scholarly journals Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on uptake of Zn and P by two contrasting rice genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hajiboland ◽  
N. Aliasgharzad ◽  
R. Barzeghar
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Genotypic Difference ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Nutrient Deficiencies ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Amf Inoculation

There is little experimental evidence about the functional significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization in providing nutrients for lowland rice. This study was undertaken to examine whether growth and nutrient deficiencies may affect plants benefit from AMF inoculation. Two contrasting rice (<I>Oryza sativa</I> L.) genotypes and two AMF species (<I>Glomus mosseae</I> and <I>G. intraradices</I>) were used in this experiment. Under P starvation, P uptake in the genotype tolerant to P deficiency (Fajr), declined significantly up to 36% (<I>P</I> < 0.05) in response to AMF inoculation, while it enhanced by about 70% (<I>P</I> < 0.01) in susceptible genotype (Shafagh). Under Zn starvation, Zn uptake of Zn-efficient genotype (Shafagh) increased by about 2 fold (<I>P</I> < 0.01), but a reduction of 52% (<I>P</I> < 0.05) was observed in the Zn-inefficient genotype (Fajr) upon mycorrhization. Greater genotypic differences were observed for –P–Zn plants. Our results imply that genotypic difference in responsiveness to inoculation with AMF is attributable to different contribution of mechanisms for increased nutrient uptake in mycorrhizal plants depending on nutrient, nutritional status and nutrient efficiency of genotypes.

scholarly journals Contribution of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, Phosphate–Solubilizing Bacteria, and Silicon to P Uptake by Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Etesami ◽  
Byoung Ryong Jeong ◽  
Bernard R. Glick
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
P Fertilizers

Phosphorus (P) availability is usually low in soils around the globe. Most soils have a deficiency of available P; if they are not fertilized, they will not be able to satisfy the P requirement of plants. P fertilization is generally recommended to manage soil P deficiency; however, the low efficacy of P fertilizers in acidic and in calcareous soils restricts P availability. Moreover, the overuse of P fertilizers is a cause of significant environmental concerns. However, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), phosphate–solubilizing bacteria (PSB), and the addition of silicon (Si) are effective and economical ways to improve the availability and efficacy of P. In this review the contributions of Si, PSB, and AMF in improving the P availability is discussed. Based on what is known about them, the combined strategy of using Si along with AMF and PSB may be highly useful in improving the P availability and as a result, its uptake by plants compared to using either of them alone. A better understanding how the two microorganism groups and Si interact is crucial to preserving soil fertility and improving the economic and environmental sustainability of crop production in P deficient soils. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge concerning the interactions among AMF, PSB, and Si in enhancing P availability and its uptake by plants in sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Penekanan Perkembangan Penyakit Bercak Ungu pada Bawang Merah oleh Cendawan Mikoriza Arbuskula

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Marlina Puspita Sari ◽  
Bambang Hadisutrisno ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is known to improve the growth of shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum) and strengthen the resistance of plants toward disease infection.  This research aimed to find out the roles of AMF in suppressing the development of purple blotch disease caused by  Alternaria sp. on shallot in Caturtunggal, Sleman, Yogyakarta.  Inoculation of AMF either on fertilization of N, P, K or without fertilization treatment resulted on higher plant height and number of leaves compared to those without AMF inoculation. The plant inoculated with AMF had lower purple blotch disease intensity and disease progression than control and fungicide treatment. The result showed that AMF, in addition to act as the bio-fertilizer, is a potential to be a biocontrol agent.

scholarly journals Dual Inoculation With Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Phosphorus Solubilizing Fungi Synergistically Enhances the Mobilization and Plant Uptake of Phosphorus From Meat and Bone Meal

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhupinder Singh Jatana ◽  
Christopher Kitchens ◽  
Christopher Ray ◽  
Patrick Gerard ◽  
Nishanth Tharayil
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
P Mobilization

