Effect of Fungal Endophytes on Biomass Yield, Nutritive Value and Accumulation of Minerals in Ornithopus compressus

AbstractTemperate grass and legume yield and quality are markedly reduced during hot, dry summer months in the southern USA; therefore, browse species could add feed options for small ruminants during this season. Our objective was to compare total biomass yield and forage nutritive value of two browse species, leguminous bristly locust (Robinia hispida) and smooth sumac (Rhus glabra), as well as a leguminous shrub known as sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneate), during summer months (June, July, August and September). Plants were sampled monthly during growing-seasons in 2012 and 2013 to determine biomass yield (foliar, shoot, and total above ground) and foliar nutritive value [crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), and condensed tannins (CT)]. There was a species × harvest time interaction for foliar biomass yield (P = 0.0125). This interaction was likely due to low yield in June for bristly locust compared with sericea lespedeza and smooth sumac, but in all other months (July, August, and September) yields were similar for each species. Bristly locust had the highest CP (16.9%), followed by sericea lespedeza (14.8%), and smooth sumac (12.3%). Acid detergent fiber and ADL were similar between bristly locust (ADF 38.5%; ADL 24.1%) and sericea lespedeza (ADF 38.4%; ADL 23.1%), but was lower for smooth sumac (ADF 22.1%, ADL 6.3%; P < 0.05). Condensed tannins, an anti-nutritive yet anti-parasitic phenolic compounds, were highest in smooth sumac, intermediate in bristly locust, and lowest in sericea lespedeza. Plant foliar percentage (ratio of foliar to shoot mass), was highest in smooth sumac (55.1%), followed by sericea lespedeza (47.7%), and bristly locust (42.6%). Overall, smooth sumac had the highest foliar biomass and lowest ADF and ADL; however, this species had the lowest CP and highest CT. Consequently, average foliar biomass yield of all three browse species in our study far exceeded forage yield from dominant forage species [tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus) and bermudagrass (Cyanodon dactylon)] in this region and may provide high-yielding, low input, anti-parasitic fodder for small ruminants during this period in the Southeastern U.S.

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Use of normalised difference vegetation index, nitrogen concentration, and total nitrogen content of whole maize plant and plant fractions to estimate yield and nutritive value of hybrid forage maize

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp10244 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (5) ◽

pp. 374 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. R. Islam ◽

S. C. (Yani) Garcia ◽

D. Henry

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Maize Plant ◽

Forage Maize ◽

Leaf Stage ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

This study was conducted to investigate the potentials of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), nitrogen (N) concentration (%), and N content (g/plant) of whole maize plant to estimate yield and nutritive value of hybrid forage maize. Hybrid forage maize was grown with two rates of pre-sowing fertiliser N (0, 135 kg/ha) and three rates of post-sowing fertiliser N (0, 79, 158 kg N/ha) applied at the six-leaf stage. Data on the NDVI and N (% and g/plant) of maize were collected at 2-, 3-, 6-, 8-, 12-, 16-, 18-leaf stages and at harvest. Metabolisable energy (ME) content of the whole maize plant at harvest was estimated from in vitro digestibility. Simple, polynomial, and multiple regression analyses were conducted and only the best-fit models were selected. The 8-leaf stage was found to be the most effective stage for use of the NDVI in predicting biomass yield (R2 = 0.81), grain yield (R2 = 0.72), and N (%) (R2 = 0.92) of forage maize. Nitrogen (%) at the 8-leaf stage was also best related to biomass yield (R2 = 0.88). Multiple regressions at the 3-leaf stage increased the coefficient of determination for both biomass yield and grain yield (R2 = 0.77) over the relationships obtained from N (%) of the whole plant at 2- or 3-leaf stage. The NDVI and N (%) of the whole plant at 8-leaf stage were the best predictors of yield, but failed to predict ME content of the hybrid forage maize. Multiple regression models at the 3-leaf stage were almost as effective as the NDVI and N (%) of whole maize plant at the 8-leaf stage in predicting biomass and grain yield of forage maize.

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Effect of the ratio of maize cob and husk to napier Pakchong 1 silage on nutritive value and in vitro gas production of rumen fluid of Thai native cattle

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15692 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (8) ◽

pp. 1603 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Yammuen-art ◽

P. Somrak ◽

C. Phatsara

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Average Weight ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Native Cattle ◽

Maize Cob

The present study evaluated the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal digestibility of napier Pakchong 1 silage combined with maize cob and husk in different ratios. The napier Pakchong 1 grass was harvested at 45 days of maturity. The napier Pakchong 1 grass was ensiled with maize cob and husk at ratios of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15. Three rumen fistulated Thai native cattle (White Lamphun cattle) with an average weight of 154 ± 4.7 kg were used to determine ruminal digestibility by in vitro gas-production technique. Gas production was recorded after incubating for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The microbial biomass yield was determined after incubating for 24 h. DM, NDF and ADF of maize cob and husk mixed with napier Pakchong 1 silage declined by increasing the proportion of napier Pakchong 1 grass, while gas production after 4–10 h of incubating maize cob and husk mixed with napier Pakchong 1 grass increased by increasing the proportion of napier Pakchong 1 grass. The metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility and microbial biomass yield did not differ among the different ratios. The results of the study suggested a recommended ratio of maize cob and husk to napier Pakchong 1 grass of 1:10. The ensiling fermentation increased the proportion of protein in the roughage, which lead to increased in vitro gas production of roughage.

