic exchanges between the plasma, the remainder of the extracellular space, and the intracellular space must result from exposure to pH 4.

pH regulation of endogenous acid production in subjects with chronic ketoacidosis

1985 ◽  
Vol 249 (2) ◽  
pp. F220-F226 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Hood
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Ph Regulation ◽  
Acid Output ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
Base Balance

In a previous study of starvation-induced acute ketoacidosis, net ketoacid production was inhibited by acid and facilitated by base ingestion. To determine whether hydrogen ion modifies net ketoacid production during chronic ketoacidosis, six over-weight volunteers ingested NaHCO3, NaCl, or NH4Cl (2 mmol X kg-1 X day-1), each for 7 days, during weeks 6-8 of ketogenic dieting. During days 4-7 of each phase, blood bicarbonate was stable but lower in the NH4Cl (19.6 +/- 0.7 mM) than the NaHCO3 (23.7 +/- 0.7 mM) phases. Throughout these periods, acid intake differed by 216 mmol/day, whereas acid output differed by 129 mmol/day between the NaHCO3 and the NH4Cl phases. The major contribution to this difference in acid balance was a difference in net organic acid (ketoacid) production. Although blood ketones were stable, ketoacid excretion, reflecting net ketoacid production, was decreased by 59% with acid and increased by 66% with base compared with NaCl (control) ingestion. Thus, in this state of chronic ketoacidosis, challenges to acid-base balance were countered by a rapidly occurring, sustained, reversible, and quantitatively significant modification of net acid production which acted as an effective mechanism for acid-base regulation.

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