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important mineral nutrient for plant growth and plays a vital role in maintaining global food security. The natural phosphorus reserves [phosphate rock (PR)] are declining at an unprecedented rate, which will threaten the sustainable food supply in near future. Rendered animal byproducts such as meat and bone meal (MBM), could serve as a sustainable alternative to meet crop phosphorus demand. Even though nitrogen (N) from MBM is readily mineralized within a few days, &gt;75% of the P in MBM is present as calcium phosphate that is sparingly available to plants. Thus, application of MBM with the aim of meeting crop N demand could result in buildup of P reserves in soil, which necessitates the need to improve the P mobilization from MBM to achieve higher plant P use efficiency. Here, we tested the potential of two microbial inoculum-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and P solubilizing fungi (Penicillium bilaiae), in improving the mobilization of P from MBM and the subsequent P uptake by maize (Zea mays). Compared to the non-inoculated MBM control, the application of P. bilaiae increased the P mobilization from MBM by more than two-fold and decreased the content of calcium bound P in the soil by 26%. However, despite this mobilization, P. bilaiae did not increase the tissue content of P in maize. On the other hand, AMF inoculation with MBM increased the plant root, shoot biomass, and plant P uptake as compared to non-inoculated control, but did not decrease the calcium bound P fraction of the soil, indicating there was limited P mobilization. The simultaneous application of both AMF and P. bilaiae in association with MBM resulted in the highest tissue P uptake of maize with a concomitant decrease in the calcium bound P in the soil, indicating the complementary functional traits of AMF and P. bilaiae in plant P nutrition from MBM. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation with MBM also increased the plant photosynthesis rate (27%) and root phosphomonoesterase activity (40%), which signifies the AMF associated regulation of plant physiology. Collectively, our results demonstrate that P mobilization and uptake efficiency from MBM could be improved with the combined use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and P. bilaiae.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promote the growth of plants in the mining associated clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziheng Song ◽  
Yinli Bi ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Yunli Gong ◽  
Huihui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Abstract It is urgent to restore the ecological function in open-pit mining areas on grassland in Eastern China. The open-pit mines have abundant of mining associated clay, which is desirable for using as a soil source for ecological restoration. The mining associated clay in Hulunbuir district, Inner Mongolia was selected and mixed with a sandy soil at a ratio of 1:1 (S_C soil). Also, effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on soil functions were studied. The aboveground and underground biomass of maize in S_C soil was 1.49 and 2.41 times higher than that of clay soil, respectively. In the topsoil and S_C soil, the growth hormone (IAA) and cytokinin (CTK) levels of maize were higher than that of clay, while abscission acid (ABA) levels were lower. The inoculation with AMF could significantly improve the biomass of maize and enhance the stress resistance of plants. Through structural equation model (SEM) analyses, it was found that the soil type and AMF inoculation had the most direct impact on maize growth and biomass content. These finds extend our knowledge regarding a low-cost method for physical and biological improvement of mining associated clay, and to provide theoretical support for large-scale application in the future.

scholarly journals ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN SEEDLING FORMATION OF BARBADOS CHERRY (Malpighia emarginata D.C.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-380
Author(s):  
EDUARDO MENDONÇA PINHEIRO ◽  
CAMILA PINHEIRO NOBRE ◽  
THAYANNA VIEIRA COSTA ◽  
ORLANDO CARLOS HUERTAS TAVARES ◽  
JOSÉ RIBAMAR GUSMÃO ARAUJO
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Statistical Design ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Glomus Clarum ◽  
Malpighia Emarginata ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Amf Inoculation

ABSTRACT The use of beneficial microorganisms such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may favor both the growth phase and the stabilization of the seedlings after transplantation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of different AMF species on the development of Barbados cherry seedlings from herbaceous and semi-hardwood cuttings. Softwood and semi-hardwood cuttings, previously rooted, were planted in 500 ml tubes filled with Plantmax® substrate and inoculated with three species of mycorrhizal fungi (Gigaspora margarita - Gimarg, Claroideoglomus etunicatum - Claetun and Glomus clarum - Glclar) isolated and combined (Gimarg + Claetun, Gimarg + Glclar, Claetun + Glclar and Gimarg + Claetun + Glclar). The statistical design was completely randomized in factorial scheme 2 x 8 (two types of cuttings and eight types of inoculation, including control without AMF inoculation) with ten replications. The seedlings were kept in a greenhouse for 100 days and height was measured every 15 days to determine the absolute and relative growth rate (AGR and RGR). At the end of the experiment the seedlings were sacrificed and determined height, fresh and dry shoot mass and root and mycorrhizal colonization rate. The results indicate potential for production of Malpighia emarginata D.C. seedlings inoculated with AMF with tendency to reduce the time for transplanting. The Gimarg + Claetun combination promoted higher rates of absolute growth and height of seedlings from herbaceous cuttings. The species Glomus clarum, isolated or associated with C. etunicatum, promoted higher colonization rates in herbaceous and semi-hardwood seedlings, respectively.

