Microbial synthesis of gold nanoparticles using the fungus Penicillium brevicompactum and their cytotoxic effects against mouse mayo blast cancer C2C12 cells

ABSTRACTMicrobial synthesis of gold nanoparticles was achieved at 25°C and pH 7-1 using the mesophilic bacteriumShewanella algaewith H2as the electron donor. The microbial synthesis of gold nanoparticle was a fast process: 1 mM AuCl4−ions were completely reduced to insoluble gold within 30 min. At the solution pH 7, the gold nanoparticles of 10-20 nm were synthesized in the periplasmic space ofS. algaecells. When the solution pH was decreased to 1, the gold nanoparticles of 50-500 nm were precipitated extracellularly. The solution pH was an important factor in controlling the morphology of biogenic gold particles and location of gold deposition.

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Multiscale-Engineered Muscle Constructs: PEG Hydrogel Micro-Patterning on an Electrospun PCL Mat Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms23010260 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 260

Author(s):

Megane Beldjilali Labro ◽

Rachid Jellali ◽

Alexander David Brown ◽

Alejandro Garcia Garcia ◽

Augustin Lerebours ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Electrical Stimulation ◽

Myogenic Differentiation ◽

Electrospinning Process ◽

C2c12 Cells ◽

Micro Patterning ◽

Engineered Tissue ◽

Tunable Mechanical Properties ◽

Poly Caprolactone

The development of new, viable, and functional engineered tissue is a complex and challenging task. Skeletal muscle constructs have specific requirements as cells are sensitive to the stiffness, geometry of the materials, and biological micro-environment. The aim of this study was thus to design and characterize a multi-scale scaffold and to evaluate it regarding the differentiation process of C2C12 skeletal myoblasts. The significance of the work lies in the microfabrication of lines of polyethylene glycol, on poly(-caprolactone) nanofiber sheets obtained using the electrospinning process, coated or not with gold nanoparticles to act as a potential substrate for electrical stimulation. The differentiation of C2C12 cells was studied over a period of seven days and quantified through both expression of specific genes, and analysis of the myotubes’ alignment and length using confocal microscopy. We demonstrated that our multiscale bio-construct presented tunable mechanical properties and supported the different stages skeletal muscle,as well as improving the parallel orientation of the myotubes with a variation of less than 15°. These scaffolds showed the ability of sustained myogenic differentiation by enhancing the organization of reconstructed skeletal muscle. Moreover, they may be suitable for applications in mechanical and electrical stimulation to mimic the muscle’s physiological functions.

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Cytotoxic Effects of Coated Gold Nanoparticles on PC12 Cancer Cell

Galen Medical Journal ◽

10.31661/gmj.v7i0.1110 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e1110

Author(s):

Hadi Zare Marzouni ◽

Fazel Tarkhan ◽

Amir Aidun ◽

Kiana Shahzamani ◽

Hamid Reza Jahan Tigh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Amino Acid ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Coated Nanoparticles ◽

Cellular Life ◽

Cellular Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

High Concentrations

Background: The use of gold nanoparticles in medicine and especially in cancer treatment has been of interest to researchers. The effectiveness of this nanoparticle on cells significantly depends on the amount of its entry into the cells. This study was performed to compare the rate and mechanism of effect of gold nanoparticles coated with different amino acid on PC12 cancer cell line.Materials and Methods: The PC12 cells line were exposed to various concentrations of amino acid coated and uncoated gold nanoparticles (0.5, 2.5 and 5 μM). Cell death rate was determined according to level of Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release from cells and MTT assay. In addition cell morphology and the amount of Cellular Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were studied.Results: The uncoated gold nanoparticles have shown minor effects on cellular life. Gold nanoparticles coated by tryptophan at high concentrations (2.5, 5 and 25μM) increase in cancer cells metabolic activity. Gold nanoparticles coated by Aspartate also produce the largest amount of LDH and ROS in cancer cells and therefore caused of highest rate of apoptosis.Conclusion: The results showed that the nanoparticles coated with amino acids are affected on cellular metabolism and apoptosis more than uncoated nanoparticles. Also the smallest coated nanoparticles (coated by aspartate) have the most influence and by increasing the size, this effect was reduced. [GMJ.2018;7:e1110]

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Genipin Attachment of Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles to a Decellularized Tissue Scaffold

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9235231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (23) ◽

pp. 5231

Author(s):

Mitch Bellrichard ◽

Colten Snider ◽

Cornelia Dittmar ◽

John Brockman ◽

Dave Grant ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Nanoparticles ◽

Crosslinking Agent ◽

Fast Method ◽

Ligament Repair ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Tissue Scaffold ◽

Gardenia Jasminoides ◽

Frequent Use ◽

Fibroblast Attachment ◽

Promising Solution

Decellularized allograft tissue is used for a wide array of tissue injuries and repair with tenons and ligament repair being among the most common. However, despite their frequent use there is concern over the lengthy inflammatory period and slow healing associated with allografts. One promising solution has been the use of nanoparticles. There is currently no easy, fast method to achieve consistent conjugation of nanoparticles to tissue. The available conjugation methods can be time-consuming and/or may create numerous cytotoxic byproducts. Genipin, a naturally derived crosslinking agent isolated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides was investigated as a conjugation agent to achieve fast, consistent crosslinking without cytotoxic byproducts. The rational of utilizing genipin is that is reacts spontaneously with amino-group-containing compounds such as proteins, collagens, and gelatins, and does not require extensive washing after conjugation. Porcine diaphragm tendons were decellularized and then immersed in cysteamine functionalized gold nanoparticles and genipin for various time points. Tissue scaffolds were tested for the degree of crosslinking, gold nanoparticle concentrations, and fibroblast attachment and biocompatibility. Results demonstrated that genipin can successfully and reproducibly attach gold nanoparticles to tissue in as little as 15 min. The genipin had no cytotoxic effects and improved fibroblast attachment and proliferation. Genipin can be used to attach gold nanoparticles to tissue in a fast, cell safe manner.

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