Small vertebral cross-sectional area and tall intervertebral disc in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1424-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skorn Ponrartana ◽  
Carissa L. Fisher ◽  
Patricia C. Aggabao ◽  
Thomas A. Chavez ◽  
Alexander M. Broom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Radiography and biomechanics of sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae segments after disc fenestration and after insertion of an intervertebral body spacer

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (01) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Desquilbet ◽  
D. Fitzpatrick ◽  
F. Bernard ◽  
P. Moissonnier
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Cervical Vertebrae ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Cervical Disc ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Lateral Bending ◽  
Disc Space ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Radiographic Measurements ◽  
Flexion Extension

SummaryObjectives: To study the radiographic characteristics and the biomechanical properties of the sixth and seventh cervical (C6–C7) vertebral motion unit (VMU) with an intact disc, after disc fenestration, and after placement of an intervertebral body spacer (IVBS).Methods: Six cadaveric C6-C7 VMU were retrieved from six Greyhound cadavers. Each VMU was loaded at 3 Nm of torque sequentially in flexion, extension, and in right and left lateral bending. The range-of-motion (ROM) was measured with a Zebris 3D® system. The intervertebral disc cross-sectional area was measured on lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs. Biomechanical testing and radiographic measurements were performed with an intact disc, after disc fenestration, and after IVBS placement. Data were reported as mean ± SD.Results: The intervertebral disc cross-sectional area was significantly decreased after disc fenestration and increased after IVBS placement, but remained significantly smaller than the area of intact disc in some of the tested conditions. The ROM with an intact disc, after disc fenestration and after IVBS placement, in flexion were 11.5° ± 1.0, 15.2° ± 2.3, and 10.9° ± 4.7, respectively, and in extension were 15.6° ± 3.7, 24.7° ± 6.2, 21.9° ± 4.0, respectively. There was a significant increase in extension ROM after disc fenestration. Intervertebral body spacer placement significantly decreased ROM in flexion but ROM in extension was not different from disc fenestration. No significant changes in lateral bending ROM were detected.Clinical significance: The use of an IVBS reduced disc space collapse but did not restore stability of the VMU to normal values in extension after cervical disc fenestration.

scholarly journals Comparison of MRI cross-sectional area and functions of core muscles among asymptomatic individuals with and without lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyeong-tae Gwak ◽  
Ui-jae Hwang ◽  
Sung-hoon Jung ◽  
Hyun-a Kim ◽  
Jun-hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Disc Degeneration ◽  
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Endurance Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Asymptomatic Individuals

Abstract Background Previous studies suggested that patients with symptomatic intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) of lumbar spine have reduced cross-sectional area (CSA) and functions of core muscles. However, reduced CSA and functions of core muscles have been observed not only in patients with symptomatic IDD but also in patients with other subgroups of low back pain (LBP). Thus, it is uncertain whether reduced CSA and functions of core muscles lead to IDD and LBP, or pain leads to reduced CSA and functions of core muscles in patients with symptomatic IDD. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the CSA and functions of core muscles between asymptomatic participants with and without IDD in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Twenty asymptomatic participants (12 men and 8 women) participated in this study. Ten participants had asymptomatic IDD at L4–5. The others were healthy controls (without IDD at all levels of lumbar spine). The CSA of core muscles was measured using MRI. Maximal isometric trunk flexor strength and side bridge strength were measured by a Smart KEMA strength sensor. Trunk flexor endurance test, side bridge endurance test and plank endurance test were used to measure core endurance. Double legs loading test was used to measure core stability. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between two groups. Results There were no significant differences in core muscle functions between the two groups (p > 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in CSA between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusions There was no significant difference in CSA and core muscle functions between asymptomatic participants with and without IDD. These findings indicate that a degenerative or bulging disc in asymptomatic individuals has little effect on CSA and functions of core muscles, especially in young age. Therefore, the general core endurance test or strength test could not differentiate asymptomatic people with and without IDD of lumbar spine. Trial registration number Clinical Research information Service. KCT0004061. Registered 13 June 2019. retrospectively registered.