scholarly journals Role of Melatonin in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi-Induced Resistance to Fusarium Wilt in Cucumber

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 999-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Golam Jalal Ahammed ◽  
Qi Mao ◽  
Yaru Yan ◽  
Meijuan Wu ◽  
Yaqi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Control Effect ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Melatonin is a multifunctional molecule that confers tolerance to a number of biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. However, the role of melatonin in plant response to Fusarium oxysporum and the interaction with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) remain unclear. Here we show that exogenous melatonin application promoted the AMF colonization rate in cucumber roots, which potentially suppressed Fusarium wilt as evidenced by a decreased disease index and an increased control effect. Leaf gas exchange analysis revealed that Fusarium inoculation significantly decreased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci), and transpiration rate (Tr). Intriguingly, either melatonin application or AMF inoculation significantly increased the Pn, Gs, Tr, and dry biomass, and their combined treatment showed a more profound effect under Fusarium stress. Further analysis showed that Fusarium induced oxidative stress as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage. Conversely, either melatonin or AMF drastically attenuated the levels of malondialdehyde, H2O2, and electrolyte leakage in Fusarium-inoculated plants, and their combined treatment caused a further decrease. Fusarium inoculation decreased the activity and transcripts of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase, and the content of glutathione and proline. Besides, the activity and transcripts of peroxidase and catalase, the content of phenols and flavonoids increased after Fusarium infection. Importantly, melatonin and/or AMF significantly increased those parameters with the greatest effect with their combined treatment under Fusarium stress. Our results suggest that a positive collaboration between melatonin and AMF enhances resistance to Fusarium wilt in cucumber plants.

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Grass and Weed in Acidic Andosol

2013 ◽  
Vol 281 ◽  
pp. 664-669
Author(s):  
En Wu ◽  
Guo Rong Xin ◽  
Kazuo Sugawara
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Ph Gradients ◽  
Anthoxanthum Odoratum ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Positive Effect

With the aggravation of volcanic ash Andosol acidification, artificial forage grass Dactylis glomerata L. gradual degradation, replaced by weed plant Anthoxanthum odoratum L., but the mechanism is unclear. In order to reveal the mechanism, this study used Andosol soil as matrix, explored the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on D. glomerata and A. odoratum at different pH gradients in acidic Andosol by glasshouse experiment. The results show that the mycorrhizal colonization of D. glomerata strongly affected by soil pH, but the A. odoratum was not yet. The mycorrhizal symbiosis led to a positive effect on growth and P uptake of D. glomerata and A. odoratum. Consider to invasion and expansion of A. odoratum in severity acidic pasture is origin of this specificity on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in acidic soil other than D. glomerata.

scholarly journals Improved growth of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum) plants by inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and beneficial rhizobacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1299
Author(s):  
Azareel Angulo-Castro ◽  
Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato ◽  
Alejandro Alarcón ◽  
Juan José Almaraz-Suárez ◽  
Julián Delgadillo-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Pepper Plants ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Background: Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are an alternative for sustainable management of pepper crops. Objective: To investigate the beneficial effects of PGPR and AMF inoculation on the growth of bell pepper plants. Methods: Two PGPR strains were used (Pseudomonas tolaasii P61 and Bacillus pumilus R44) as well as their mixture, and an uninoculated control. In addition, bacterial treatments were combined with an AMF-consortium (Funneliformis aff. geosporum and Claroideoglomus sp.). A 4×2 factorial experiment [four levels for the bacterial inoculation and two levels of AMF-inoculation (non-AMF and AMF)] was performed with eight treatments, at greenhouse conditions for 80 days after inoculation. AMF inoculation was done at sowing and PGPR after 15 days of seedling emergence. Results and Conclusions: Uninoculated control showed lower growth responses than plants inoculated with PGPR and AMF, alone or in combination. Overall, inoculation of the strain P61 or the combination of R44+AMF increased plant growth. AMF improved the photochemical efficiency of PSII in comparison to either control plants or plants inoculated with R44 or with the bacterial mix. Both PGPR and AMF improved growth and vigor of bell pepper plants.

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