scholarly journals Hybrid total-body pet scanners—current status and future perspectives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Nadig ◽  
Ken Herrmann ◽  
Felix M. Mottaghy ◽  
Volkmar Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
Short Term ◽  
System Sensitivity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
The Status ◽  
Examination Methods ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pet Scanners

AbstractPurpose Since the 1990s, PET has been successfully combined with MR or CT systems. In the past years, especially PET systems have seen a trend towards an enlarged axial field of view (FOV), up to a factor of ten. Methods Conducting a thorough literature research, we summarize the status quo of contemporary total-body (TB) PET/CT scanners and give an outlook on possible future developments. Results Currently, three human TB PET/CT systems have been developed: The PennPET Explorer, the uExplorer, and the Biograph Vision Quadra realize aFOVs between 1 and 2 m and show a tremendous increase in system sensitivity related to their longer gantries. Conclusion The increased system sensitivity paves the way for short-term, low-dose, and dynamic TB imaging as well as new examination methods in almost all areas of imaging.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Substituted Pyrazole-Based Kinase Inhibitors in One Decade (2011–2020): Current Status and Future Prospects

Molecules ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 330
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. El-Gamal ◽  
Seyed-Omar Zaraei ◽  
Moustafa M. Madkour ◽  
Hanan S. Anbar
Keyword(s):  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Pyrazole Derivatives ◽  
Chronological Order ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cancer Types ◽  
Privileged Scaffold ◽  
Almost All

Pyrazole has been recognized as a pharmacologically important privileged scaffold whose derivatives produce almost all types of pharmacological activities and have attracted much attention in the last decades. Of the various pyrazole derivatives reported as potential therapeutic agents, this article focuses on pyrazole-based kinase inhibitors. Pyrazole-possessing kinase inhibitors play a crucial role in various disease areas, especially in many cancer types such as lymphoma, breast cancer, melanoma, cervical cancer, and others in addition to inflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. In this article, we reviewed the structural and biological characteristics of the pyrazole derivatives recently reported as kinase inhibitors and classified them according to their target kinases in a chronological order. We reviewed the reports including pyrazole derivatives as kinase inhibitors published during the past decade (2011–2020).

Are Biopharmaceutical Budget Caps Good Public Policy?

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana P. Goldman ◽  
Darius N. Lakdawalla ◽  
James R. Baumgardner ◽  
Mark T. Linthicum
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Healthcare Spending ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Status ◽  
Pharmaceutical Spending ◽  
Health Returns ◽  
New Research

AbstractMedical innovation has generated significant gains in health over the past decades, but these advances have been accompanied by rapid growth in healthcare spending. Faced with a growing number of high-cost but high-impact innovations, some have argued to constrain prices for new therapies – especially through global caps on pharmaceutical spending and limits on prices for individual drugs. We show that applying this threshold to past innovations would have limited access to many highly valuable drugs such as statins and anti-retrovirals. We also argue that budget caps violate several important principles of health policy. First, budget caps treat healthcare spending as a consumption good, like going to a movie or buying a meal. However, healthcare spending should be viewed as an investment, whose benefits accrue over many years – much like spending on education. Second, budgetary cost is a poor indicator of value, thereby distorting coverage decisions. Third, affordability arguments often use a short-term horizon, thereby missing that long-term health is society’s ultimate goal. Fourth, assessments of benefit should incorporate not just the immediate clinical benefit to patients, but also long-term health improvements, cost savings, and increased productivity. Fifth, global budget caps arbitrarily anchor spending on the status quo, thereby setting too stringent a threshold for socially-desirable innovation. In sum, a solitary focus on short-term costs can be detrimental to population health in the long-run. When medical treatment decisions are properly viewed as investments, budget caps are not the answer; rather, we need to find mechanisms to encourage spending decisions based on long-term value. Only then can we generate health returns to societal investments, while also encouraging the new research and development necessary to extend the gains of recent decades.

scholarly journals The effect of modern PET technology and techniques on the EANM paediatric dosage card

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Dickson ◽  
Uta Eberlein ◽  
Michael Lassmann
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Axial Field ◽  
Short Article ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Class B ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Bed Position ◽  
Pet Scanners

