Genotypic Differences Among the Rice Genotypes to Arsenic Stress Cultivated Under Two Water Regimes: With an Inference to Human Health

AbstractUpland rice production on weathered soils is often constrained by phosphorus (P) deficiency and soil acidity. Farmyard manure application (FYM) can sharply enhance yields and agronomic P fertilizer (TSP) efficiency. We tested the hypothesis that rice genotypes differ in the extent of using organic P and offering distinct benefits under TSP-FYM combinations. Multiple field trials were conducted in the uplands of Madagascar, with factorial combinations of six genotypes, FYM, and TSP applications, with blanket N&K additions. Rice grain yields reached 6 t ha-1 after three years of TSP+FYM application, were lower when FYM or TSP were used separately, while crops failed under zero P input. Genotypic differences were inferior to the large treatment effects. Application of FYM increased soil pH and CaCl2-extractable P while decreasing CaCl2-extractable aluminium. An additional liming trial indicated that beneficial effects of FYM over TSP relate to liming effects. Genotypic ranking of yields and agronomic efficiency was inconsistent, without superior genotypes under FYM versus TSP. However, Chomrong Dhan and FOFIFA 172 showed superior yields under TSP+FYM. The FYM application lowers aluminium toxicity which overrules potential effects of organic P supply. Aluminium tolerance should be included when developing rice genotypes for low P tolerance in weathered soils.

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Response of Rice Genotypes to Weed Competition in Dry Direct-Seeded Rice in India

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/641589 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Gulshan Mahajan ◽

Mugalodi S. Ramesha ◽

Bhagirath S. Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Leaf Area Index ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Root Biomass ◽

Early Stage ◽

Weed Competition ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Area Index ◽

Direct Seeded ◽

Rice Genotypes

The differential weed-competitive abilities of eight rice genotypes and the traits that may confer such attributes were investigated under partial weedy and weed-free conditions in naturally occurring weed flora in dry direct-seeded rice during the rainy seasons of 2011 and 2012 at Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The results showed genotypic differences in competitiveness against weeds. In weed-free plots, grain yield varied from 6.6 to 8.9 t ha−1across different genotypes; it was lowest for PR-115 and highest for the hybrid H-97158. In partial weedy plots, grain yield and weed biomass at flowering varied from 3.6 to 6.7 t ha−1and from 174 to 419 g m−2, respectively. In partial weedy plots, grain yield was lowest for PR-115 and highest for PR-120. Average yield loss due to weed competition ranged from 21 to 46% in different rice genotypes. The study showed that early canopy closure, high leaf area index at early stage, and high root biomass and volume correlated positively with competitiveness. This study suggests that some traits (root biomass, leaf area index, and shoot biomass at the early stage) could play an important role in conferring weed competitiveness and these traits can be explored for dry-seeded rice.

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Evaluation of faba bean breeding lines for spectral indices, yield traits and yield stability under diverse environments

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp14226 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 66 (10) ◽

pp. 1012 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Fouad Maalouf ◽

Miloudi Nachit ◽

Michel Edmond Ghanem ◽

Murari Singh

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Yield Stability ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Yield Traits ◽

Spectral Indices ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Days To Flowering ◽

Water Regimes

Drought is a major limiting factor in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production in the Mediterranean region, which is known for its irregular water distribution and moderate moisture levels (~500 mm rainfall). In this study, faba bean genotypes were evaluated for spectral indices, yield traits, rhizobium nodulation and yield stability under diverse environments, and their relationships. Eleven faba bean genotypes were evaluated under two water regimes, rainfed and supplemental irrigation (SI), in 2008–09; and under three water regimes (rainfed, 50% and 100% soil water capacity irrigation) for three consecutive growing seasons (2009–10, 2010–11, 2011–12), at Tel Hadya in Syria. They were also evaluated at Terbol in Lebanon for one season (2011–12) in a split-plot experiment with three irrigation treatments and at Kfardan in Lebanon for two seasons, 2008–09 (rainfed) and 2010–11 (rainfed and SI). The genotypes included three cultivars and eight drought-tolerant breeding lines selected at <300 mm annual rainfall. Phenological and morphological traits were recorded, as well as nodule weight per plant, grain yield, biological yield and spectral reflectance indices. Data were statistically analysed for each year. There were significant genotypic differences for seed yield under SI and rainfed conditions in 2008–09, and full irrigation in 2009–10 and 2011–12. Days to flowering and maturity were significantly different among genotypes for rainfed and irrigated conditions. There were significant differences between water regimes and genotypes, but their interactions were not significant. FLIP06-010FB was the highest yielding and most stable among the tested genotypes across different environments. Days to flowering and days to maturity were positively correlated with grain yield. The spectral indices structure-insensitive pigment index and normalised pheophytinisation index were found to correlate positively with grain yield and could therefore be used for selection under drought-prone environments.

