Reproductive pattern of Trochita pileolus (d' Orbigny, 1841) (Gastropoda: Calyptraeidae) and different types of intracapsular development in Trochita species of South America

Polar Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Penchaszadeh ◽  
Florencia Arrighetti ◽  
Cristian Aldea ◽  
Valeria Teso
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Different Types

Comparative study of the 1982–1983 and 1997–1998 El Niño events over different types of vegetation in South America

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4063-4077 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dessay† ◽  
H. Laurent† ◽  
L. A. T. Machado ◽  
Y. E. Shimabukuro ◽  
G. T. Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
El Niño ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Different Types ◽  
El Niño Events ◽  
El Nino Events

scholarly journals THE PROVISION OF PASTURE LEGUMES FOR DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENTS

1987 ◽  
pp. 83-88
Author(s):  
R.L. Burt ◽  
M.B. Forde
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Plant Introduction ◽  
Simple Approach ◽  
European Species ◽  
Pasture Legumes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
A New Species

Early plant introduction in Australia and NZ involved familiar European species and simple general principles. 'First-generation' pasture cultivars in both countries were based on naturalized or cultivated material originally brought by colonists. Later, imported material was systematically used to improve these established varieties and produce 'second-generation' cultivars more closely adapted to local ecological conditions and agronomic systems. This simple approach proved inadequate for new and difficult environments which required different types of plant, and new species were sometimes tried and discarded prematurely because their potential was not fully displayed in the limited material initially available. Experience with Sfylosanthes in Australia shows that full suites of germplasm are necessary to evaluate a new species properly, and that such material should be deliberately and systematically collected from areas of similar or more extreme climate, particular attention being paid to edaphic characteristics. To obtain suitable legumes for the cold dry high country of the South Island collections from homologous regions in places such as Chile, Argentina, Kashmir, and the USSR may be useful. Keywords: plant introduction, Stylosanthes, Lotus, South America, Australia, New Zealand

TACTICS, TROPHIES, AND TITLES: A COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE ON ANCIENT MAYA RAIDING

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christophe Helmke
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Classic Maya ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Ancient Maya ◽  
Independent Innovation ◽  
Military Tactics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Warrior Ethos ◽  
North And South America ◽  
North And South

AbstractArchaeological and epigraphic data have greatly increased our understanding of ancient Maya warfare in recent decades. Nevertheless, one of the aspects that has received relatively little attention is the disambiguation between the different types of wars waged. The procurement of human trophies as attested in the archaeological record and imagery, as well as the counts-of-captives and captive statements recorded textually, all provide tantalizing clues that raids formed an integral part of Classic Maya military tactics. This rings particularly true when we consider that the Classic Maya terms for “captive” and “bone” are one and the same, thereby betraying emic conceptions wherein captives were deemed to be an ideal source of bone; human trophiespar excellence. The features identified for the Classic Maya have to be set within a larger perspective since these are also found among other Mesoamerican cultures, as well as indigenous societies in both North and South America. In so doing, it becomes clear that raiding and the acquisition of captives and human trophies served to foster and heighten prestige, especially among societies that cultivated the warrior ethos. Therefore, raiding emerges as a shared Amerindian trait, rather than being the product of diffusion or independent innovation.

scholarly journals OXA-type carbapenemases in Acinetobacter baumannii in South America

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Opazo ◽  
Mariana Domínguez ◽  
Helia Bello ◽  
Sebastian G.B. Amyes ◽  
Gerardo González-Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
South America ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Class D ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
Therapeutic Alternatives

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is frequently involved in outbreaks of infection, occurring mostly in intensive care units. The increasing incidence of carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii worldwide is a concern since it limits drastically the range of therapeutic alternatives. The most important mechanism of carbapenem resistance is the enzymatic hydrolysis mediated by carbapenemases. In A. baumannii these enzymes are usually OXA-type carbapenemases, and belong to class D according to the classification of Ambler. The OXA-type carbapenemases are divided into five subgroups, four of which correspond to acquired carbapenemases, which accounts for the distribution of genes blaOXA in different geographic areas. In this work we review the different types of OXA-type carbapenemases present in A. baumannii, emphasizing the current situation in South America with special mention to the findings in Chile.

scholarly journals Usefulness of Spoligotyping in Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis-Related Infections in South America

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín J. Zumárraga ◽  
Carlos Martin ◽  
Sofia Samper ◽  
Alicia Alito ◽  
Omar Latini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
South America ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Direct Repeat ◽  
South American ◽  
Discriminative Power ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Restriction Fragment Length