Abstract Aim Recent advancements in PET technology have brought with it significant improvements in PET performance and image quality. In particular, the extension of the axial field of view of PET systems, and the introduction of semiconductor technology into the PET detector, initially for PET/MR, and more recently available long-field-of-view PET/CT systems (≥ 25 cm) have brought a step change improvement in the sensitivity of PET scanners. Given the requirement to limit paediatric doses, this increase in sensitivity is extremely welcome for the imaging of children and young people. This is even more relevant with PET/MR, where the lack of CT exposures brings further dose reduction benefits to this population. In this short article, we give some details around the benefits around new PET technology including PET/MR and its implications on the EANM paediatric dosage card. Material and methods  Reflecting on EANM adult guidance on injected activities, and making reference to bed overlap and the concept of MBq.min bed−1 kg−1, we use published data on image quality from PET/MR systems to update the paediatric dosage card for PET/MR and extended axial field of view (≥ 25 cm) PET/CT systems. However, this communication does not cover the expansion of paediatric dosing for the half-body and total-body scanners that have recently come to market. Results In analogy to the existing EANM dosage card, new parameters for the EANM paediatric dosage card were developed (class B, baseline value: 10.7 MBq, minimum recommended activity 10 MBq). The recommended administered activities for the systems considered in this communication range from 11 MBq [18F]FDG for a child with a weight of 3 kg to 149 MBq [18F]FDG for a paediatric patient weight of 68 kg, assuming a scan of 3 min per bed position. The mean effective dose over all ages (1 year and older) is 2.85 mSv. Conclusion With this, recommendations for paediatric dosing are given for systems that have not been considered previously.

The Pyalung Kapampángan: observations on the status of traditional games from two generations

2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel T. Gutierrez ◽  
Nelissa L. Manuel ◽  
Matthew S. Masbang
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
The Past ◽  
Two Generations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Rules Of The Game

This study compares the observations of younger and older generations relating to different traditional games played by the Kapampangans. It particularly focuses on five games namely Maro; Tambubung; Luksung Babi; Salikutan; and Barongganan Bola. These games have been known to emphasise the players’ speed and agility. A survey and follow up in-depth interviews were used to explore the differing observations and perspectives of thirty elders (aged 60 years and above) and fifty youngsters (aged 10- 18 years old) from different towns in Pampanga. The survey highlighted the fact that the majority of the games were now played in the streets compared with the past when they were played in fields. The follow-up interviews revealed that the terrain of the towns significantly contributed to the structure and rules of the game, and many variations were found in the names of the games which were taken from how the game was played. Further research is recommended to explore the differing perceptions from the two generations concerning the current status of traditional games in their community.

scholarly journals Robotic Surgery and Its Application in Urology: A Journey Through Time

EMJ Urology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 72-82
Author(s):  
Mohammad Faruquz Zaman ◽  
Noor Buchholz ◽  
Christian Bach
Keyword(s):  
Robotic Surgery ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Market Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Google Search

Objectives: To evaluate an overview of the past, present, and future of robotic surgery. To provide insight and focus on the current status of the field of robotic systems for urological surgery with outcomes and discuss future perspectives in terms of other operative techniques and new robotic platforms. Evidence acquisition: The authors undertook a non-systematic literature review using PubMed, Medline, and Google search. They used the search terms “robotic uro-surgery”, “laparoscopic”, “minimally invasive surgery”, “future of robotics”, “global robotic market growth”, “geographical distribution”, and “cost-effectiveness”. Evidence synthesis: Robotic surgery has embraced and extended almost all aspects of uro-surgical fields since its introduction three decades ago. There are definite advantages of robots to the surgeons and patients. It has become new standard of care for many surgical procedures. Innovation and technological advances are continuing and new with more precise robots are emerging. The major downside is cost. Despite the high cost, robot market is growing. Conclusion: Over the past decade, minimally invasive approaches have virtually revolutionised surgery and robotic surgery has accelerated these changes. Without doubt, robotic urologic surgery is here to stay and will expand further in all surgical disciplines. Utilisation of robotics should be coupled with a reduction in costs to healthcare systems, and improved clinical outcomes for the general population rather than a privileged few. Therefore, making this expensive technology more affordable must be part of the equation.

scholarly journals New probe for the improvement of the Spatial Resolution in total-body PET (PROScRiPT)

2021 ◽  
Vol 253 ◽  
pp. 09004
Author(s):  
A. Ros ◽  
L. Barrientos ◽  
M. Borja-Lloret ◽  
J.V. Casaña ◽  
E. Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Scintillation Crystal ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Energy Peak ◽  
Extended Field ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Bed Position ◽  
Pet Scanners