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Evaluation of amino acid profile in contrasting arsenic accumulating rice genotypes under arsenic stress

Biologia Plantarum ◽

10.1007/s10535-014-0435-4 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 58 (4) ◽

pp. 733-742 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

A. Kumar ◽

S. Dwivedi ◽

R. P. Singh ◽

D. Chakrabarty ◽

S. Mallick ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Amino Acid Profile ◽

Arsenic Stress ◽

Rice Genotypes

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Geographical Variation in Ribotype Profiles of Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Swine, Poultry, Beef, and Dairy Cattle in Florida

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.69.2.1089-1092.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 69 (2) ◽

pp. 1089-1092 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Troy M. Scott ◽

Salina Parveen ◽

Kenneth M. Portier ◽

Joan B. Rose ◽

Mark L. Tamplin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Human Health ◽

Geographic Area ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Fecal Pollution ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

E Coli ◽

Study Results ◽

Southern Florida

ABSTRACT Waters impacted by fecal pollution can exact high risks to human health and can result in financial losses due to closures of water systems used for recreation and for harvesting seafood. Identifying the sources of fecal pollution in water is paramount in assessing the potential human health risks involved as well as in assessing necessary remedial action. Recently, various researchers have used the ribotyping method to identify sources of bacterial indicators (Escherichia coli and enterococci) in environmental waters. While these studies have identified genotypic differences between human- and animal-derived indicators that are capable of differentiating organisms isolated from humans and various animal hosts, most have focused on organisms collected from a confined geographic area and have not addressed the question of whether these ribotype profiles are watershed specific or if they can be applied universally to organisms from other geographic locations. In this study, E. coli isolates were obtained from humans, beef cattle, dairy cattle, swine, and poultry from locations in northern, central, and southern Florida and were subjected to ribotyping analysis. The intent was to determine (i) if ribotype profiles are capable of discriminating the source of E. coli at the host species level and (ii) if the resulting fingerprints are uniform over an extended geographic area or if they can be applied only to a specific watershed. Our research indicated that, using a single restriction enzyme (HindIII), the ribotyping procedure is not capable of differentiating E. coli isolates from the different animal species sampled in this study. Results indicate, however, that this procedure can still be used effectively to differentiate E. coli as being either human or animal derived when applied to organisms isolated from a large geographic region.

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Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on uptake of Zn and P by two contrasting rice genotypes

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/319-pse ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 93-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

R. Hajiboland ◽

N. Aliasgharzad ◽

R. Barzeghar

Keyword(s):

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽

P Uptake ◽

Genotypic Difference ◽

Genotypic Differences ◽

Nutrient Deficiencies ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Amf Inoculation

There is little experimental evidence about the functional significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization in providing nutrients for lowland rice. This study was undertaken to examine whether growth and nutrient deficiencies may affect plants benefit from AMF inoculation. Two contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes and two AMF species (Glomus mosseae and G. intraradices) were used in this experiment. Under P starvation, P uptake in the genotype tolerant to P deficiency (Fajr), declined significantly up to 36% (P < 0.05) in response to AMF inoculation, while it enhanced by about 70% (P < 0.01) in susceptible genotype (Shafagh). Under Zn starvation, Zn uptake of Zn-efficient genotype (Shafagh) increased by about 2 fold (P < 0.01), but a reduction of 52% (P < 0.05) was observed in the Zn-inefficient genotype (Fajr) upon mycorrhization. Greater genotypic differences were observed for –P–Zn plants. Our results imply that genotypic difference in responsiveness to inoculation with AMF is attributable to different contribution of mechanisms for increased nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal plants depending on nutrient, nutritional status and nutrient efficiency of genotypes.

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Performance of low phosphorus tolerant rice genotypes under drought stress

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201865030005 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (3) ◽

pp. 253-260

Author(s):

Cleber Morais Guimarães ◽

Luís Fernando Stone ◽

Maria da Conceição Santana Carvalho ◽

José Manoel Colombari Filho

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Low Cost ◽

Soil Phosphorus ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

P Deficiency ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Low Phosphorus ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Low Cost Strategy

ABSTRACT The identification of genotypes more tolerant to water deficit and more efficient in the use of nutrients little available in the soil is an important low-cost strategy to promote sustainable agriculture in marginalized regions. In this sense, a study was carried out in the SITIS Phenotyping Platform of the Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, with the objective of evaluating the drought tolerance of upland rice genotypes tolerant to phosphorus (P) deficiency. The experimental design was performed in a randomized complete block with split-split plots and two replications. In the plots were established two water regimes (with and without water deficit), in the subplots two soil phosphorus contents (25 and 200 mg dm-3) and in sub-subplots 48 upland rice genotypes. The water deficit had more impact on grain yield than the phosphorus supply. The genotypes AB 062037, AB 062041, AB 062138, Arroz Mato Grosso, BRA 02601, BRA 052045, CNA 4098, CNA 6187, Guapa, Guaporé and Rio Paranaíba were classified in the most productive group under both water regimes. The most productive genotypes under water deficit showed higher root density in the deeper soil layers. The most productive genotypes in the two water regimes were also those that showed the highest transpiration.

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