Axial loading during supine MRI for improved assessment of lumbar spine: comparison with standing MRI

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110681
Author(s):  
Jarruwat Charoensuk ◽  
Jiraporn Laothamatas ◽  
Witaya Sungkarat ◽  
Ladawan Worapruekjaru ◽  
Boonthida Hooncharoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Compression Device ◽  
Dural Sac

Background There are no studies comparing the morphologic changes of lumbar spines between supine axial-loaded and 90° standing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations of patients with spinal stenosis. Purpose To determine whether axial-loaded MRI using a compression device demonstrated similar morphology of intervertebral disc, dural sac, and spinal curvature as those detected by 90° standing MRI in individuals with suspected spinal stenosis. Material and Methods A total of 54 individuals suspected of having spinal stenosis underwent both axial-loaded and standing MRI studies. The outcome measures included seven radiologic parameters of the lumbar spine: measures of the intervertebral disc (i.e. cross-sectional area [DA], disc height [DH], and anteroposterior distance [DAP]), dural sac (cross-sectional area [DCSA]), spinal curvature (i.e. lumbar lordosis [LL] and L1-L3-L5 angle [LA]), and total lumbar spine height (LH). Results For agreement between the two methods, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) ≥ 0.8 was found for all seven radiologic parameters. Supine axial-loaded MRI underestimated LL but remained correlated (ICC = 0.83) with standing MRI. Minor differences between the two methods (≤5.0%) were observed in DA, DCSA, DAP, LA, and LH, while a major difference was observed in LL (8.1%). Conclusion Using a compression device with the conventional supine MRI to simulate weight-bearing on the lumbar spine generated MRI morphology, which was strongly correlated with those from a standing MRI.

Changes in Intervertebral Disc Cross-Sectional Area With Bed Rest and Space Flight

Spine ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 812-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian D. LeBlanc ◽  
Harlan J. Evans ◽  
Victor S. Schneider ◽  
Richard E. Wendt ◽  
Thomas D. Hedrick
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Space Flight ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional

Pelvic Canal Narrowing Caused by Triple Pelvic Osteotomy in the Dog

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Holmberg ◽  
M. B. Hurtig ◽  
H. R. Sukhiani
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canal Width ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Post Operative Complications

SummaryDuring a triple pelvic osteotomy, rotation of the free acetabular segment causes the pubic remnant on the acetabulum to rotate into the pelvic canal. The resulting narrowing may cause complications by impingement on the organs within the pelvic canal. Triple pelvic osteotomies were performed on ten cadaver pelves with pubic remnants equal to 0, 25, and 50% of the hemi-pubic length and angles of acetabular rotation of 20, 30, and 40 degrees. All combinations of pubic remnant lengths and angles of acetabular rotation caused a significant reduction in pelvic canal-width and cross-sectional area, when compared to the inact pelvis. Zero, 25, and 50% pubic remnants result in 15, 35, and 50% reductions in pelvic canal width respectively. Overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment should be minimized to reduce postoperative complications due to pelvic canal narrowing.When performing triple pelvic osteotomies, the length of the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment and the angle of acetabular rotation both significantly narrow the pelvic canal. To reduce post-operative complications, due to narrowing of the pelvic canal, overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the length of the pubic remnant should be minimized.

DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE ROD’S CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA USING VIBRATION EIGENFREQUENCIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
I.M. UTYASHEV ◽  
◽  
A.A. AITBAEVA ◽  
A.A. YULMUKHAMETOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Longitudinal Vibrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Method Error ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Elastic Fixation ◽  
Crosssectional Area

The paper presents solutions to the direct and inverse problems on longitudinal vibrations of a rod with a variable cross-sectional area. The law of variation of the cross-sectional area is modeled as an exponential function of a polynomial of degree n . The method for reconstructing this function is based on representing the fundamental system of solutions of the direct problem in the form of a Maclaurin series in the variables x and λ. Examples of solutions for various section functions and various boundary conditions are given. It is shown that to recover n unknown coefficients of a polynomial, n eigenvalues are required, and the solution is dual. An unambiguous solution was obtained only for the case of elastic fixation at one of the rod’s ends. The numerical estimation of the method error was made using input data noise. It is shown that the error in finding the variable crosssectional area is less than 1% with the error in the eigenvalues of longitudinal vibrations not exceeding 0.0001.

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