In recent decades, PET scanners have been widely used for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in nuclear medicine. The continuous effort of the scientific community has led to improvements in scanner performance. Total-body PET is one of the latest upgrades in PET scanners. These kinds of scanners are able to scan the whole body of the patient with a single bed position, since the scanner tube is long enough for the patient to fit inside. While these scanners show unprecedented efficiency and extended field-of-view, a drawback is their low spatial resolution compared to dedicated scanners. In order to improve the spatial resolution of specific areas when measuring with a total-body PET scanner, the IRIS group at IFIC-Valencia is developing a probe. The proposed setup of the probe contains a monolithic scintillation crystal and a SiPM. The signal of the probe is read out by a TOFPET2 ASIC from PETsys, which has shown good performance for PET in terms of spatial and time resolutions. Furthermore, the PETsys technology generates a trigger signal that will be used to time synchronise the probe and the scanner. The proof-of-concept of the probe will be tested in a Preclinical Super Argus PET/CT scanner for small animals located at IFIC. Preliminary simulations of the scanner and the probe under ideal conditions show a slight improvement in the position reconstruction compared to the data obtained with the scanner, therefore we expect a considerable improvement when using the probe in a total-body PET scanner. Characterisation tests of the probe have been performed with a 22Na point-like source, obtaining an energy resolution of 9.09% for the 511 keV energy peak and a temporal resolution of 619 ps after time walk correction. The next step of the project is to test the probe measuring in temporal coincidence with the scanner.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of the uEXPLORER Total-body PET/CT scanner based on NEMA NU 2-2018 with additional tests to characterize long axial field-of-view PET scanners

2020 ◽  
pp. jnumed.120.250597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Spencer ◽  
Eric Berg ◽  
Jeffrey P. Schmall ◽  
Negar Omidvari ◽  
Edwin K. Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Axial Field ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Pet Scanners

scholarly journals Current Status of Pediatric Oncology in Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Mardawig Alebouyeh
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
The State ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Pediatric Hematology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All

The pediatric hematology and oncology (PHO) services in Iran have steadily improved during the past 10 years.Today, we have specialized PHO services in almost all major cities throughout the country, where 43 board-certified or eligible pediatric hematologist-oncologists are currently giving care to children suffering from cancer or hematological disorders. In this paper, the state of Pediatric hematology-oncology in Iran will be presented.

Using Research to Change Public Policy: Reflections on 20 Years of Effort to Eliminate Corporal Punishment in Schools

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-821
Author(s):  
Irwin A. Hyman
Keyword(s):  
Corporal Punishment ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Past ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Western Democracies

In the past 20 years, over half of the states have abolished corporal punishment in schools. Without the use of ethically questionable, experimental studies in which students were randomly assigned to paddlings, advocacy researchers were able to integrate the literature and experimental research on reward, punishment, and motivation, and conduct enough studies to provide sufficient data for policy changes. Further, every popular school discipline training program promotes well-proven positive and preventive techniques and punishments that do not inflict physical pain24. Research on alternatives, naturalistic evidence from schools that eliminated corporal punishment, and survey research prove that schools do not need to use corporal punishment.2 The movement to eliminate parental spanking is at a stage similar to the beginning of the school corporal punishment debate in 1976. Even though some studies may show that moderate parental spanking may do no short-term harm, there is little scientific evidence that it is necessary.30 There are no data to indicate that schools which eliminated corporal punishment became any worse.18 The same demographic factors and political polarizations that have kept about half of American school children from the protections against paddling afforded students in almost all other Western democracies also impede the movement to eliminate parental spanking. Since we know that corporal punishment too often leads to excesses, and since we have a multitude of effective positive approaches, what is the worst thing that would happen if all Americans stopped hitting children in any setting? The same children who are hit for misbehavior would continue that misbehavior and other ineffective punishments would be used.

Bilirubin Toxicity: The Problem Was Solved a Generation Ago

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 819-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOS VALAES
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Jaundice ◽  
Current Issue ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Laboratory Abnormality ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Status ◽  
Bilirubin Toxicity

The article by Newman and Maisels1 in the current issue of Pediatrics is the latest in their crusade to prove that the prevailing management of neonatal jaundice is of unproven efficacy, probably risky, definitely wasteful of resources, and, therefore, should be changed.2-6 There is no doubt that the status of neonatal jaundice has been reduced to that of an "expensive nuisance." It is very common, but, in the great majority of the cases, it is not accompanied by any other clinical or laboratory abnormality, has no diagnostic value, and disappears in a few days without sequelae. The current status of neonatal jaundice contrasts with the respect and fear it generated in the past.

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