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Effect of harvesting interval on biomass yield and nutritive value of five tropical forage legumes (Aeschynomene histrix ‘BRA 9690’, Canavalia brasiliensis ‘CIAT 17009’, Stylosanthes guianensis ‘CIAT 184’ and ‘Composite’ and Vigna unguiculata ‘CIAT 1088-4

Grassland Science ◽

10.1111/grs.12017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 80-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Phonepaseuth Phengsavanh ◽

Bodil E. Frankow-Lindberg

Keyword(s):

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Forage Legumes ◽

Stylosanthes Guianensis ◽

Tropical Forage ◽

Canavalia Brasiliensis

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Corrigendum to: Effect of the ratio of maize cob and husk to napier Pakchong 1 silage on nutritive value and in vitro gas production of rumen fluid of Thai native cattle

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an15692_co ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 600

Author(s):

S. Yammuen-art ◽

P. Somrak ◽

C. Phatsara

Keyword(s):

Microbial Biomass ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Rumen Fluid ◽

Gas Production ◽

Average Weight ◽

In Vitro Gas Production ◽

Native Cattle ◽

Maize Cob

The present study evaluated the chemical composition and in vitro ruminal digestibility of napier Pakchong 1 silage combined with maize cob and husk in different ratios. The napier Pakchong 1 grass was harvested at 45 days of maturity. The napier Pakchong 1 grass was ensiled with maize cob and husk at ratios of 1:5, 1:10 and 1:15. Three rumen fistulated Thai native cattle (White Lamphun cattle) with an average weight of 154 ± 4.7 kg were used to determine ruminal digestibility by in vitro gas-production technique. Gas production was recorded after incubating for 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. The microbial biomass yield was determined after incubating for 24 h. DM, NDF and ADF of maize cob and husk mixed with napier Pakchong 1 silage declined by increasing the proportion of napier Pakchong 1 grass, while gas production after 4–10 h of incubating maize cob and husk mixed with napier Pakchong 1 grass increased by increasing the proportion of napier Pakchong 1 grass. The metabolisable energy, organic matter digestibility and microbial biomass yield did not differ among the different ratios. The results of the study suggested a recommended ratio of maize cob and husk to napier Pakchong 1 grass of 1:10. The ensiling fermentation increased the proportion of protein in the roughage, which lead to increased in vitro gas production of roughage.

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Fungal endophytes associated with Ornithopus compressus growing under semiarid conditions

Plant Ecology & Diversity ◽

10.1080/17550874.2018.1540020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (5-6) ◽

pp. 581-595 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oscar Santamaria ◽

Sara Rodrigo ◽

Santiago Lledó ◽

Maria J. Poblaciones

Keyword(s):

Fungal Endophytes ◽

Ornithopus Compressus ◽

Semiarid Conditions

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Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield contributing character, biomass yield and nutritive value of cowpea forage

Bangladesh Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9680 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 39 (1-2) ◽

pp. 83-88

Author(s):

MR Hasan ◽

MA Akbar ◽

ZH Khandaker ◽

MM Rahman

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Plant Height ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Forage Production ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Significant Difference

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on the yield contributing characteristics, biomass yield and nutritive values of cowpea forage. Five nitrogen levels viz: 0 (T0), 15 (T1), 20 (T2), 25 (T3) and 30 (T0) kg N/ha were applied in 20 plots in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The result showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer had significant (P<0.01) effect on plant height and highest plant height (96.25 cm) was observed at 25 kgN/ha. However, application of nitrogen fertilizer from urea did not show any significant effect on branching of plant. The application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly (P<0.01) increased the green, dry and organic matter, and crude protein yield of cowpea forage. No significant difference (P>0.01) among the groups for chemical composition of cowpea forage was observed due to increasing rate of N fertilizer. Similarly, N fertilization had no affect on OM digestibility and ME content of cowpea forage. From the results of the present study, it may be concluded that the application of N at the rate of 25 Kg N/ha could be used for cowpea forage production. Key words: Cowpea; Nitrogen fertilizer; Yield; Chemical composition; Nutritive value DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjas.v39i1-2.9680 Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2010, 39(1&2): 83-88

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