Two hundred twenty-four Mycobacterium bovis isolates, mainly from South American countries, were typed by spoligotyping, and 41 different spoligotypes were identified. A total of 202 M. bovis isolates (90%) were grouped into 19 different clusters. The largest cluster contained 96 isolates (42.8%) on the basis of the most frequently observed spoligotype, spoligotype 34. Nineteen M. bovis isolates from humans in Argentina had spoligotypes and polymorphic GC-rich repetitive sequence (PGRS) types that represented the most common types found among isolates from cattle. All five isolates from Uruguay and three of the six isolates from Paraguay had spoligotypes that were also detected for isolates from Argentina. The spoligotypes of isolates from Brazil, Costa Rica, and Mexico and of some of the isolates from Paraguay could not be found in Argentina. A total of 154 M. bovis isolates were selected in order to compare the discriminative power of spoligotyping and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with direct repeat (DR) and PGRS probes. By spoligotyping, 31 different types were found, whileAluI-digested DR probe-associated RFLP analysis identified 42 types, and RFLP analysis with the PGRS probe also detected 42 types; these were partly independent of the DR types. By combining the results obtained by spoligotyping and by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes, 88 different types were obtained. Although the differentiation of M. bovis by spoligotyping was less discriminatory than differentiation by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes, spoligotyping is easier to perform and its results are easier to interpret. Therefore, for the purpose of typing of M. bovisisolates, spoligotyping could be performed first and the isolates could be grouped into clusters and then analyzed by RFLP analysis with the DR and PGRS probes.

Background, Method, and Research

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Shared Workspace ◽  
Shared Workspaces ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Usa

This book talks about shared workspaces, with particular attention to spaces designed to host the production of objects, and is widely based on the results of extensive experimental empirical research conducted by authors in Europe, the USA, and South America between 2012 and 2017. The research involved more than 100 shared workspaces, in which the authors spent over 1000 days. The ethnographic on-field research was carried out using direct observation and through many interviews, which were filmed and subsequently processed through typical methods of visual anthropology. This chapter provides an overview of the different types of shared workspace, illustrates research actions and explains how and where it has developed.

Reproductive pattern of the aggressive invader Limnoperna fortunei (Bivalvia, Mytilidae) in South America

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matías L. Giglio ◽  
María C. Dreher Mansur ◽  
Cristina Damborenea ◽  
Pablo E. Penchaszadeh ◽  
Gustavo Darrigran
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Limnoperna Fortunei

scholarly journals The Western Amazonian Boundary for Avifauna Determined by Species Distribution Patterns and Geographical and Ecological Features

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Nores
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Tropical Rainforest ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Tropical Lowland ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Northern South America

In northern South America, an extensive tropical lowland runs 5,000 km from the Atlantic coast to the foot of the Andes. The slope is gentle until about 500 m where the eastern Andes rise abruptly. The lowland supports Amazonia, which is the most extensive tract of tropical rainforest on the planet. Most of its boundaries are well defined, but the boundary between Amazonia and the forest of the eastern slopes of the Andes has not been clearly defined. To determine for avifauna whether Amazonia is restricted to the lowland of northern South America or whether it also extends up into the eastern slopes of the Andes, different types of data were used. The results indicate that Amazonia may be restricted to the lowland that extends from the Atlantic coast to the foot of the Andes, up to about 500 m. Consequently, the number of bird species strictly endemic to Amazonia would be 290. Comparison with the distribution of vegetation on the eastern slopes of the Andes also suggests that Amazonia as a biome may be restricted to the lowland that extends from the Atlantic coast to the foot of the Andes, up to about 500 m.

The osmotic and ionic regulation of Branchinecta gaini Daday

1967 ◽  
Vol 252 (777) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Ionic Regulation ◽  
Freshwater Lakes ◽  
Deep Lakes ◽  
Large Lakes ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Signy Island ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Antarctic

The anostracan crustacean, Branchinecta gaini , has been recorded from freshwater lakes and pools in many places in the Antarctic and from the southern tip of South America. On Signy Island, in the South Orkneys group, the animal occurs in two rather different types of habitat. It is found in large, relatively deep lakes and also in small, shallow pools on a rocky headland. The latter are occasionally influenced by salt spray from the sea. The seasonal chemical changes in one of the large lakes and the ecology of Branchinecta and other crustaceans in it have been studied in detail by Heywood (1967). A similar study on the smaller pools has been made by Goodman (unpublished).

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